EMT Chapter 12 Knowledge Objectives

Anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic - life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction

cardiogenic shock

Caused by inadequate heart function (pump not moving enough blood). This will cause backup of blood into the lungs, known as *pulmonary edema*

Obstructive shock

Caused by mechanical obstruction. Most common examples are: cardiac tamponade (*INDICATED BY BECK TRIAD*): When blood fills pericardial sack and heart can't pump. Beck triad is *JVD, narrowing pulse pressure and muffled heart sounds* Tension pneumothorax: lung collapse and air pressures heart Pulmonary embolism: Blood clot in pulmonary circulation prevents blood from getting to lungs

Septic Shock

Caused by severe infection toxins damage vessel walls, preventing them from contracting

Describe the signs and symptoms of shock including compensated and decompensated

Compensated shock: Altered mental status, weak/rapid/thready pulse, pale/cool/clammy skin, delayed CRT, thirst, feeling of impending doom Decompensated shock: Falling BP, mottled/cyanotic skin, labored/irregular breathing

Describe the steps to follow in the emergency care of the patient with various types of shock

Control all obvious external bleeding (tourniquets, bandages, pressure)]

Distributive shock

Distributive - Results when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both. The circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases. Can be caused by burns or toxicity *Caused by septic, anaphylactic, psychogenic or neurogenic shock*

Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic - shock resulting from blood or fluid loss

Neurogenic shock

Neurogenic - Damage to the spinal cord, particularly at the upper cervical levels, may cause significant injury to the part of the nervous system that controls the size and muscular tone of the blood vessels.

Psychogenic shock

Psychogenic - A sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting, or syncope.

Discuss the key components of patient assessment for shock

Same as usual

Identify the causes of shock

Several medical or traumatic events

Describe the pathophysiology of shock (hypoperfusion)

State of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system. When the circulation of blood in the body becomes inadequate, the oxygen and nutrient needs of the cells cannot be met.