emt chapter 33-36 review

Know about patients with autism

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps.

Why would an elderly patient understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness?

he or she fears hospitalization

EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor. The EMTs should:

inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable.

By placing one hand on your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

is sick

Motor nerve neuropathy is characterized by

loss of balance, muscle weakness, and spasms.

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to

lower the pitch of your voice

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

observe for conditions that may make the residence unsafe.

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include:

positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient.

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years old

Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the:

brain

Know about early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient

Abnormal airway noise, accessory muscle use, retractions, head bobbing, and nasal flaring.

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

Breech Presentation: the buttocks are delivered first Prolapsed Cord: the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the fetus.

What is the treatment of a 2-month-old infant that is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. You should:

Call medical control to decide whether to start CPR

Know about bruising and child abuse

Child abuse occurs in every socioeconomic status, be aware of patients surroundings. Use the mnemonic 'CHILD ABUSE' to assess the situation

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by

Contractions are not regular and do not increase in intensity or frequency. Contractions come and go. Pain and contractions start and stay in the lower abdomen. Physical activity or a change in position may alleviate the pain. Bloody show, if present is brownish. If leakage of fluid occurs, it is usually urine. It will be in small amounts and smell of ammonia.

Know about gestational diabetes

Diabetes that develop during pregnancy

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse

EMTs must report all cases of suspected child abuse. Law enforcement and child protective agencies are mandated to investigate all reported cases. Take necessary precautions to protect yourself, your team, and the pediatric patient involved.

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with

Hypoxic and hearts slow down

A patient with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles." The EMTs should suspect:

a cervical spine injury

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

Keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

What contributes to or cause obesity?

May attribute to a low metabolic rate or genetic predisposition

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has MOST likely experienced a(n)

Pathologic fracture

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should:

Perform chest compressions is there is no pulse or if the heart rate is <60

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should

Place her in a left lateral recumbent position

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should

Place the woman supine with the foot end of the cot raised 6 -n12 inches higher than the head, with her hips elevated on a pillow or folded sheet.Carefully insert you sterile gloved hand into the vagina, and gently push the fetus's head away from the umbilical cord.

Know about shaken baby syndrome.

Pressure from the blood results in an increased cranial pressure, leading to coma or death.

When transporting a stable older patient to the hospital, the MOST effective way to reduce his or her anxiety is to

Sit them up or assume the tripod position and assist ventilation as needed

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

The placenta separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus

The umbilical cord:

a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta

Know about the delivery of twins.

Within 45 min. of the first Label baby A and baby B

How do you treat an injured child that is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should

You must ensure that the airway is properly positioned and that it is clear of mucus, vomitus, blood, and foreign bodies

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should

You should try to resuscitate

Know when to use padding for an injured patient.

Young children require padding under torso to maintain a neutral position.

Causes of delirium in the older patient include...

acute hipovolemia, low blood sugar level, decreased cerebral perfusion.

A 70-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should:

administer high flow oxygen

What should you do while assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath?

ask her how many pillows she uses when she sleeps.

When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient.

With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of:

compression fractures.

common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

EMTs are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old woman who is ill. The patient's daughter states that her mother almost fainted after going to the bathroom, and that her pulse was very slow. The patient's pulse rate is 80 beats/min and irregular and she is conscious and alert. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

experienced a vasovagal response.

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ________ pulse.

femoral

General care for a patient with a tracheostomy tube includes?

removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected.

When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to:

report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary.

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava

Know when a "silent" heart attack occurs

the usual chest pain is not present.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight

An infant is considered to be premature if it

weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation