EMT Final

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area.

Which of the following most accurately describes hyperthermia

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct

The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.

Which of the following would most likely provide clues regarding the source of a patients allergic reaction

The environment in which the patient is found

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following is a specific example of the mobile integrated healthcare model

The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen includes all of the following except:

The speed of the fall

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct

There is no vaccine against HIV infection.

In which of the following situations would a direct ground life be the most appropriate method of moving a patient

a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9 month old infant is

one-third the diameter of the chest, or about 1½ inches.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

Potentially life-threatening consequences of PID include:

ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy.

Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the

paramedic

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if

pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

perform 30 chest compressions

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

perform oropharyngeal suctioning.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

Which of the following glands regulate the function of all other endocrine glands in the body

pituitary

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be most appropriate to:

place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup.

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

plantar

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation.

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when

a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.

Organic brain syndrome is defined as:

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.

When administering a naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer

a half dose into each nostril.

The mesentery is

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of

a poorly placed lap belt.

The term supraventricular tachycardia means

a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles.

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

a relatively small surface area

A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when:

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance

The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:

a situation in which a patient of any age exhibits agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

a triplication of chromosome 21

CPR should be initiated when:

a valid living will is unavailable

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

abduction

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the most unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard

abnormal spinal curvature

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss

abrasion

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

acidosis and dehydration

In preconventional reasoning children

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by

possible spinal injury.

In relation to the chest, the back is

posterior

Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes an increased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia.

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

start of one to the start of the next.

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is most important to

remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

A ___________ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.

repeater

You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.

You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is MOST effectively managed by:

requesting a CISM team to provide on-scene peer support

Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser:

requests sexual favors in exchange for something else.

While transferring patient care to another healthcare provider, you should be

respectful

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves:

speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient.

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the:

spleen

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs except the

spleen

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

spontaneous pneumothorax

Bleeding is normally stopped by

activation of platelets

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should:

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

The ____ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles

apex

An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should:

apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction and he tells you that he does. You should:

ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it.

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:

ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.

When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested

aspirin

Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called:

assault

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

You receive a call to a daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month old infant. Upon arrival you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to

assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds

After ensuring his or her own safety, the EMTs next priority when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to

assess the patient's response to his or her environment

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to:

assist a patient with certain prescribed medications

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should

brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct

anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited

A man with chest pain tells the EMTs that he hurt his chest 2 weeks ago. The EMTs conclude that the patient likely has a fractured rib or other chest wall injury. At the hospital, the man is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following decision traps does this scenario depict?

anchoring

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

animals or insects

A trauma patient has a gunshot wound to the left side of the chest, away from the nipple. How should the injury location be described

anterolateral

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child

any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except

capillary bleeding

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

capsules

Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT:

carbon dioxide deficiency.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina.

The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to:

careless handling of sharps..

The umbilical cord:

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it

causes severe local tissue damage.

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation

EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year-old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles." The EMTs should suspect:

cervical spine injury

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

The standards of prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

state office of EMS

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway

stridor

Which of the following conditions is not categorized as a psychiatric condition

substance abuse

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

check her airway for obstructions.

Children with N meningitides would MOST likely present with:

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient

circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

For a DNR order to be valid, it must:

clearly state the patient's medical problem.

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

combativeness

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention strategy

community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving

You should deliver chest compressions to an unconscious adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene

You are transporting a 49-year old male with tearing abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment you determine that the patients condition has deteriorated significantly. You should

consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

Ethnocentrism is defined as:

considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

General guidelines for carrying a patient on a stretcher include

constant communication with your partners

The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:

substandard or inappropriate patient care.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention

Which of the following are central pulses

femoral and carotid

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

five

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with non traumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs. You should

focus on his or her chief complaint.

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:

frostbite

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history compatible with a serious illness.

In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:

has an even proportionately larger head

When a women presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information.

A multiparous patient is one who

has given birth more than once

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the patient's health status.

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:

have been infected with hepatitis in the past.

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who:

have delivered a baby before

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A.

As many as 40% of patients with Down syndrome have:

heart condition

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

hemostasis

Enlargement of the liver is called:

hepatomegaly

As a woman approaches menopause:

her menstrual periods may become irregular and vary in severity.

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

Peritonitis usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity.

The ____ deals with the well-being of the EMT career progression and EMT compensation

human resources department

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to:

identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:

immobilization of the injury.

Which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mentally incapacitated

implied consent

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n)

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

increased carbon dioxide levels.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following except

increased surface area available for air exchange.

Which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patients vital signs

increased weight

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:

individual EMT

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is

infection

The topographic term used to describe the parts of the body that are nearer to the feet is

inferior

A patient is diagnosed with nephritis. This means

inflammation of the kidney

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

EMRs such as fire fighters, law enforcement officers, and park rangers, are an integral part of the EMS system because:

they often arrive at the scene before the ambulance and EMTs.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

thoracic

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours of symptoms beginning.

Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the:

thyroid gland

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:

tolerance

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation.

The most important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is

transporting the patient without delay.

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.

During your assessment of a patient with a chest injury, you note that only one side of his chest moves when he breathes. How should you describe his chest movement?

unilateral

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

until he or she loses consciousness.

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the most rapidly fatal if not treated immediately

upper airway swelling

PID DOES NOT TYPICALLY AFFECT THE

urinary bladder

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the

urinary bladder

Which of the following organs is at most risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture

urinary bladder

The two MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are:

urticaria and angioedema

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should:

use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

The principle clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level or consciousness

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction

vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents:

ventricular contraction

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:

ventricular fibrillation

Skeletal muscle is also called

voluntary muscle

In the presence of the ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by

vomiting

you respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. the patient is conscious but confused, she tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before, when she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. you should be most suspicious that this patient

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).

An infant is premature if it:

weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:

when performing endotracheal intubation

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

when the patient last appeared normal

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

work

The carpal bones form the

wrist

The root word cirrh/o means:

yellow-orange

A positive TB skin test indicates that:

you have been exposed to TB

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

The central nervous system is composed of the

brain and spinal cord

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

brain stem

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

3 seconds

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb.

40

A child might begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months

Febrile seizures are most common in children between:

6 months and 6 years of age.

In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically

70 beats/min.

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately

70 to 120 beats/min.

During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)

70 to 80 mL

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than how many hours after the incident

72 hours

At present, the average life expectancy is ____ years while the maximum life expectancy is at ____ years

78, 120

Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child?

82 mm Hg

The anterior fontanelle fused together between the ages of

9 and 18 months

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:

90 mm Hg

Immediately after restraining a violent patient the EMT should

Reassess the patients airway and breathing

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

The component of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

Appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation

In which of the following situations is an emergency patient move indicated

The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards.

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury is correct

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score?

body size

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Deformed steering wheel

After an advanced airway device has been inserted during 2 rescuer CPR you should

Deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds

You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient which if the following is a definitive sign of death

Dependent lividity

Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the air bag

A patient has bilateral femur fractures. This means that

both femurs are fractured.

Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct

Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.

Mental function often begins to decline within ___ years before death

Five

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth.

15-30

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of

19 and 25 years.

In infants and children, a capillary refill time that is greater than ____ seconds is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion

2

During patient care, the EMT instructs her partner to administer one tube of oral glucose to a conscious patient with low blood sugar. The partners most appropriate response should be

"Got it. I'll give oral glucose."

Which of the following patient responses would establish the E in the SAMPLE history

"I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."

The adult epinephrine auto injector delivers how much of epinephrine and how much does the child one deliver?

0.3 and 0.15

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10-18 months

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min

The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.

21%, 16%

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

Which of the following scenarios involves the administration of ALS

A 48-year-old patient whose airway is secured with a supraglottic device

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct

A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40 year old female who complains of lower of Domino pain fever and chills and a foul smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease

A shuffling gait when walking

EMTs were dispatched for a teenage male who is not acting right. When they arrive they are informed that the patient was having. Several cans of Freon was found near the patient. Which of the following is a unique consideration for this patient

A sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysthymia

EMS as we know it today had its origins in 1966 with the publication of:

Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag mask technique is correct

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct

Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.

Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Alzheimer's disease

Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and EMTs scope of practice is correct

An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct

An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

Which of the following is an anatomical difference between children and adults

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue

Which of the following statements regarding an infants vital signs are correct

An infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschoolers normal body temperature

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs you get widespread rales. He is conscious and alert is able to following simple commands and can only speak in 2 to 3 word sentences at a time. You should

Apply a CPAP device, monitor blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding

Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard.

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 bpm and his pulse rate is 120 bpm there is no external bleeding noted, the EMT should

Apply a compression device around his pelvis

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

EMTs are dispatched for a patient whose central venous catheter is malfunctioning. When they arrive and assess the patient, they find bleeding from the tube attached to the line. The EMTs should

Apply direct pressure to the tubing and transport

You are assessing a young male Who was stung on the light by scorpion. He's conscious and alert his breathing is regular non-labored and his blood pressure is 122/64. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheel surrounded by an area of Redness. He states that he had a bad reaction last time here somewhere scorpion carries his own up and Epinephrine auto injector. You should

Apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic and transport him to the hospital

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

A 38-year-old Woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semi conscious has labored breathing and has a rapid thready pulse. She has a red rash on her body and her face is swollen you should

Assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen

During your assessment of a young female With nontraumatic vaginal bleeding you know that her level of consciousness is decreased her respirations are some rapid and shallow her skin is cool and moist and her pulse is Rapidan week. You should

Assist her ventilations with a BVM

Which of the following sets of vitals would the EMT most likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose

BP 200/100, pulse 150

Which of the following most accurately describes septic shock

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

The EMT is assessing a man who fell and struck his head. The patient is a known alcoholic and has the odor of alcohol on his breath. The EMT assumes that the man is drunk and does not assess for signs and symptoms of a head injury. This is an example of

Bias

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because

Blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in

Calcium

PID

Can scar the Fallopian tubes increasing the risk of an ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?

Chlamydia

The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granulated that are responsible for skin

Color

It is important to understand medical terminology in order to

Communicate effectively with other healthcare members

The tip of a central venous catheter rests in the: 51. Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct

Communication with the patients caregiver or family members is important because they are most familiar with the patients condition

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct

Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy.

Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system

Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles

A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should:

Contact medical control for guidance

The PCR ensures

Continuity of care

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following except

Cool, clammy skin

Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth?

Crowning of the baby's head

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year old female who fainted. Upon arrival the patient is conscious and alert and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to

Determine if she was injured when she fainted

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reactions to a particular

Disease

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on:

EMS research

Which of the following is true regarding the legal implications of child abuse?

EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse.

What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle

Ensure the vehicle is stable.

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum

Esophagus

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to gas, is called

Evaporation

You would expect a patient who is experiencing difficulty breathing to be in which of the following positions

Fowler

A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:

Fowler's

A physiological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems ti be structurally normal is called a

Functional disorder

Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:

Glucotrol

In contrast to a level 3 trauma center, a level 1 trauma center must:

Have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day

Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct

Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection.

During your assessment of a 50-year-old Mail who was found unresponsive in an alley you note that he has shallow respirations bradycardia facial cygnsisis and pinpoint pupils as your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations he direct your attention to the patient's arm which have multiple needle tracks on them. Which of the following would most likely explain the patient's presentation

Heroine overdose

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or manual cannula in a child is appropriate only if:

His or her tidal volume is adequate

Naloxone (Narcan) would reverse the effects of

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

____ pressure if the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures

Hydrostatic

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extraction will allow the EMT to:

Identify contact points and predict potential injuries

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following expect

Increased preload

Which of the following statements regarding age related changes in the nervous system is correct

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt force trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicals. This is a sign of:

Intra-abdominal bleeding

Which is the following is the most rapidly acting medication administration route

Intravenous (IV)

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene if safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in respiratory distress. Your first action should be to

Introduce yourself to the patient

Which of the following questions would be the most pertinent to ask a patient who recently returned from Europe and is now I'll

Is anyone else in your travel party sick

All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock expect

Ischemic stroke

Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct

It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.

Which of the following statements regarding the power lift is correct

It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient

What is the function of the left atrium

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following clinical signs would be most helpful in determining whether the patient has heart failure or COPD

Jugular vein distention

Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient had a history of seizures

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Law enforcement personnel request your assistant for a 30-year-old male who is pulled over for a Red driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned which required one of the officers to subdue him with a taser. When you arrive and assess that patient you find that he is very agitated and it's experiencing a parent hallucinations. His skinnish flushed and diaphoretic you should

Limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you

You receive a call to a residence for A sick patient. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he was mowing the lawn in the heat for the past three hours. The patient is confused and has hot moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should

Load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions

You are dispatched where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position his eyes are closed and his is not moving. Your first action should be to

Log roll him as a unit to a supine position

Which of the following statements regarding MRSA is correct

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecological emergency the EMTs main focus should be to

Maintain her ABCs and transport without delay

For which of the following patients is spinal immobilization clearly indicated

Man with altered mental status after being exposed to blunt force trauma

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:

May cause harm or have no positive effect

While auscultation breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields, this indicates

Narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs

A patient has kidney disease that is causing him severe pain. What condition does he have and what would be administered for his pain?

Nephropathy; analgesic

A physical who specializes in diseases of the nervous system is called a

Neurologist

Bacterial vaginitis is a condition that occurs when

Normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms

In the recovery position, the patient is

On his or her side

A patient with a pneumothorax had unilateral chest expansion. This means that

Only one side of his chest rises when he inhales

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 911 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit of lawn Forssman officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. Find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He was unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone or Dilot it is found on an adjacent table. You should

Open the patients airway and assess his respirations

Which of the following medication route has the slowest rate of absorption

Oral

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.

Which of the following statements regarding PID is correct?

PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Which of the following is a sign of compartment syndrome

Pain upon passive movement of the injury site

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

Palpate the abdomen for rise and fall

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

EMTs are dispatched for a patient in cardiac arrest. When they arrive, they find that the patient is pulseless, apneic, and wearing an external defibrillator vest. In this situation, the EMTs should

Perform CPR and leave the vest in place

A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

Perform abdominal thrusts

During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information you should conflude that the infants

Peripheral circulation is decreased

When caring for a patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

Place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

Place him or her on a firm surface

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month old infant

Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured

Platelets collect at the injury site

Which of the following anatomical terms is synonymous with the word dorsal

Posterior

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness

Which of the following criteria is required to become a licensed and employed EMT

Proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel?

Protecting patient privacy

Law enforcement personal request assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who is sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene to find patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She's conscious alert and crying. When you ask her what happened she tells you that she does not wanna be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should

Provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma

You are dispatched to an apartment complex to respond to shooting. Law-enforcement personnel are present have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in the narrow space between the couch and coffee table of a small apartment. He is semi conscious and has a large gunshot wound to the chest. You should

Quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient

Which of the following statements regarding rape is correct?

Rape is a legal diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis.

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be most suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system

Rapid eye movement

Which of the following interventions is the most critical to the outcome of a patient with multi system trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress facial swelling and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his Eppinette from being autoinjector you know that his breathing has improved. Additionally his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure stable. Your next action should be to

Record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly

When transporting a stable patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a

Recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

Upon arrival at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head on the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law-enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After preing the ambulance out of a safe distance you and your partner should

Report to the incident commander

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law-enforcement arrived the patient became violent necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient he tells you that killing someone will make his of Domino pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage the situation

Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child you will most like find that she

Responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as roofies

Rohypnol

Regarding medical terminology the foundation of the word is called the

Root

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group

Secondary sexual development begins.

In an apparent suicide attempt A 19-year-old female and just a full bottle of Ellaville. At present she is conscious and alert and states that she swallow the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier her blood pressure is 90/50 her pulse is 140 bpm and irregular and her respirations are 20 breaths per minute with adequate depth when transporting this patient you should be most alert for

Seizures and cardiac dysthymia

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as:

Seizures that result from severe hypertension

A pregnant patient is diagnosed with hypermedia gravidarum. This means

She has excessive vomiting

While providing care to a patient, the EMT informs her partner that a shotgun is leaning against the wall in the corner of the room. In making this observation, they have demonstrated

Situation awareness

Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is correct

Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety.

Which of the following statements regarding Good Samaritan laws is correct

Such laws will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence.

In which position should you restrain a physically uncooperative patient

Supine

You are dispatched to a local nursery for 39 year old female who is sick. When you arrive you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semi conscious has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth and it's in continent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and know that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include

Thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle pedestrian accident. The patient a 13-year-old male is unconscious and as multiple injuries. As you are treating the child law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be out the sea in a price of 15 minutes. What should you do

Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

Which of the following is an example of a trade (brand) name of a drug

Tylenol

A proximal humeral fracture is one that is located

Upper part of humerus

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation is correct

V-fib results in an absence of forward blood flow.

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is eight breaths per minute her breathing is shallow her heart rate is 40 bpm and her pulse this week. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone or Vicodin which was refilled the day before. You should

Ventilate her with a BVM

You may not be able to determine whether a person has a mental illness but you can predict the person's likelihood of becoming

Violent

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the follow, expect:

Wheezing

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

adverse effect

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock it is important to remember that

age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases

alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with:

alcohol

What type of poisoning will cause burns around the mouth in children?

alkaline poison

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

A patient with hepatomegaly has

an enlarged liver

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

For which of the following conditions is albuterol prescribed

asthma

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:

atherosclerosis

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated.

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion

A patient lacerated the dorsal aspect of his hand. This means that the injury is:

back of hand

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:

base station

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

be alert for personal hazards

When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year old woman who collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive apneic and pulseless. You should

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available.

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

beta 1 receptors

The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are:

between 11 and 16 years of age.

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader asks the EMT to ventilate the patient at a rate of 20 breaths/min, and the EMT replies, "Actually, sir, the correct ventilation rate is 10 breaths/min." This is an example of:

constructive intervention.

a 3 year old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. the childs mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. after completing your initial assessment of the child, you should

contact the regional poison control center.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

contusion

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis

Putrefaction is defined as:

decomposition of the body's tissues

Airbags are designed to

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

During your assessment of a 70-year old woman she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has:

deep vein thrombosis

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

delirium tremens

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is

depression

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the

dermal layer

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

Which of the following most accurately define negligence

deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury

Signs of excited delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:

diaphoretic

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called

diffusion

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by

dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.

During a call, the EMT observers her partner using an assessment approach that she is unfamiliar with. The patient is stable and has no life-threatening conditions. What should the EMT do?

discuss the assessment approach that was taken after the call is over

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm.

distal

A woman amputated the tip of her finger. Which directional term should be used to describe her injury location?

distal

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

distal humerus fracture

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

dry mucous membranes

Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following except

drying of the eyes.

The medical term for painful or difficult urination is

dysuria

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin

ears

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases.

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes

The frontal lobe of the brain controls

emotion

After a baby is born, it is important to:

ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed

Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you:

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety.

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

epinephrine

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is

failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tube

A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:

insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM.

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and state EMS office to

insert a peripheral intravenous catheter

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:

intranasal route

Which of the following medication routes would be the most appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained

intraosseous

A laceration

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.

The poison control center Will provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for patient with a drug overdose if the center

is aware of the substance that is involved.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

is excessively thirsty

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:

is in shock

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider:

is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen.

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

The term primigravida refers to a woman who:

is pregnant for the first time.

By placing one hand on top of your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

is sick

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

kidneys

The energy of a moving object is called:

kinetic energy

Substance abuse is most accurately defined as

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

When an auto-injector is used to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the:

lateral portion of the thigh.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa:

may not present with heavy vaginal bleeding.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:

lips

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver

The ____ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

liver

Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured

liver

Which of the following clinical presentations is most consistent with PID

lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:

lower the pitch of your voice.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMTs main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.

Which of the following is not a function of the Federal Communications Commission

maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance

Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by:

maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible.

Which of the following is not a facial bone

mastoid

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:

may be relatively painless.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. You should be MOST concerned that this patient:

may vomit and aspirate

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the

mechanism of injury

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is

medial

The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.

midline

While transferring a patient to ALS staff interference should be

minimized overall

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the

myocardium

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period

In contrast to conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is caused by

nerve damage

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

Before giving activated charcoal, you should:

obtain approval from medical control.

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

Which type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe

off-line

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes

preparing for immediate transport.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should

properly dispose of the syringe.

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by

protecting the body from infection

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who:

provides an organized, routine environment.

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

Relative to the ankle, the knee is:

proximal

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the

pulmonary veins

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pulse strength

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

rash

If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:

recognize that this does not mean the device will save more lives.

The left cerebral hemisphere controls

right side of the body

When assisting an ALS worker a BLS worker who performs a skill outside his or her level of certification

risks a lawsuit

Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk

saphenous

Which type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies?

scanner

Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder

schizophrenia

Functions of the liver include

secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:

secretions can build up in and around the tube.

When a female has reached menarche:

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

shrinkage of the brain

Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication?

simplex

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial (SA) node

The axial skeleton is composed of the

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.

slander

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

slow heart rate

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious has secretions in her mouth is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should

suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following except:

sunken fontanelles

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

A body part that is nearer to the head from a specific reference point is said to be

superior

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure?

syphilis

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

A newborn has four anatomic abnormalities of the heart. What prefix is used to describe this?

tetra

In the eyes of the court, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:

that inadequate patient care was administered

Gathering data about a patient begins when

the EMT is given dispatch information

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

the blood vessels become stiff

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking

After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT:

the general geographic location of the incident.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

EMTs receive a call for a possible sexual assault. The patient is a young female who is conscious and alert and has no apparent injuries. She states, "I cannot remember anything, but I know I was raped." The EMTs should suspect that:

the patient was given a drug prior to the incident.

Functions of the skin include all of the following except:

the production of key antibodies.