EMT Exams 6 & 7

When placing the V leads on a patient for an ECG, What lead is placed midclavicular at the 5th intercostal space?

V4

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Hemophilia is most likely defined as

a congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drowsiness

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

avoid contaminating yourself.

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present.

If a police officer restrains a patient with handcuffs, the officer must follow you to the hospital in his or her police unit.

false

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT if available.

The brain needs what two things to survive?

glucose & oxygen

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to: a. APGAR b. HIPAA c. CQI d. DCAP

B. HIPPA

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?

Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

10 seconds.

The normal range of blood sugar in an adult is

80-120

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

How long should an EMT suction an infant's airway? a. 5 seconds or less b. 15 seconds c. As long a sit takes to clear the airway d. 10 seconds

A. 5 seconds or less

Palpate means to? a. Examine by touch b. Examine by listening c. Observe d. Sit next to

A. Examine by touch

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? a. alveoli b. carina c. bronchi d. trachea

A. alveoli

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. He is alert and responsive as you make initial contact. You should next: a. assess the adequacy of his respirations. b. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. c. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history. d. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin.

A. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

When there are low levels of oxygen in the blood, the lips and mucous membranes appear blue or gray. This condition is called: a. cyanosis b. jaundice c. ashen d. pallor

A. cyanosis

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: a. epinephrine b. albuterol c. an antihistamine d. a beta-antagonist

A. epinephrine

Asthma is caused by a response of the: a. immune system. b. cardiovascular system. c. endocrine system. d. respiratory system.

A. immune system

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: a. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. b. the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen. c. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed. d. there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion.

A. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by: a. removing sodium and water from the body. b. retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium. c. accommodating a large amount of blood volume. d. eliminating toxic waste products from the body.

A. removing sodium and water from the body.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: a. left atrium b. right atrium c. left ventricle d. right ventricle

A. right atrium

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies? a. spleen b. pancreas c. liver d. kidney

A. spleen

When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to: a. take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report. b. document the medications on your patient care report, but leave them at home so they do not get misplaced. c. let the hospital staff retrieve the patient's medical records, which should show a list of his or her current medications. d. send the patient's medications to the hospital with a family member or other person who will safeguard them.

A. take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is: a. transporting the patient without delay. b. administering high-flow oxygen. c. giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion. d. positioning the patient on his or her side.

A. transporting the patient without delay.

The mnemonic ______________________ covers a multitude of conditions that can lead to altered mental status.

AEIOU-TIPS

OPQRST is used to assess a patient and gather additional information. If a patient were reporting either a sharp, dull, crushing or tearing pain; what letter in the mnemonic would they be covering? a. T b. Q c. S d. R

B. Q

The body's natural pacemaker located in the heart is the: a. AV node b. SA node c. Purkinje fibers d. bundle of His

B. SA node

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction? a.) bronchodilation and vasodilation b.) vasoconstriction and bronchodilation c.) bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction d.) blocking of further histamine release

B. Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

When is forcible restraint permitted? a. Only if consent to restrain is given by a family member b. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others c. Anytime that the EMT feels threatened d. Only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior

B. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to: a. assess her oxygen saturation and blood pressure. b. administer oxygen with the appropriate device. c. perform a head-to-toe secondary assessment. d. retrieve the stretcher and prepare for transport.

B. administer oxygen with the appropriate device.

Crackles (rales) are caused by: a. mucus in the larger airways b. air passing through fluid c. severe bronchoconstriction d. narrowing of the upper airways

B. air passing through fluid

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the: a. vertebral foramen b. foramen magnum c. foramen lamina d. cauda equina

B. foramen magnum

The secondary assessment of a medical patient: a. should routinely include a comprehensive examination from head to toe. b. is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short. c. is typically limited to a focused exam for patients who are unconscious. d. should be performed at the scene, especially if the patient is critically ill.

B. is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should: a. prepare for immediate transport. b. obtain manual blood pressure. c. reassess her blood pressure in 5 minutes. d. conclude that she has hypertension.

B. obtain a manual blood pressure.

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: a. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place. b. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. c. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate. d. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest.

B. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or over flexed because: a. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. b. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. c. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. d. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.

B. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to: a. law enforcement personnel b. the receiving nurse or doctor c. your medical director d. the patient's parents, if she is a minor

B. the receiving nurse or doctor

An apneic patient needs oxygen delivered by

BVM @ 15 lpm

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? a. Thoracic aortic aneurysm b. Obstructive lung disease c. Acute myocardial infarction d. Uncontrolled hypertension

C. Acute myocardial infarction

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should: a. reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time. b. tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay. c. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her. d. maintain eye contact at all times and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared.

C. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

What is the metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen? a. Adrenergic b. Aerobic c. Anaerobic d. Anatomic

C. anaerobic

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the: a. cerebral cortex. b. cerebrum. c. brain stem. d. cerebellum.

C. brain stem

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they: a. have a fever b. bleeding c. have a cough d. vomit

C. have a cough

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should: a. transport at once b. assess for a palpable carotid pulse for 10 seconds c. immediately resume chest compressions d. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm

C. immediately resume chest compressions

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should: a. place a bite block in between her teeth, apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway. b. restrain her extremities to prevent her from injuring herself, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. c. maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus and administer high-flow oxygen. d. wait for the seizure to stop, manually open her airway, insert an oropharyngeal airway, and assess her oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter.

C. maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus and administer high-flow oxygen.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: a. a bacterial infection of the lung tissue. b. diffuse collapsing of the alveoli. c. a unilaterally collapsed lung. d. fluid accumulation outside the lung.

D. fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: a. small intestine b. kidneys c. stomach d. gallbladder

D. gallbladder

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the: a. coronary sinus vein. b. common iliac vein. c. superior vena cava. d. inferior vena cava.

D. inferior vena cava.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to: A. determine the underlying cause of her problem. B. ask questions related to her gynecologic history. C. keep assessment and treatment to a minimum. D. maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

D. maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

Solid abdominal organs include the: a. gallbladder and large intestine. b. urinary bladder, colon, and ureters. c. stomach and small intestine. d. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

D. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

A fever accompanied with a barking cough, would most likely be associated with what type of breath sounds in a child, if you were thinking they were affected by croup or epiglottitis? a. crackles b. wheezes c. rhonchi d. stridor

D. stridor

(T/F) Although considered a waste gas, some level of carbon dioxide in the blood is actually necessary.

True

(T/F) Patients with congestive heart failure experience a fluid overload in the lung which may develop quickly from a failing pump.

True

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

Upper airway swelling

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

a wheal

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: a. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. b. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. c. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once. d. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice.

a. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should: a. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible. b. obtain a blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia. c. perform CPR for 5 minutes before applying the AED. d. assess the patient for a facial droop and hemiparesis.

a. initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.

A strangulated hernia is one that: a. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. b. is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours. c. can be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs. d. spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention.

a. loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety.

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

allergen

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications is a(n)?

antagonist

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: a. lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the solid abdominal organs contract. b. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. c. is less likely to become inflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves d. is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen.

b. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with: a. abdominal pain b. respiratory distress c. high blood pressure d. headaches

b. respiratory distress

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should: a. assist her ventilations with a bag-valve-mask. b. suction her oropharynx and transport immediately. c. administer one tube of oral glucose and transport. d. insert an oral airway, apply oxygen, and transport.

b. suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are:

between 11 and 16 years of age.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: a. medications are given to dissolve a cerebral blood clot. b. a small cerebral artery ruptures and causes minimal damage. c. a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. d. signs and symptoms resolve spontaneously within 48 hours.

c. a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: a. strangulated hernia. b. acute pancreatitis. c. aortic aneurysm. d. kidney stones.

c. aortic aneurysm

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint? a. albuterol b. aspirin c. ibuprofen d. oral glucose

c. ibuprofen

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in: a. impairment in the blood's clotting abilities. b. profound shock due to severe internal bleeding. c. leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity. d. pain secondary to blood in the peritoneum.

c. leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: a. administer one tube of oral glucose and prepare for immediate transport. b. give her small cups of water to drink and observe for further seizure activity. c. monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level. d. place her in the recovery position and transport her with lights and a siren.

c. monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.

Weakness on one side of the body is known as

hemiparesis

A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should first:

insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM.

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:

is in shock.

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.

One of the most important assessments to make in a patient experiencing respiratory distress is

lung sounds

People at a higher risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

Following a seizure, patients may experience labored breathing and unresponsiveness. This state is known as

postictal

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

properly dispose of the EpiPen syringe.

The most effective treatment for a patient experiencing a stroke is

provide prompt transport

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

request permission from medical control to give another EpiPen if available.

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

retreat at once and call law enforcement.

A harsh high-pitched sound heard on inspiration, occurs when swelling in the upper airway begins to close off the airway.

stridor

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx.

Ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion are two conditions that can cause vaginal bleeding in women who do not appear to be pregnant and who may not realize they are pregnant.

true

Referred pain is pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located.

true

You should not initiate CPR if the scene is unsafe or the patient exhibits obvious signs of death.

true

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder