EMT Chapter 11: Principles of Pharmacology
The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called?
ADsorption
The form the manufacturer chooses for a medication ensures ?
ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT the proper route of the medication the timing of the medication's release into the blood stream the meds effects on target organs or body systems
Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?
ASpirin
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to?
Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto injector. She also tells you she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her bp is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.
12. Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: A) transport her in a sitting position. B) wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. C) place her in a supine position. D) assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
C
13. You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control? A) Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly. B) Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance. C) Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route. D) Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed.
C
15. Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct? A) The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine. B) The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. C) The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. D) EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector.
C
Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called?
Capsles
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atovastatin (Lipitor) and amblodipine (Norsvasc). These medications suggest a history of?
Cardio vascular disease
1. Which of the following is an example of a generic drug? A) Bayer B) Advil C) Excedrin D) Aspirin
D
10. Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: A) reduces the associated chest pain. B) dissolves the coronary artery clot. C) causes direct coronary vasodilation. D) prevents the aggregation of platelets.
D
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? A) Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands B) Dilates passages in the lungs C) Constricts the blood vessels D) Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
D
16. EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that: A) naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg. B) the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs. C) naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow. D) naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.
D
3. How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? A) Orally B) Inhaled C) Injected D) Sublingually
D
4. Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch? A) Sublingual B) Intraosseous C) Subcutaneous D) Transcutaneous
D
8. A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: A) give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport. B) assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions. C) transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin. D) recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
D
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?
Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Nitroglycerin relieves the squeezing or crushing pain associated with angina by:
Dilating the arteries to increase the oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
The amount of medication that is given is known as the ?
Dose
Action
Effect a drug is expected to have
________ is the main hormone that controls the body's fight-or-flight response.
Epinephrine
What medication form does oral glucose come in?
Gel
The proper dose of a medication depends on all of the following except?
Generic substitutions
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
Epinephrine acts as a specific antidote to?
Histamine
The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is?
Hypoglycemia
Advil, nuprin, and motrin are all trade names for the generic medication:
Ibuprofen
What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector ?
Intramuscular
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the?
Intranasal route
Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?
Intraosseous
Which of the following medication routes would be the Most appropriate to use in an unresponsive pt when intravenous access cannot be obtained?
Intraosseous
In all but the _______ route, the medication is absorbed into the bloodstream through various body tissues.
Intravenous
Oral Glucose:
Is placeed between the pt's cheek and gum
Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a pt?
Medical directors approval.
EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. IF they give naloxone (NARCAN) to this pt, the EMTs should recall that?
Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this pt.
Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?
PArenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.
Which of the following patient populations typically require modified drug dose?
Pediatric pts
In _______ administration, you are administering meds to yourself or your partner.
Peer assisted
Shortly after assisting a 65- year old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The pt remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should?
Place her in a supine position.
Aspirin is beneficial to pts suspected of having a heart attack because it?
Prevents the aggregation of platelets
Absorption
Process by which medications travel through body tissues
A 31 year old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should?
Reassess the pt and document her response to the medication.
A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert but anxious. Her BP is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 bpm. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4mg tablets) before your arival but still fels heaviness in her chest. You should?
Recall that geriatric pts often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
Nitroglycerin when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:
Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries
After taking diphenhydramine (benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a (n):
Side effect
Contraindication
Situation in which a drug should not be given
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (NARCAN)?
Slow respiration
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?
Sublingually
Activated charcoal is an example of ?
Suspension
Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?
The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.
Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?
The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as?
The study of drugs and their actions on the body.
Indication
Therapeutic use for a particular medication
Adsorption
To bind or stick to a surface
Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?
Transcutaneous
Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?
Transcutaneous
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:
authorization from medical control has been obtained.
Nitroglycerin relieves the squeezing or crushing pain associated with angina by:
dilating the arteries to increase the oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
The proper dose of a medication depends on all of the following, EXCEPT:
generic substitutions
Epinephrine acts as a specific antidote to:
histamine.
The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:
hypoglycemia
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:
intranasal route
Oral glucose:
is placed between a patient's cheek and gum.
A(n) ________ is a chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain.
medication
EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:
naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.
11. Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: A) relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. B) increases myocardial contraction force. C) increases blood return to the right atrium. D) constricts the veins throughout the body.
A
17. A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: A) asthma. B) heart disease. C) hypertension. D) allergic reactions.
A
2. Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? A) Intraosseous B) Intramuscular C) Subcutaneous D) Transcutaneous
A
5. A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: A) intranasal route. B) inhalation route. C) sublingual route. D) transdermal route.
A
6. What medication form does oral glucose come in? A) Gel B) Liquid C) Suspension D) Fine powder
A
9. The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is: A) hypoglycemia. B) hyperglycemia. C) hypotension. D) hypertension.
A
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labor and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the pt supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should?
Administer epineprhine to the pt, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hosptial.
Dose
Amount of medication given
Side effect
Any action of a drug other than the desired one
Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?
Aspirin
A 62 year old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should?
Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg
A 37 year old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respiration's are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the pt, a police officer hands you a medication names Alupent which he found in the backseat of the pt's car. This medication suggest that the pt has a history ?
Asthma
A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:
Asthma
An EMT may administer aspirin to a pt if?
Authorization from medical control has been obtained.
7. An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: A) the patient is currently experiencing hypotension. B) authorization from medical control has been obtained. C) transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes. D) the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke.
B
Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:
place her in a supine position.
Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:
prevents the aggregation of platelets.
A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:
recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:
relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.
The form the manufacturer chooses for a medication ensures:
the proper route of the medication, the timing of the medication's release into the bloodstream, and the medication's effects on target organs or body systems.
