EMT-B Chapter 12 Quiz

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? A. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Early administration of high-flow oxygen

C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. move her to the ambulance stretcher. B. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. C. check her airway for obstructions. D. administer high-flow oxygen.

C. check her airway for obstructions.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation B. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection C. Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation D. Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction

A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. During the primary assessment D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: A. plasma. B. red blood cells. C. platelets. D. whole blood.

A. plasma.

Shock due to severe infection is called: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. anaphylactic shock

A. septic shock

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: A. the skin. B. the lungs. C. the heart. D. the brain.

A. the skin.

Distributive shock occurs when: A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. C. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. D. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain.

A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. rapid, shallow breathing. B. absent peripheral pulses. C. restlessness or anxiety. D. cool and clammy skin.

B. absent peripheral pulses.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. a ruptured aortic aneurysm. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. C. acute myocardial infarction. D. severe septic hypoperfusion.

B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. B. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. C. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.

B. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? A. Spinal cord injury B. Liver laceration C. Cardiac tamponade D. Simple pneumothorax

C. Cardiac tamponade

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? A. Open the airway. B. Administer oxygen. C. Control the bleeding. D. Check for a pulse.

C. Control the bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? A. Anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. B. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. C. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction. D. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure.

C. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: A. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history. B. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. C. determine if she was injured when she fainted. D. provide emotional support regarding her sister.

C. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: A. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. B. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. D. repeat your secondary assessment.

C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: A. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. B. apply pressure to the brachial artery. C. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. D. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

D. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: A. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. B. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. C. immediately evaluate his airway. D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

Neurogenic shock occurs when: A. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. B. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. C. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury. D. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

D. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.