EMT Chapters: 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2 Chapter 28, page 998, Patient Assessment

3

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: A. 98°F (37°C). B. 88°F (31°C). C. 95°F (35°C). D. 90°F (32°C). Chapter 32, page 1144, Cold Exposure

95°F (35°C).

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death? A. Aortic dissection B. Myocardial contusion C. Aortic rupture D. Pulmonary contusion Chapter 29, page 1035, Injuries of the Chest

Aortic rupture

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? A. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg B. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min C. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds D. Pulse rate greater than 120/min Chapter 34, page 1254, Circulation Emergencies and Management

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? A. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver B. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene C. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury D. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution Chapter 34, page 1269, Child Abuse and Neglect

Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________. A. SAMPLE B. OPQRST C. DCAP-BTLS D. AVPU Chapter 27, page 953, Patient Assessment

DCAP-BTLS

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? A. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. B. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night. C. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy. D. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. Chapter 34, page 1271, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade? A. Diminished breath sounds B. Widening pulse pressure C. Engorged jugular veins D. A rapid, irregular pulse Chapter 29, page 1045, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

Engorged jugular veins

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct? A. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head. B. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury. C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury. D. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head. Chapter 28, page 988, Head Injuries

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? A. It is a clear, watery fluid that is located in front of the lens and can be replaced if it is lost. B. It is a clear, watery fluid surrounding the eye and can be replaced if it is lost. C. It is a clear fluid that is produced by the lacrimal glands and cannot be replaced if it is lost. D. It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost. Chapter 27, page 949, Anatomy and Physiology

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation? A. General weakness and diaphoresis B. Syncope and bleeding at distal sites C. Signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion D. Local swelling and ecchymosis Chapter 32, page 1170, Bites and Envenomations

Local swelling and ecchymosis

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? A. Somatic B. Central C. Autonomic D. Sensory Chapter 28, page 984, Anatomy and Physiology

Somatic

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia? A. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose. B. The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C). C. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water. D. The body eliminates more heat than it can generate. Chapter 32, pages 1150-1151, Heat Exposure

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure? A. Increased rate with a normal inspiratory time and a prolonged expiratory time B. Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea C. Slow, shallow, occasional gasps that progress to prolonged periods of apnea D. Increased rate and depth with the distinct odor of acetone on the patient's breath Chapter 28, page 989, Head Injuries

The correct answer is: Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct? A. They are usually caused by a fracture of the basilar skull. B. They cause blood to drain into the posterior pharynx. C. They are usually severe and require aggressive treatment to control. D. They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly. Chapter 27, page 965, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? A. What time did the ingestion occur? B. Why did your child ingest the poison? C. Do you know what substance was ingested? D. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? Chapter 34, page 1258, Poisoning Emergencies and Management

Why did your child ingest the poison?

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: A. a blowout fracture. B. a lacerated globe. C. optic vessel compression. D. a ruptured eyeball. Chapter 27, page 963, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

a blowout fracture.

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is: A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. B. a progressively lowering blood pressure. C. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury. D. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate Chapter 28, page 1000, Patient Assessment

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. decerebrate posturing. B. a rapid, thready pulse. C. widening pulse pressure. D. CSF leakage from the ears. Chapter 28, page 986, Head Injuries

a rapid, thready pulse.

A flail chest occurs when: A. more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest. B. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage. C. a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase. D. multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage. Chapter 29, page 1045, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is: A. tightness in the chest. B. difficulty with vision. C. dizziness and nausea. D. abdominal or joint pain. Chapter 32, page 1161, Diving Emergencies

abdominal or joint pain.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: A. excessive tearing. B. moist oral mucosa. C. absent urine output. D. bulging fontanelles. Chapter 34, page 1259, Poisoning Emergencies and Management

absent urine output.

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: A. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam. B. recognize that he needs a needle decompression. C. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital. D. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest. Chapter 29, page 1043, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. C. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula. Chapter 34, page 1230, Patient Assessment

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother

An open pneumothorax occurs when: A. air enters the pleural space from outside the body. B. air enters the pleural space from a perforated lung. C. a fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung. D. extreme pleural pressure causes the lung to rupture. Chapter 29, page 1041, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is: A. cervical spine injury. B. airway compromise. C. mandibular immobility. D. damage to the eyes. Chapter 27, page 951, Injuries of the Face and Neck

airway compromise.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: A. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. B. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child. Chapter 34, page 1227, Patient Assessment

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should: A. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. B. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds. C. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae. D. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm. Chapter 32, page 1147, Assessment of Cold Injuries

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: A. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible. B. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries. C. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment. D. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest. Chapter 32, page 1166, Lightning

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: A. at the feet. B. in the ambulance. C. en route to the hospital. D. at the head. Chapter 34, page 1220, Growth and Development

at the feet.

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of: A. hyperflexion. B. hyperextension. C. distraction. D. axial loading. Chapter 28, page 992, Patient Assessment

axial loading.

Pale skin in a child indicates that the: A. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. B. child's core body temperature is elevated. C. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. D. child is in severe decompensated shock. Chapter 34, page 1225, Anatomy and Physiology

blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______. A. penetrating trauma B. flying debris C. high-velocity weapons D. blunt trauma Chapter 29, page 1034 Injuries of the Chest

blunt trauma

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the: A. cerebrum and meninges. B. cerebellum and brain. C. brain and spinal cord. D. meninges and spinal cord. Chapter 28, page 981, Anatomy and Physiology

brain and spinal cord.

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash. B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse. C. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. D. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. Chapter 32, page 1172, Bites and Envenomations

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the: A. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. B. thoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, and sacral. C. cervical, coccygeal, thoracic, sacral, and lumbar. D. coccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical. Chapter 28, page 985, Anatomy and Physiology

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: A. convection. B. evaporation. C. radiation. D. conduction. Chapter 32, page 1142, Cold Exposure

conduction.

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing: A. a detached retina. B. conjunctivitis. C. a corneal abrasion. D. acute retinitis. Chapter 27, page 957, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

conjunctivitis

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: A. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. B. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. C. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. Chapter 34, page 1261, Fever Emergencies and Management

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: A. bronchitis. B. asthma. C. epiglottitis. D. croup. Chapter 34, page 1244, Respiratory Emergencies and Management

croup

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: A. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. B. water in the lungs following submersion in water. C. temporary survival after submersion in water. D. death from suffocation after submersion in water. Chapter 32, page 1157, Drowning

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the: A. diaphragm. B. intercostal margin. C. costovertebral angle. D. anterior rib cage. Chapter 29, page 1033, Anatomy and Physiology

diaphragm.

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with: A. direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings. B. ice packs and elevation of the patient's head. C. digital pressure to an adjacent pulse point. D. pressure dressings and chemical ice packs. Chapter 27, page 955, Emergency Medical Care

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: A. extreme restlessness. B. skin that is cool and dry. C. drooling or congestion. D. acute respiratory distress. Chapter 34, page 1241, Respiratory Emergencies and Management

drooling or congestion.

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hot items on a stovetop. B. entrapment in a structural fire. C. scalding water in a bathtub. D. exposure to caustic chemicals. Chapter 34, page 1266, Pediatric Trauma Emergencies and Management

entrapment in a structural fire.

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: A. evaporation. B. convection. C. radiation. D. conduction. Chapter 32, pages 1142-1143, Cold Exposure

evaporation.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: A. sensory response, pupil reaction, and heart rate. B. verbal response, eye opening, and mental status. C. eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. D. mental status, eye opening, and respiratory rate. Chapter 28, page 997, Patient Assessment

eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT: A. frostbite. B. immersion foot. C. trench foot. D. frostnip. Chapter 32, page 1145, Cold Exposure

frostbite

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should: A. assist ventilations with a BVM device, immobilize her spine, suction her oropharynx for 30 seconds, and transport. B. fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport. C. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, suction her airway as needed, disregard the dislodged teeth, and transport. D. fully immobilize her spine, irrigate her empty tooth sockets, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, and transport. Chapter 27, page 970, Emergency Medical Care for Specific The correct answer is:

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of: Select one: A. falls. B. compression. C. hangings. D. diving. Chapter 28, page 991, Spine Injuries

hangings.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: A. regularly sees a family physician. B. noticed the change during a meal. C. has a history of eye surgeries. D. is allergic to any medications. Chapter 27, page 954, Patient Assessment

has a history of eye surgeries.

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. B. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. C. immediately report your suspicions to the parents. D. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury. Chapter 34, page 1271, Child Abuse and Neglect

have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. tachycardia. B. headache. C. hot, dry skin. D. nausea. Chapter 32, pages 1151-1152, Heat Exposure

hot, dry skin.

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. poisonings or ingestion. B. infection. C. hyperglycemia. D. electrolyte imbalances. Chapter 34, page 1256, Neurologic Emergencies and Management

hyperglycemia

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: A. immediately request ALS support. B. insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. perform a focused secondary exam. D. obtain a set of baseline vital signs. Chapter 29, page 1044, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

immediately request ALS support.

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: A. results from a laceration to the brain tissue. B. does not cause pressure within the skull. C. involves physical injury to the brain tissue. D. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness. Chapter 28, pages 990-991, Head Injuries

involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should: A. flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport. B. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water. C. neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with an alkaline chemical. D. mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution. Chapter 27, pages 960-961, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A simple pneumothorax: A. often has a nontraumatic cause. B. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma. C. is caused by penetrating chest trauma. D. heals on its own without any treatment. Chapter 29, page 1042, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless: A. sensory and motor functions remain intact. B. it causes a problem managing the airway. C. lateral immobilization has been applied. D. the patient adamantly denies neck pain. Chapter 28, page 994, Patient Assessment

it causes a problem managing the airway.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless: A. the patient must be placed onto a long backboard. B. the patient complains of severe neck or back pain. C. it interferes with your assessment of the airway. D. the helmet is equipped with a full face shield or visor. Chapter 28, page 1018, Helmet Removal

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

When a light is shone into the pupil: A. both pupils should dilate together. B. it should become larger in size. C. the opposite pupil should dilate. D. it should become smaller in size. Chapter 27, page 950, Anatomy and Physiology

it should become smaller in size.

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated: A. over the mastoid process. B. slightly above the ear. C. at the angle of the jaw. D. just anterior to the tragus. Chapter 27, page 947, Anatomy and Physiology

just anterior to the tragus

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a: A. laceration of the aorta. B. tension pneumothorax. C. pericardial tamponade. D. massive hemothorax. Chapter 29, page 1048, Other Chest Injuries

laceration of the aorta.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should: A. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water. B. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions. C. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma. D. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status. Chapter 32, page 1156, Management of Heat Emergencies

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

The upper jawbones are called the: A. maxillae. B. zygoma. C. mandible. D. mastoid. Chapter 27, page 947, Anatomy and Physiology

maxillae.

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm: A. may rise as high as the nipple line. B. contracts and flattens inferiorly. C. descends below the level of the navel. D. is less prone to penetrating trauma. Chapter 29, page 1031, Anatomy and Physiology

may rise as high as the nipple line.

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she: A. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume. B. will eliminate more carbon dioxide than if he or she were breathing deeply. C. often breathes at a slower rate because of lung damage caused by the injury. D. will maintain adequate minute volume if his or her respiratory rate stays the same. Chapter 29, page 1034, Mechanics of Ventilation

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: A. premature phase. B. start of infancy. C. toddler period. D. neonatal period. Chapter 34, page 1219, Growth and Development

neonatal period.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the: A. renal system. B. nervous system. C. respiratory system. D. cardiovascular system. Chapter 32, page 1167, Bites and Envenomations

nervous system.

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: A. palpate for a carotid pulse. B. categorize him as immediate. C. deliver 5 rescue breaths. D. categorize him as deceased. Chapter 34, page 1268, Disaster Management

palpate for a carotid pulse.

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in: A. paralysis of the intercostal muscles. B. paralysis of all the respiratory muscles. C. immediate cardiac arrest. D. paralysis of the diaphragm. Chapter 29, page 1031, Anatomy and Physiology

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should: A. begin ventilatory assistance. B. partially remove the dressing. C. call for a paramedic ambulance. D. begin rapid transport at once. Chapter 29, pages 1041-1042, Complications and Management of Chest Injuries

partially remove the dressing.

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a: A. cardiac tamponade. B. flail chest. C. pneumothorax. D. myocardial contusion. Chapter 29, page 1037, Patient Assessment

pneumothorax.

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by: A. possible spinal injury. B. alcohol intoxication. C. cold-water immersion. D. an air embolism. Chapter 32, page 1157, Drowning

possible spinal injury.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: A. prepare for immediate transport. B. apply an AED and assess his BP. C. apply bulky dressings to the sternum. D. determine if he has cardiac problems. Chapter 29, page 1047, Other Chest Injuries

prepare for immediate transport.

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______. A. patient history B. scene size-up C. secondary assessment D. primary assessment Chapter 29, page 1037, Patient Assessment

primary assessment

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: A. protect the affected part from further injury. B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. D. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water. Chapter 32, page 1150, General Management of Cold Emergencies

protect the affected part from further injury.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect: A. massive hemothorax. B. tension pneumothorax. C. pulmonary contusion. D. traumatic asphyxia. Chapter 29, page 1047, Other Chest Injuries

pulmonary contusion.

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT: A. shunting of blood to vital organs. B. increase in heart rate. C. dilation of the bronchiole smooth muscle. D. pupillary constriction. Chapter 28, page 984, Anatomy and Physiology

pupillary constriction.

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is: A. careful monitoring her vital signs. B. rapidly transporting her to the hospital. C. requesting a paramedic ambulance. D. quickly immobilizing her spinal column. Chapter 27, pages 970-971, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

rapidly transporting her to the hospital.

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: A. significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater. B. a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure. C. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head. D. fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. Chapter 28, page 987, Head Injuries

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: A. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. B. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. C. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. D. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling. Chapter 34, page 1262, Pediatric Trauma Emergencies and

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: A. weak. B. slow. C. irregular. D. rapid. Chapter 28, page 995, Patient Assessment

slow.

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for : A. airway obstruction. B. displaced mandible. C. basilar skull fracture. D. spinal column injury. Chapter 27, page 953, Patient Assessment

spinal column injury

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should: A. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department. B. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-valve mask, and contact medical control for further guidance. C. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber. D. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: A. immobilize his spine and transport immediately. B. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. C. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. D. assist his ventilations with a BVM. Chapter 28, page 1001, Emergency Medical Care of Head Injuries

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. headache and fever. B. altered mental status. C. sunken fontanelles. D. a stiff or painful neck. Chapter 34, page 1257, Neurologic Emergencies and Management

sunken fontanelles.

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: A. full-thickness. B. third-degree. C. partial-thickness. D. superficial. Chapter 32, page 1166, Lightning

superficial

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include: A. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. B. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. C. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly. D. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin. Chapter 32, page 1170, Bites and Envenomations

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______. A. agonal respirations B. Kussmaul respirations C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations D. tachypnea Chapter 29, page 1036, Injuries of the Chest

tachypnea

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: A. rely solely on the parent for information. B. refrain from taking a blood pressure. C. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. D. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. Chapter 34, page 1222, Growth and Development

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is: A. the four-person log roll. B. the direct patient carry. C. the use of a scoop stretcher. D. the clothes drag. Chapter 28, page 1007, Preparation for Transport

the four-person log roll.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until: A. an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied. B. the patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher. C. the head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization. D. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard. Chapter 28, page 1017, Emergency Medical Care of Spinal Injuries

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

The Adam's apple is: A. the lower part of the larynx that is formed by the cricoid cartilage. B. the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage. C. the small indentation in between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. D. below the thyroid cartilage and forms the upper part of the trachea. Chapter 27, page 948, Anatomy and Physiology

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Children are often "belly breathers" because _______. A. they are routinely hypoxic B. they are consciously controlling ventilations C. their diaphragm is not functional D. their intercostal muscles are not developed Chapter 29, pages 1031-1032, Anatomy and Physiology

their intercostal muscles are not developed

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: A. they must make arrangements for an ICU bed. B. they may need to call a specialist to see the patient. C. it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital. D. most patients with facial trauma will need surgery. Chapter 27, page 955, Patient Assessment

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient.

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: A. too rapid of a descent. B. too rapid of an ascent. C. alcohol consumption. D. cold water temperature. Chapter 32, page 1161, Diving Emergencies

too rapid of an ascent.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: A. transport her to the emergency department. B. use tweezers to try to remove the object. C. thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline. D. remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. Chapter 27, page 969, Emergency Medical Care for Specific Injuries

transport her to the emergency department.

If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ________. A. vomiting B. hypotension C. GI trauma D. altered LOC Chapter 27, page 955, Emergency Medical Care

vomiting

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to: A. consider the mechanism of injury. B. manually stabilize the patient's head. C. closely assess the patient's airway. D. wear gloves and facial protection. Chapter 27, pages 951-952, Patient Assessment

wear gloves and facial protection.