EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body - Multiple Choice Questions (mostly)

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of: A beta-1 receptors. B beta-2 receptors. C alpha-1 receptors. D alpha-2 receptors.

A beta 1 receptors

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? A dermis B epidermis C sebaceous D subcutaneous

A dermis

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the: A. Clavicle B. Scapula C. Acromion D. Glenoid

B. Scapula

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? A. Cecum B. Spleen C. Liver D. Stomach

B. Spleen

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? A Anaerobic metabolism can be supported in most of the body's cells for up to 10 minutes. B Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited. C The body functions optimally and produces maximum ATP during anaerobic metabolism. D Without anaerobic metabolism, perfusion to the body would suffer and cellular death would occur.

B. Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.

The central nervous system is composed of the: A. spinal cord and sensory nerves. B. brain and spinal cord. C. motor and sensory nerves. D. brain and sensory nerves.

B. Brain and spinal cord

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in: A. Dilation of the blood vessels B. Constriction of the blood vessels C. Increased cardiac contractility D. Increased heart rate

B. Constriction of the blood vessels

The term​ "pathophysiology" means​ what? A. The effects of cancer on the body B. The study of the pathway of normal metabolism in the body C. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury D. The effect of normal metabolic activity on maintaining the​ body's systems

C. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? A. Reproductive B. Skeletal C. Endocrine D. Nervous

C. Endocrine

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes? Select one: A. Three B. Six C. Five D. Four

C. Five

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult? Select one: A. Use of the accessory muscles in the neck and cyanosis B. Cool, clammy skin and retractions above the clavicles C. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement D. Respirations of 30 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

C. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the: A. Left-side cerebrum B. Left parietal lobe C. Right-side cerebrum D. Right temporal lobe

C. Right-side cerebrum

The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________.

Sacrum

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the: A. Iliac crest B. Sacral symphysis C. Greater trochanter D. Sacroiliac joint

C. greater trochanter

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: A. oxygen. B. lactic acid. C. heat. D. nitrogen.

C. heat

The diaphragm is unique because it: Select one: A. does not receive impulses from the brain. B. is the exclusive muscle of breathing. C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle. D. does not have striations like skeletal muscle.

C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the: Select one: A. costal arch. B. angle of Louis. C. manubrium. D. xiphoid process.

C. manubrium.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: Select one: A. tibia. B. femur. C. patella. D. calcaneus.

C. patella.

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by: A producing the body's erythrocytes. B producing blood-clotting factors. C protecting the body from infection. D carrying oxygen and other nutrients.

C. protecting the body from infection

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system? Select one: A. Motor B. Vertebral C. Cranial D. Sensory

D. Sensory

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? A. Urinary system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Blood vessels D. Skeletal system

D. Skeletal system

Contraction of the right ventricle causes: Select one: A. a return of blood from the pulmonary veins. B. ejection of blood into the systemic circulation. C. closure of the mitral and aortic valves. D. blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation.

D. blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called: Select one: A. carpals. B. metatarsals C. metacarpals. D. phalanges.

D. phalanges.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: Select one: A. pulmonary arteries. B. inferior venae cavae. C. superior venae cavae. D. pulmonary veins.

D. pulmonary veins

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

midsagittal

Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio?

pulmonary embolism

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

seven

the movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called:

ventilation

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle

How many bones comprise the face?

14

How many bones comprise the human skeleton?

206

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21% and 16%

The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

4

The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

5

The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together.

5

there are a total of __ lobes in the right and left lungs

5

The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae.

12

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? A The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance. B Both kidneys are located in the anterior abdominal cavity and lie in between the liver and the spleen. C Because the kidneys require little oxygen, only 5% of the body's blood volume passes through them each minute. D A series of small blood vessels attach the kidneys directly to the superior vena cava and renal arteries.

A The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct? Select one: A. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted. B. Agonal respirations typically occur before the heart stops. C. Agonal respirations result in excessive tidal volume. D. Agonal respirations are characterized by fast, irregular breaths.

A. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one: A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Hypothalamus D. Cerebrum

A. Cerebellum

The elbow is an example of a ______ joint A. Hinge B. Gliding C. Ball-and-socket D. Saddle

A. Hinge

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? A. Mastoid B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Zygoma

A. Mastoid

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct? Select one: A. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients. B. Most of the body's plasma is contained within the large veins. C. Plasma has no role in the body's blood-clotting mechanism. D. Approximately 45% of the blood is composed of plasma.

A. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. B. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. C. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. D. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease.

A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. costal arch D. costovertebral angle

A. diaphragm

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called: Select one: A. diffusion. B. breathing. C. ventilation. D. osmosis.

A. diffusion.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: A. foramen magnum. B. spinous foramen. C. foramen ovale. D. vertebral foramen.

A. foramen magnum

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: A. minute volume is decreased. B. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. inspiratory reserve is increased.

A. minute volume is decreased

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the: Select one: A. myocardium. B. endocardium. C. pericardium. D. epicardium.

A. myocardium.

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. A. orbit B. sphenoid C. mastoid D. occiput

A. orbit

The bones of the forearm are called the: Select one: A. radius and ulna. B. humerus and ulna. C. radius and humerus. D. tibia and radius.

A. radius and ulna.

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: A. Sinoatrial node B. Bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. Atrioventricular node

A. sinoatrial node

The axial skeleton is composed of the: Select one: A. skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column. B. lower part of the torso and the legs. C. arms, legs, and pelvis. D. bones that constitute the pelvic girdle.

A. skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: A. the cells function with adequate oxygen. B. the cells function without oxygen. C. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. D. circulating blood glucose levels fall.

A. the cells function with adequate oxygen

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the: A. ureters. B. renal duct. C. urethra. D. prostate.

A. ureters

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the: A pancreas. B thyroid gland. C adrenal gland. D parathyroid gland.

B thyroid gland

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they: A are protected by the anterior rib cage. B are located behind the abdominal cavity. C sit in front of the liver, spleen, and stomach. D lie just anterior to the costovertebral angle.

B are located behind the abdominal cavity

Which of the following are central pulses? Select one: A. Popliteal and ulnar B. Femoral and carotid C. Brachial and radial D. Temporal and pedal

B. Femoral and carotid

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the: A. Hypocarbic drive B. Hypoxic drive C. Pneumotaxic drive D. Oxyhemoglobin drive

B. Hypoxic drive

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? A. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. B. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. C. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. D. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.

B. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? A. Hypovolemic B. Obstructive C. Cardiogenic D. Neurogenic

B. Obstructive

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: Select one: A. bronchi. B. alveoli. C. pleura. D. capillaries.

B. alveoli.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct? Select one: A. The heart can tolerate an interruption of oxygen for 5 minutes. B. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. C. The heart relies on an external electrical source to function correctly. D. The heart receives its blood supply from the pulmonary arteries.

B. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes? A. To connect the ovaries B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus C. To supply blood to the uterine lining D. To produce progesterone and estrogen

B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Both areas of the pons are used to: A. Ensure that the lungs do not overinflate during breathing B. Augment respirations during emotional or physical stress C. Provide forced inspiration or expiration as needed D. Set the base rate and depth of breathing in a healthy person

B. augment respirations during emotional or physical stress

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: A. glucose and lactic acid. B. carbon dioxide and water. C. ATP and glucose. D. uric acid and nitrogen.

B. carbon dioxide and water

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: A. assessment. B. disease. C. protocol. D. medication.

B. disease

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during: Select one: A. ventilation. B. inhalation. C. exhalation. D. respiration.

B. inhalation.

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes: Select one: A. insulin. B. pancreatic juice. C. glucose. D. bile.

B. pancreatic juice.

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: Select one: A. bundle of His. B. sinoatrial node. C. atrioventricular node. D. Purkinje fibers.

B. sinoatrial node.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the: Select one: A. pancreas. B. small intestine. C. gallbladder. D. large intestine.

B. small intestine.

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the: Select one: A. liver. B. spleen. C. pancreas. D. kidney.

B. spleen.

Cardiac output is composed​ of: A. blood pressure. B. stroke volume and heart rate. C. systemic vascular resistance​ (SVR) and heart rate. D. blood pressure and heart rate

B. stroke volume and heart rate.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: A. stomach. B. kidneys. C. gallbladder. D. pancreas.

C gallbladder

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? A. aorta B. femoral C. pulmonary D. renal

C pulmonary

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume. Select one: A. 40 to 50 mL B. 90 to 100 mL C. 70 to 80 mL D. 100 to 120 mL

C. 70 to 80 mL

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space? Select one: A. Ascending aorta B. Spleen C. Kidneys D. Gallbladder

C. Kidneys

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. Pressure and pain perception B. Sensory reception C. Metabolic coordination D. Temperature regulation

C. Metabolic coordination

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the: Select one: A. femoral condyle. B. ilium. C. acetabulum. D. ischium.

C. acetabulum.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the: Select one: A. brachial. B. carotid. C. aorta. D. femoral.

C. aorta.

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the: A. Anterior tibial B. Posterior tibial C. Dorsalis pedis D. Ventral pedis

C. dorsalis pedis

The primary function of the right atrium is to: Select one: A. pump blood to the pulmonary artery. B. pump blood to the lungs for reoxygenation. C. receive blood from the vena cava. D. receive blood from the pulmonary veins.

C. receive blood from the vena cava.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by: Select one: A. blood pressure. B. heart rate only. C. stroke volume and heart rate. D. stroke volume only.

C. stroke volume and heart rate.

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause: Select one: A. vascular dilation and tachycardia. B. vascular constriction and bradycardia. C. vascular constriction and tachycardia. D. vascular dilation and bradycardia.

C. vascular constriction and tachycardia.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: A. atrial contraction. B. ventricular relaxation. C. ventricular contraction. D. ventricular filling.

C. ventricular contraction

Which of the following is NOT a part of the life cycle of sperm? A Produced in specialized cells and ducts in the male testicle B Develops and matures in the epididymis C Carried through the vasa deferentia to the urethra during ejaculation D Deposited by the seminal vesicles

D Deposited by the seminal vesicles

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include: A. Acetylcholine and insulin B. Norepinephrine and acetylcholine C. Glucagon and noradrenaline D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

D epinephrine and norepinephrine

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system. Select one: A. 3 L B. 5 L C. 4 L D. 6 L

D. 6 L.

During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to​ as: A. aerobic metabolism. B. edema development. C. lactic acid production. D. hypoperfusion.

D. hypoperfusion

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the: Select one: A. sacrum and ischium. B. pubis and acetabulum. C. ilium, pubis, and sacrum. D. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

D. ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): A. Increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid B. Decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid C. Decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid D. Increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. Select one: A. thoracic B. lumbar C. coccyx D. sacrum

D. sacrum

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the: A. Central nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Involuntary nervous system D. Somatic nervous system

D. somatic nervous system

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the: Select one: A. tunica intima. B. lumen. C. tunica adventitia. D. tunica media.

D. tunica media.

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

cricoid cartilage

What are the two main portions of the skeletal system?

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

calcium

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

clavicle, scapula, humerus