EMT Ch 24 Quiz, EMT Chapter 24- Trauma overview

arterial air embolism

Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels.

Drag

Air resistance, slows the projectile decreasing the depth of penetration and energy of the projectile and that's reducing damage to the tissues

coup-contrecoup injury

Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: A. transport to a trauma center. B. a focused exam of her forearm. C. transport to a community hospital. D. a secondary assessment at the scene.

transport to a trauma center.

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

~Components: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Systolic blood pressure, Respiratory rate ~Follow local protocol for use of the trauma scoring system ~Do not let it interfere with patient care

Deceleration injuries

-moving and come to a sudden stop -causes shearing and crushing injuries to joints -ex. car, plane, train, etc. crash

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10.

7.

Cavitation

A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path.

blunt trauma

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities.

index of suspicion

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury.

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? A. Compression of the head against the roof B. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash C. Impact of the head against the steering wheel D. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover

Compression of the head against the roof

trauma emergencies

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patient's body.

medical emergencies

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force.

Work

Force acting over a distance

Which of the following statements regarding the first collision that occurs during a motor vehicle crash is correct? A. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. B. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. C. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. D. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle.

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? A. Severe burns B. Fractured bones C. Stomach rupture D. Impaled objects

Stomach rupture

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? A. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict. B. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries. C. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound. D. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

kinetic energy

The energy of a moving object, reflects the relationship between the mass or weight of the object in the velocity or speed at which is traveling

potential energy

The product of way, force of gravity, height mostly associated with the energy of falling objects

Multi-system trauma

Trauma that affects more than one body system.

mechanism of injury

a force or forces that may have caused injury

tympanic membrane

a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves. In humans and other higher vertebrates it forms the eardrum, between the outer and middle ear. sensitive indicator that you can use to help determine the possible presence of other blast injuries. Can be used to assist in triaging patients as they indicate risk of pressure injuries to the lungs

trauma score

a system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car-versus-pedestrian collision, you should first: A. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle. B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. C. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. D. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle.

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: A. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. B. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade. C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. D. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. underlying cardiac disease. B. a lacerated coronary artery. C. bruising of the heart muscle. D. traumatic rupture of the aorta.

bruising of the heart muscle.

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. A. door B. dashboard C. windshield D. steering wheel

door

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: A. falls and motor vehicle collisions. B. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. C. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. D. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings.

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: A. be involved in trauma prevention programs. B. have general surgeons who are in-house 24 hours a day. C. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. D. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

have general surgeons who are in-house 24 hours a day.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. B. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. C. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact. D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

penetrating trauma

injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues

The energy of a moving object is called: A. latent energy. B. kinetic energy. C. potential energy. D. converted energy.

kinetic energy.

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the: A. index of suspicion. B. mechanism of injury. C. kinetic energy. D. potential energy.

mechanism of injury.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: A. injury to the cervical spine. B. potential airway compromise. C. damage to internal structures. D. alterations in his mental status.

potential airway compromise.

Pulmonary blast injuries

pulmonary trauma (consisting of contusions and hemorrhages) that result from short-range exposure to the detonation of explosives

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: A. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown. B. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet. C. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body. D. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small.

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

trajectory

the path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the speed of the fall. B. the surface struck. C. the height of the fall. D. the primary impact point.

the speed of the fall.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash. A. thoracic and sacral B. lumbar and coccygeal C. thoracic and lumbar D. lumbar and sacral

thoracic and lumbar