EMT: Exam 6 - Chapters 17-20
Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm. Select one: A. cardiac B. sympathetic C. respiratory D. parasympathetic
B
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. Mallory-Weiss tear. B. esophageal varices. C. esophagitis. D. acute pancreatitis.
A
A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. aortic aneurysm. B. strangulated hernia. C. acute pancreatitis. D. kidney stones.
A
A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________. Select one: A. diabetic ketoacidosis B. hyperglycemic crisis C. hypoglycemic crisis D. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
A
Chronic renal failure is a condition that: Select one: A. is often caused by hypertension or diabetes. B. occurs from conditions such as dehydration. C. can be reversed with prompt treatment. D. causes dehydration from excessive urination.
A
During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that: Select one: A. he has hemophilia A. B. he has thrombophilia. C. his blood clots too quickly. D. he has a thrombosis.
A
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: Select one: A. wheezing and hypotension are present. B. the reaction produces severe urticarial. C. a paramedic is present at the scene. D. the patient is anxious and tachycardic.
A
Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in: Select one: A. leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity. B. profound shock due to severe internal bleeding. C. pain secondary to blood in the peritoneum. D. impairment in the blood's clotting abilities.
A
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration. Select one: A. 1 minute B. 30 minutes C. 1 hour D. 30 seconds
A
The left cerebral hemisphere controls: Select one: A. the right side of the body. B. the right side of the face. C. breathing and blood pressure. D. heart rate and pupil reaction.
A
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure: Select one: A. is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes. B. is easily differentiated from that of acute hypoglycemia. C. progressively worsens over a period of a few hours. D. typically does not improve, even after several minutes.
A
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the: Select one: A. brain stem. B. cerebral cortex. C. cerebrum. D. cerebellum.
A
When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the: Select one: A. rate and depth of breathing. B. rate of the patient's pulse. C. presence of a medical identification tag. D. patient's mental status.
A
When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should: Select one: A. ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment. B. ask the patient to hold his or her arms up with the palms down. C. expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patient's side. D. observe movement of the arms for approximately 2 minutes.
A
When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a: Select one: A. recumbent position with the paralyzed side down. B. supine position with the legs elevated 6 feet to 12 feet. C. recumbent position with the paralyzed side up. D. sitting position with the head at a 45° to 90° angle.
A
Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure? Select one: A. A seizure that begins in one extremity B. A seizure that causes the patient to stare blankly C. A generalized seizure without incontinence D. A seizure that is not preceded by an aura
A
Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea? Select one: A. Low-flow oxygen B. Cricoid pressure C. Oral glucose D. Positive-pressure ventilation
A
Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately? Select one: A. Upper airway swelling B. Severe hypotension C. Systemic vasodilation D. Diffuse urticaria
A
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space? Select one: A. Pancreas B. Gallbladder C. Liver D. Spleen
A
Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes? Select one: A. Weight loss and polyuria B. Low blood glucose level C. Total lack of appetite D. Weight gain and edema
A
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway? Select one: A. Stridor B. Wheezing C. Rales D. Rhonchi
A
Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct? Select one: A. The 1:1000 concentration should be used. B. The maximum single adult dose is 0.15 mg. C. The preferred injection site is the upper arm. D. The IM route should not be used in children.
A
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. B. Most cells will function normally without glucose. C. Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin. D. The brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.
A
You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should: Select one: A. suction her oropharynx and transport immediately. B. administer one tube of oral glucose and transport. C. assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask. D. insert an oral airway, apply oxygen, and transport.
A
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should: Select one: A. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible. B. assess the patient for a facial droop and hemiparesis. C. perform CPR for 5 minutes before applying the AED. D. obtain a blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia.
A
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: Select one: A. 8. B. 7. C. 9. D. 6.
A
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: Select one: A. the stinger should quickly be removed with tweezers. B. it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. C. the body's immune system deactivates the bee's venom. D. the toxicity of the venom decreases within 10 minutes.
B
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? Select one: A. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance. B. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. C. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine. D. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine tablets that you can administer.
B
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: Select one: A. determine the exact location and cause of his pain. B. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock. C. assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy. D. transport him in a supine position.
B
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she: Select one: A. is older than 60 years of age. B. has bleeding within the brain. C. has a GCS score that is less than 8. D. has had a prior heart attack.
B
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing: Select one: A. paraplegia. B. dysarthria. C. aphasia. D. dysphagia.
B
A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: Select one: A. a pustule. B. a wheal. C. purpura. D. urticaria.
B
A strangulated hernia is one that: Select one: A. can be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs. B. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. C. is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours. D. spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention.
B
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain? Select one: A. Liver B. Kidney C. Gallbladder D. Pancreas
B
Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should: Select one: A. notify medical control of your action. B. properly dispose of the syringe. C. record the time and dose given. D. reassess the patient's vital signs.
B
Ketone production is the result of: Select one: A. rapid entry of glucose across the cell membrane. B. fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable. C. blood glucose levels higher than 120 mg/dL. D. acidosis when blood glucose levels are low.
B
The normal blood glucose level is between: Select one: A. 60 and 80 mg/dL. B. 80 and 120 mg/dL. C. 160 and 200 mg/dL. D. 30 and 150 mg/dL.
B
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for: Select one: A. respiratory distress. B. a seizure. C. a febrile convulsion. D. an acute stroke.
B
Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? Select one: A. Alcoholism B. Blindness C. Hepatitis B D. Depression
B
Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies? Select one: A. Liver B. Spleen C. Pancreas D. Kidney
B
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? Select one: A. Stomach B. Liver C. Appendix D. Gallbladder
B
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct? Select one: A. Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis. B. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness. C. Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis. D. The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water.
B
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should: Select one: A. be assertive and talk the patient down. B. retreat at once and call law enforcement. C. contact medical control for instructions. D. calm him down so you can assess him.
B
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: Select one: A. a small cerebral artery ruptures and causes minimal damage. B. signs and symptoms resolve spontaneously within 48 hours. C. a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. D. medications are given to dissolve a cerebral blood clot.
C
At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as __________. Select one: A. a large area of red, blotchy skin B. a series of small, raised pustules C. a raised, well-defined area of the skin D. an uncomfortable depression in the skin
C
Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following? Select one: A. Initiate basic life support measures, including the use of an automated external defibrillator, if necessary. B. Position the patient's airway and initiate positive-pressure ventilations. C. Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature. D. Routine spinal immobilization due to the potential for traumatic injury
C
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include: Select one: A. warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations. B. cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations. C. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations. D. warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.
C
Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called: Select one: A. dysphasia. B. polydipsia. C. polyphagia. D. dyspepsia.
C
In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: Select one: A. is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen. B. lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the solid abdominal organs contract. C. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. D. is less likely to become inflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves.
C
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is: Select one: A. severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2. B. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply. C. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood. D. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels.
C
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose? Select one: A. A conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting B. An unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin C. A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor D. A semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex
C
When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine: Select one: A. approximately how much water the patient drank that day. B. if there is a family history of diabetes or related conditions. C. if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress. D. the name of the physician who prescribed his or her insulin.
C
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? Select one: A. Intracranial bleeding B. Hypoglycemia C. Hypovolemia D. A postictal state
C
Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function? Select one: A. Small intestine B. Large intestine C. Spleen D. Stomach
C
Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient? Select one: A. Never perform a secondary assessment on a high-priority patient. B. Never contact medical direction before completing the secondary assessment. C. You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment. D. The secondary assessment must be performed prior to transport.
C
Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction? Select one: A. Bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction B. Blocking of further histamine release C. Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation D. Bronchodilation and vasodilation
C
Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction? Select one: A. Flushed, itching, or burning skin B. A sense of impending doom C. Tightness in the chest or throat D. All of these answers are correct.
C
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct? Select one: A. Because of their abnormal shape, red blood cells in patients with sickle cell disease are less apt to lodge in a blood vessel. B. The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell disease are round and contain hemoglobin. C. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen. D. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that causes the blood to clot too quickly.
C
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: Select one: A. high-flow oxygen and transport. B. ventilatory assistance and transport. C. recovery position and transport. D. oral glucose gel and transport.
C
Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect: Select one: A. aortic aneurysm. B. kidney stones. C. peptic ulcer disease. D. pneumonia.
C
You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. oxygen. B. glucagon. C. dextrose. D. insulin.
D
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: Select one: A. position her legs well above the level of her heart. B. request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine. C. advise her to see her physician as soon as possible. D. administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
D
Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. acetone breath odor. B. warm, dry skin. C. rapid, thready pulse. D. cool, clammy skin.
D
In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes: Select one: A. is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body. B. is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. C. occurs when antibodies attack insulin-producing cells. D. is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.
D
Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: Select one: A. pancreas. B. kidneys. C. brain. D. liver.
D
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to: Select one: A. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles. B. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position. C. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent. D. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
D
Solid abdominal organs include the: Select one: A. gallbladder and large intestine. B. urinary bladder, colon, and ureters. C. stomach and small intestine. D. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.
D
The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is: Select one: A. giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion. B. positioning the patient on his or her side. C. administering high-flow oxygen. D. transporting the patient without delay.
D
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg. Select one: A. 0.03; 0.3 B. 0.01; 0.1 C. 0.1; 0.01 D. 0.3; 0.15
D
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by: Select one: A. retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium. B. accommodating a large amount of blood volume. C. eliminating toxic waste products from the body. D. removing sodium and water from the body.
D
The spinal cord exits the cranium through the: Select one: A. foramen lamina. B. cauda equina. C. vertebral foramen. D. foramen magnum.
D
When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will __________. Select one: A. protect itself B. go on alert C. attempt to inactivate the foreign substance D. All of these answers are correct.
D
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for: Select one: A. 15 seconds. B. 5 seconds. C. 20 seconds. D. 10 seconds.
D
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain? Select one: A. Ruptured cerebral artery in the occipital lobe B. Reduced blood supply to the left hemisphere C. Blocked cerebral artery in the frontal lobe D. Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest
D
Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? Select one: A. Massive stroke B. Head trauma C. Brain tumor D. Poisoning
D
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction? Select one: A. A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee B. A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen C. A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex D. A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
D
You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: Select one: A. place her in the recovery position and transport her with lights and siren. B. administer one tube of oral glucose and prepare for immediate transport. C. give her small cups of water to drink and observe for further seizure activity. D. monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.
D
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should: Select one: A. administer a nebulized bronchodilator to improve the status of her breathing. B. monitor her en route to the hospital and call medical control if she worsens. C. crush up an antihistamine tablet and place it in between her cheek and gum. D. request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.
D