EMT- Final Review

As an instructor for safe ambulance operations, which statement should you make to new EMTs about responding with lights and sirens thru curves in the road? A. "At night, turn your high beams off prior to entering the curve." B. "It is best to start braking after entering the curve." C. "To be safe, maintain a steady speed through the entire curve." D. "It is easier to control the ambulance when you accelerate just before entering the curve."

A. "At night, turn your high beams off prior to entering the curve."

You are transporting a female pt who is seven months pregnant. She has been diagnosed with preeclampsia and is currently hypertensive. Which statement made by the pt indicates she may be transitioning from preeclampsia to eclampsia? A. "I feel like I am going to have a seizure." B. "My legs and feet are more swollen." C ."I have gained 10 pounds just this month." D. "I think that I may have to vomit."

A. "I feel like I am going to have a seizure."

The MEND exam for a stroke does not include which assessment parameter? A. BGL assessment B. Cranial nerve function C. Mental status D. Motor and sensory function of the limbs

A. BGL assessment

A diver rises too quickly from a deep-sea dive, the nitrogen in his blood forms ever-enlarging bubbles. The bubbles then cause damage to internal organs and tissues. The EMT would recognize this outcome as demonstrating: A. Boyle's law B. Dalton's law C. Charles's law D. Henry's law

A. Boyle's law

Which finding, when considered individually, is most consistent with a basilar skull fracture? A. Bruising behind the ear B. Bilateral constricted pupils C. A hematoma over the frontal skull bone D. Altered mental status

A. Bruising behind the ear

When assessing a pt, you note a bruise to his chest. On the PCR, the injury is properly documented as: A. Ecchymosis B. Cyanosis C. Erythematic D. Hematoma

A. Ecchymosis

You are at an extended care facility for the elderly to assess and transport a pt suspected of having pneumonia to the hospital for eval. During your pulmonary assessment, which breath sound would you expect to hear that would be most specific to pneumonia versus other pulmonary conditions? A. Localized wheezing to one side of the chest B. Inspiratory stridor C. Bilateral rhonchi D. Inspiratory and expiratory crackles to the tops of both lungs

A. Localized wheezing to one side of the chest

While teaching a continuing education class on the lifting and moving of pt, which points would you constantly emphasize? A. Maintaining a normal inward curve in the lower back while moving patients or equipment B. Keeping the legs straight while lifting any heavy object to the cot or into the ambulance C. Do not rely on equipment to help you lift, as the equipment often fails and results in patient injury D. Lifting a patient or equipment should always occur with the wrists hyperextended

A. Maintaining a normal inward curve in the lower back while moving patients or equipment

The EMT should suspect that a pt has diabetes when which medication is found on the scene? A. Metformin B. Lexapro C. Ecotrin D. Nitrostat

A. Metformin Lexapro: for depression Ecotrin: aspirin, anti-inflam; blod thinner

A pt informs you that he muscle sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all of his foods before eating them. Based on this information, which endocrine gland should you assume is dysfunctional? A. Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Adrenal D. Spleen

A. Pancreas

Which of these actions performed by the EMT indicates appropriate care with the AED when treating a pt in cardiac arrest? A. The EMT places, then quickly removes, a set of electrodes in an attempt to remove excessive hair from a patient's chest B. The EMT intentionally withholds a shock on a patient in cardiac arrest who has an implantable defibrillator C. The EMT applies one electrode over the top of the power source for a pacemaker located on the patient's chest D. The EMT places the AED pads 2 inches away from a transdermal medication patch on the patient's chest

A. The EMT places, then quickly removes, a set of electrodes in an attempt to remove excessive hair from a patient's chest

A 41 y/o F has called 911 for a headache. Which of these assessment findings should make the EMT suspicious that the pt has a migraine headache? A. The pain was preceded by an aura B. Her blood pressure is 192/124 mmHg C. She rates the pain as an 8/10 D. Bright light increases the patient's discomfort

A. The pain was preceded by an aura

A pt with asthma is using his inhaler TID and prn. You would recognize that: A. The patient uses an inhaler at least three times a day B. The patient is suffering asthmatic attacks three times a week C. The patient uses his inhaler only when the symptoms are bad D. The patient is prescribed his inhaler for use only three times a day

A. The patient uses an inhaler at least three times a day

The EMT is correctly using a rope in a thrown bag when he: A. Tosses the throw bag using an underhand motion toward the patient B. Throws the rope overhand and slightly beyond the patient's location C. Goes downstream and floats the throw bag toward the patient D. Ties the throw bag to a stationary object and throws the rope to the patient

A. Tosses the throw bag using an underhand motion toward the patient

You are caring for a postictal male pt with a known history of seizures. He is confused and cannot remember his 8 y/o son's name. His son tearfully asks you if his father will ever remember him. Your response would be: A. "I do not know. We will have to let the doctor help him first." B. "Although he is confused now, he should remember your name in a little bit." C. "I am not sure, but at least your mother remembers your name." D. "I do not feel comfortable in telling you yes, since there is a chance he may not."

B. "Although he is confused now, he should remember your name in a little bit."

Which statement is most appropriate to relay after establishing radio contact with the destination ED to which you are transporting a pt? A. "Five minutes out with Mr. John Panzer, who called us today for high blood pressure." B. "En route to your facility with a 73-year-old male complaining of dizziness." C. "Inbound with a 52-year-old suffering from a myocardial infarction." D. "En route with a drug addict who has overdosed on an unspecified amount of heroin."

B. "En route to your facility with a 73-year-old male complaining of dizziness." don't put the name in!

You have been called to a home for an a/o female with terminal lung cancer. At the home, the daughter, who has her mother's durable power of attorney, states that she wants her mother transported to the hospital. The pt, who is a/o, does not want to go. Which statement indicates that the EMT is acting both appropriately and legally in this conflict? A. "Since your daughter has the durable power of attorney, she has the legal right to make all decisions; therefore, we have to take you to the hospital." B. "I know that you have the durable power of attorney, but your mother is alert and oriented so we cannot legally take her against her will." C. "As the person with your durable power of attorney, your daughter has the legally vested right to make your decisions; however, let us ask your husband what he thinks." D. "Since it appears there is a conflict of opinion here, I will need to call the police so that they can determine what to do."

B. "I know that you have the durable power of attorney, but your mother is alert and oriented so we cannot legally take her against her will."

Which response shows that the EMT is correctly assessing motor function in the arms of a pt with a potential spinal injury? A. "Can you tell me which finger I am touching?" B. "I need you to flex both arms across your chest." C. "I am going to move your arm; tell me if it hurts." D. "I am going to feel for a pulse in your wrist."

B. "I need you to flex both arms across your chest."

Which of these statements indicates that the EMT understands the appropriate use of supplemental O2 when caring for a pt with a stroke? A. "If positive pressure ventilation is required, it should be given with room air and not supplemental oxygen." B. "Oxygen should be administered at a minimal amount, just enough to get the SpO2 at or greater than 94%." C. "In the short time that we provide care to a patient with stroke, the benefits of high-concentration oxygen outweigh the risks." D. "Since stroke decreases oxygen delivery to the brain, high-concentration oxygen should always be geared toward achieving an SpO2 as near to 100% as possible."

B. "Oxygen should be administered at a minimal amount, just enough to get the SpO2 at or greater than 94%."

You are using the simple triage and rapid transport (START) system. Which pt should have a yellow tag applied prior to being moved to the treatment area? A. A male with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, no radial pulse, and unresponsive mental status B. A female with a respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min, a palpable radial pulse, and who squeezes your fingers when instructed C. A female with agonal respirations, no radial pulse, and unresponsive mental status D. A male with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min, a palpable radial pulse, and who squeezes your fingers when instructed

B. A female with a respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min, a palpable radial pulse, and who squeezes your fingers when instructed

A pt states that she cannot leave the house to go to the hospital "because I am scared I will do something idiotic and lose it and then everyone will look at me and laugh." She states she rarely leaves the house and the last time she did, she began to hyperventilate. This caused her to return home immediately. Based on this info, the EMT should recognize the pt as having: A. Anxiety B. Agoraphobia C. Schizophrenia D. Bipolar disorder

B. Agoraphobia

When assessing a 32 y/o M with a history of developmental challenges, you note the protrusion of a clamped tube from his back in the area of his right kidney. The method of determining what the tube is and why it is in place would be to: A. Contact medical direction B. Ask family members C. Contact the home health nursing agency D. Ask the patient

B. Ask family members

What is the most common potential hazard an EMT faces on scene? A. Unfamiliar settings B. Blood and body fluids C. Aggressive patients D. Upset family members

B. Blood and body fluids

You are transporting a male pt with a deep stab wound to the groin, with damage also noted to the genitalia following an assault by his gf. The pt is a/o, albeit restless. Vitals are pulse 128, RR 20, BP 108/64, 92%. O2 is being administer via nasal cannula. Upon reassessment, which sign would be most concerning to the EMT? A. Patient's urge to void B. Blood pressure is now 106/88 mmHg C. SpO2 stabilizing at 96% despite O2 therapy D. Heart rate of 132 beats/min

B. Blood pressure is now 106/88 mmHg

Pain that is described as "caustic" by the pt is: A. Stabbing B. Burning C. Sharp D. Achy

B. Burning

A pediatric pt has an intraventricular shunt according to the parents. Based on this info, you recognize that there is a problem with which system in the body? A. Genitourinary B. Central nervous C. Digestive D. Cardiovascular

B. Central nervous

At a drill involving the rollover of a tourist bus, you have been assigned to the transport area. Which activities will you be performing within this section? A. Transport patients to the hospital or other appropriate facilities B. Coordinate the transfer of patients to ambulances for transport to the hospital C. Triage and assign priorities of EMS care and transport to the hospital D. Triage and provide patient care prior to transport to the hospital

B. Coordinate the transfer of patients to ambulances for transport to the hospital

Atrovent, if prescribed to a pt, is indicated for: A. Headache B. Difficulty breathing C. Chest discomfort D. Nausea or vomiting

B. Difficulty breathing

How can an EMT best protect herself, as well as get the most appropriate resources, at the scene of a MCI involving a WMD? A. Estimate the number of fatalities and injuries B. Identify the specific agent or mechanism used C. Make an overall determination of the number and types of injuries involved D. Turn over control of the incident to the Homeland Security Department

B. Identify the specific agent or mechanism used

Asherman, Halo, and Bolin devices are commercially available devices to use for which injury? A. Flail chest B. Open chest wound C. Commotio cordis D. Pneumothorax

B. Open chest wound

You are in charge of triage at a scene involving 31 pts exposed to carbon monoxide in a church basement. You find a 6 y/o boy who is not breathing. You open his airway and find that breathing does not return. Furthermore, you cannot locate a radial pulse. You should: A. Provide 15 seconds of positive pressure ventilation B. Place a black tag on this patient and move to the next patient C. Provide 15 seconds of CPR and recheck for a radial pulse D. Apply oxygen and check the patient's mental status

B. Place a black tag on this patient and move to the next patient

On scene, a young male experiencing behavioral emergency talks very rapidly and constantly interrupts you while you attempt to ask him questions. As such, you would recognize that this pt is exhibiting: A. Verbal dystonia B. Pressured speech C. Word salad D. Tardive dyskinesia

B. Pressured speech

A pt has received burns to his arms from beta particle exposure. This type of damage would be classified as: A. Radiation sickness B. Radiation injury C. Radiation poisoning D. Radiation exposure

B. Radiation injury

When assessing a pt, which finding should raise the EMT's suspicion that the pt may have a pulmonary embolism? A. Bradycardia with normal SpO2 reading and clear breath sounds B. Sudden onset of shortness of breath with clear breath sounds C. Chest pain that is "dull" and radiates to the arm with abnormal breath sounds D. Chest and neck pain with crackles in the bases of both lungs

B. Sudden onset of shortness of breath with clear breath sounds

Who determines the order in which pts are transported to various hospitals in the area of the MCI? A. The staging unit leader B. The transport unit leader C. Incident commander D. NIMS

B. The transport unit leader

You are assessing a military veteran who complains of a headache, visual disturbances, and generalized anxiety. You suspect that he may have PTSD. Which question would be most appropriate to obtain additional info regarding the possibility of PTSD? A. "Were you forced to kill anyone?" B. "In which branch of the military did you serve?" C. "Where did you see combat?" D. "Do you go to the VA hospital for any medical care you need?"

C. "Where did you see combat?"

Which of these pts has a normal fasting BGL? A. A 12-year-old male with a blood glucose level of 38 mg/dL B. A 67-year-old male with no complaints and a glucose level of 127 mg/dL C. A 37-year-old female who is weak and dizzy with a glucose level of 81 mg/dL D. A 53-year-old female who is alert and oriented with a glucose level of 117 mg/dL

C. A 37-year-old female who is weak and dizzy with a glucose level of 81 mg/dL

A tornado ripped through a small town, killing 5 people and seriously injuring 21, including several young children. At a defusing session, which action is most appropriate? A. Evaluate and critique the rescue effort B. Have a mental health professional available to talk with the rescuers C. Allow the rescuers to vent their emotions D. Provide information on stress reduction techniques

C. Allow the rescuers to vent their emotions

In planning for a response to an attack with WMD involving an incendiary device, the EMT should be prepared to handle which types of injuries? A. Fractures B. Infection C. Burns D. Blast injuries

C. Burns incendiary device: used to start fires/ explosiosn

Which S/S of shock will be observed last? A. Tachycardia B. Increased respirations C. Decreased blood pressure D. Pale and diaphoretic skin

C. Decreased blood pressure

A young girl complains of eye pain after having sand thrown in her face by another girl in the park. When assessing her eyes, you note large particles of sand in the right eye. The sand appears to be on the conjunctiva, which also seems to be scratched and irritated. Your initial management of this injury would be: A. Stop the tearing by applying gentle pressure to the eye B. Attempt to remove the larger pieces of sand using a cotton swab C. Flush the eye with clean water or sterile water from the ambulance D. Gently wipe the inner eye with sterile pieces of gauze

C. Flush the eye with clean water or sterile water from the ambulance

You are treating a 9 y/o M who is SOB and has a history of asthma. At the scene, he presents in severe respiratory distress, with intercostal retractions, lethargy, and expiratory wheezing. His pulse is 136, RR 32, 95%. You have assisted the pt with his albuterol MDI and are transporting him emergently to the hospital. As you reassess the pt, which finding is most concerning? A. SpO2 of 94% B. Increased wheezing heard bilaterally C. Heart rate of 68 beats/min D. Blood pressure of 100/64 mmHg

C. Heart rate of 68 beats/min

Why would iodine tablets be a benefit to administer to the general public after a nuclear bomb detonation? A. Iodine boosts the immune system B. Iodine protects against all types of cancer C. Iodine decreases the risk for thyroid cancer D. Iodine helps eliminate radiation from the body

C. Iodine decreases the risk for thyroid cancer

Which organism is classified as multi-drug resistant? A. Zika virus B. Hepatitis B virus C. Methicillin/oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus D. Human immunodeficiency virus

C. Methicillin/oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

While returning from a call, you are flagged down by a frantic family member of a 12 y/o M. She is standing in the yard, and she reports that the child was shot in the abd and is now inside the house. She states that she has already called the police, who has not arrived yet, and that the shooter is another family member who has since left the scene. What is your best course of action? A. Go to the porch and have the patient brought to you B. Carefully look for scene hazards and enter once you feel safe C. Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive D. Cautiously enter the house and be ready to vacate if any hazards are found

C. Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive

An example of an injury that results from the primary exposure in a nuclear explosion is: A. Blindness B. Flash burn C. Multisystem trauma D. Radiation injury

C. Multisystem trauma

A pt has fallen in his upstairs bathroom and is lying on the floor. Assessment indicates no life threats to the ABC; however, the pt does have pain, deformity, and bruising to his right hip. In this situation, the EMT should recognize the need for which type of move? A. Passive B. Emergency C. Non-urgent D. Urgent

C. Non-urgent

A young male pt has a gunshot wound to his left side of his head. He is unresponsive with snoring respirations. He is breathing 6/min with a pulse of 52 and BP of 192/104. His radial pulse is strong and skin is cool but not diaphoretic. In addition to SMR, the first intervention for this pt would be: A. Administering high-concentration oxygen via a nonrebreather mask B. Inserting an oropharyngeal airway C. Performing a jaw-thrust maneuver D. Administering positive pressure ventilation

C. Performing a jaw-thrust maneuver

In a pt with conjunctivitis, the EMT would expect to observe a/an: A. Inflamed and irritated cornea B. Infected lens C. Reddened membrane over the sclera D. Nonresponsive pupil

C. Reddened membrane over the sclera

You suspect that an unresponsive female pt may be diabetic. To help confirm this suspicion, where would you send your partner to look for vials of insulin? A. Nightstand B. Bathroom C. Refrigerator D. Bedside table

C. Refrigerator

A pt with sickle cell crisis will most likely complain of: A. High fever B. Diarrhea C. Severe pain D. Blood-tinged urine

C. Severe pain

You are approached by a college student who states that his college is working with a physician on a project that examines the types of violent trauma occurring within your jurisdiction. He then asks you if he may see copies of all pt care reports that involved pts who were either stabbed or shot. Who would be the best person to contact regarding this request? A. The state department of EMS B. Your service's medical director C. Your service's privacy officer D. The physician overseeing the research project

C. Your service's privacy officer

The head of the water rescue team has just informed you that the divers have retrieved a young woman who fell thru the ice on a pond while walking her dog. The estimated submersion time is 22 min. Another EMT asks you if it will be necessary to start resuscitation given the length of submersion. What is your most appropriate reply? A. "Let's assess her first. If she does not have a pulse, then we will contact medical direction for orders to not resuscitate." B. "Our resuscitation will consist of CPR only. The AED is contraindicated if the patient is hypothermic." C. "Probably not. Given the amount of time she was submerged in the water, there is most likely little that can be done." D. "Absolutely! Given that she has been in cold water, she may still have a chance of survival."

D. "Absolutely! Given that she has been in cold water, she may still have a chance of survival."

In a pt with PTSD, the EMT would recognize that a pt is reliving an event when he states? A. "I do not like the smell of diesel fuel because of the airplane crash." B. "I feel so guilty that there was nothing I could do to save them." C. "I notice that my heart rate will sometimes increase for no reason." D. "I cannot sleep well because of nightmares that I am back in the desert."

D. "I cannot sleep well because of nightmares that I am back in the desert."

When should the EMT transport the pt with cardiac arrest? A. After one shock has been delivered and the patient remains in cardiac arrest B. Before delivering the first shock when a "shock advised" message is received C. Immediately upon determining that the patient is in cardiac arrest D. After three "no shock advised" messages are received

D. After three "no shock advised" messages are received

While assessing a pt on a home mechanical ventilator, the low pressure alarm sounds. What would your immediate action be? A. Start positive pressure ventilation with high-concentration oxygen B. Increase the rate of ventilation on the ventilator C. Check the ventilator tubing for kinking or obstruction D. Check the connections in the ventilator tubing and between the tubing and the tracheostomy for leaks

D. Check the connections in the ventilator tubing and between the tubing and the tracheostomy for leaks

The EMT is correctly assessing a 2 y/o M pt who is unresponsive after being assaulted by the mother's live-in bf when he: A. Checks the patient's brachial pulse B. Recognizes a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute as abnormal C. Takes the time to get a blood pressure D. Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

D. Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

A pt with a history of diabetes is confused and irritable. According to family members, he accidentally took too much insulin this morning and did not eat breakfast. Since he is conscious with an intact gag reflex, medical direction orders you to administer oral glucose. Which component of this situation best represents the indication for the medication? A. High blood sugar B. Medical command authorization C. History of diabetes D. Confusion and irritability

D. Confusion and irritability

You believe a pt for whom you are caring is starting to experience respiratory failure. Which of these findings is supportive of this suspicion? A. SpO2 of 94% B. Heart rate of 118 beats/min C. Bilateral wheezing on exhalation only D. ETCO2 of 56 mmHg

D. ETCO2 of 56 mmHg

Which findings indicates that a pt who received a blow to the head is suffering from something other than a simple concussion? A. He cannot remember what happened B. He asks the same questions over and over C. His heart rate is 92 beats/min and his blood pressure is 144/86 mmHg D. His pupils are noticeably unequal when assessed

D. His pupils are noticeably unequal when assessed

An industrial worker has sustained a laceration to his abd. On closer inspection, you note what appears to be fat tissue and a portion of intestine protruding through the wound. Which intervention is most appropriate for treating this injury? A. One attempt at replacement of the eviscerated material in the abdomen using sterile gloves B. Dry sterile dressing applied over the wound C. Direct pressure using gloved palms to the injury D. Occlusive dressing applied over saline-soaked gauze

D. Occlusive dressing applied over saline-soaked gauze

A male driver was ejected from his vehicle after it rolled several times at a high speed. As you approach the pt, you note that he is unresponsive and struggling to breathe. He also has a laceration to the left side of his face and multiple contusions to his legs. After assigning another EMT to take manual c spine motion restriction, what should you do? A. Start positive pressure ventilation B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway C. Apply a properly sized cervical collar D. Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver

D. Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver

While at a public pool obtaining a refusal of care form from a pt who was stung by a bee, you hear screaming. Patrons are waiving you over to a 13 y/o boy who hit the diving board with his head while diving. He is now in the water and is motionless. The lifeguard is in the water and informs you that the pt's eyes are open and he is breathing with a pulse but not talking. What should you do next? A. Instruct the lifeguard to carefully float the boy to the side of the pool so you can assess and get him on a backboard B. Have the lifeguard quickly remove the patient from the pool so assessment and emergency medical care can be given C. Position the boy upright against the lifeguard with spine motion restriction precautions observed during removal from the pool D. Pass a cervical collar and long board into the water for providing spine motion restriction precautions to the patient prior to his extrication from the water

D. Pass a cervical collar and long board into the water for providing spine motion restriction precautions to the patient prior to his extrication from the water

When administering O2 to a pt with chest pain, which of these should be used as a guide to its use and maintenance? A. The respiratory rate B. The heart rate C. Patient rating of pain D. Pulse oximetry reading

D. Pulse oximetry reading

You have been called to a home for a female in labor. On scene, the family tells you that the 37 y/o pt is 42 weeks pregnant and wanted to have her baby at home naturally. The pt has been in labor for more than 24 hours, but suddenly began complaining of severe and tearing abd pain. Which condition should the EMT suspect? A. Placenta previa B. Preeclampsia C. Ectopic pregnancy D. Ruptured uterus

D. Ruptured uterus

On scene, you suspect that a young female pt is suffering from hyperventilation syndrome. Which additional finding would best assist you in confirming this suspicion? A. Urinary incontinence B. Heart rate of 64 beats/min C. Breathing through the mouth D. Spasm of the hands

D. Spasm of the hands

An unresponsive 54 y/o M was found by his family in his bed. They state that he has not been feeling well and complained of chest pain before going to bed approx 1 hour ago. According to the family, he has no prior medical history and does not take any meds. The primary assessment reveals no life threats. When performing the secondary assessment on this pt, the EMT should: A. Contact the patient's family doctor B. You Answered Focus the examination on the chest C. Determine whether the chest pain still exists D. Start by examining the patient's head

D. Start by examining the patient's head

A train carrying radioactive materials has derailed. The radiation officer informs you that you will be transporting a 31 y/o M who was exposed to the radioactive waves emitted by the material. As such, you should recognize that: A. The patient will require immediate decontamination B. The patient will be vomiting and will have lost his hair C. You will need special clothing to protect yourself from radiation D. The patient represents no contamination threat to you

D. The patient represents no contamination threat to you