EMT Mod 1 Exam Review

Which of the following is the most significant factor in determining whether a person will become ill from certain germs?

Immunity.

Which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mentally incapacitated?

Implied

Which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

Increased weight

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

Kidneys

Two EMT's witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The EMT's ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMT's is considered

Legal but unethical

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

Mastoid

Which type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?

Off-line

Which of the following most accurately describes the correct position of the EMTs who are executing the diamond carry technique?

One at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso

Which step in EMS decision making comes after a patient has been transferred?

Outcome evaluation

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

Pituitary

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. Which aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

Plantar

Which of the following would the EMT MOST likely be asked to do when assisting a paramedic with endotracheal intubation?

Preoxygenation with a BVM

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

Prone

Which of the following criteria is required to become licensed and employed as an EMT?

Proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases.

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel?

Protecting patient privacy

Which type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies?

Scanner

Which of the following situations would require an urgent patient move?

Semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock

Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication?

Simplex

Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is correct?

Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety.

Which of the following statements regarding Good Samaritan laws is correct?

Such laws will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence.

Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure?

Syphilis

Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct?

The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing.

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct?

The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso

Which of the following statements regarding to toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.

Which of the following would MOST likely facilitate an accurate and effective verbal handoff report at the hospital?

Use of a mutually agreed-upon handoff format

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

a distal humerus fracture

The term "supra ventricular tachycardia" means:

a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles.

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

abduction

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

You are caring for a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate?

"It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically:

70 beats/min

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70 to 120 beats/min

A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ____________ hours following the incident.

72

Which of the following scenarios involves the administration of ALS?

A 48-year-old patient whose airway is secured with a supraglottic device.

Which of the following patients has decision-making capacity and can legally refuse emergency medical treatment?

A conscious and alert woman with severe abdominal pain

Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts abandonment?

A paramedic transfer patient care to an EMT.

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct?

A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse treatment

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is not correct?

A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column.

Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured.

EMS as we know it today had its origins in 1966 with the publication of:

Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society.

General adaption syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases?

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

Which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure?

An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug.

Which of the following statements an infant's vital signs is correct?

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's normal body temperature.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue.

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities?

Attempted suicide

Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training?

Automated external defibrillation

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

Brainstem

In which of the following manners should you act and speak with a patient?

Calm and confident

Which of the following incidents does not require a report to be filed with local authorities?

Cardiac arrest

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?

Community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving.

You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death?

Dependent lividity

Which of the following most accurately defines negligence?

Deviation from the standard of care that might result in further injury

Which is the most appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher?

Draw sheet method

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based mostly on:

EMS research

What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle?

Ensure the vehicle is stable.

A patient in a semi-reclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _____________ position.

Fowler

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should:

respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

The __________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

sacrum

A pregnant patient is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. This means that:

she has excessive vomiting

When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is first reflected onto the:

shoulder girdle

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial node

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.

slander

When the EMT assists a paramedic with an advanced intervention, he or she should recall that the focus of the intervention is on:

solving a clinical problem

The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the:

standard of care

The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

state office of EMS

The most serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:

substandard or inappropriate patient care

While caring for a patient, the EMT states to her partner, "Why even splint the patient's leg if they're only going to remove it in the ED?" This statement indicates that:

the EMT's focus is not on the common goal

The concept of consistent care across the entire health care team from first patient contact to patient discharge is called:

the continuum of care

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

EMTs arrive at the scene of an ill person. The EMR, who arrived before the EMTs, advises that the patient had a syncopal episode. The patient is conscious and alert and remains so throughout transport. When transferring patient care to the emergency department nurse, the EMT should advise the nurse that:

the patient had a reported syncopal episode

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

the removal of fluid from around the heart

When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting:

the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae

When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid:

using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:

wash your hands in between patient contacts

The most effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to:

wear at least three layers of clothing

The extremity lift would not be appropriate to use on a patient:

with a deformed humerus

In contrast to a heath care group, a health care team

works interdependently

The carpal bones form the:

wrist

A positive TB skin test indicates that:

you have been exposed to TB.

In an independent group, you would have:

your own work area

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli

A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be:

an informed refusal.

Premature diagnosis during a call can be due to what error?

anchoring

Vectorborne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

animals or insects

As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:

another EMT

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

apex

Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called:

assault

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to:

assist a patient with certain prescribed medications.

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and a receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:

base station

The most appropriate carrying device to use when moving a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the:

basket stretcher

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be:

brief and easily understood

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, except:

carbon dioxide deficiency

The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the healthcare setting can usually be traced to:

careless handling of sharps

For a do not resuscitate (DNR) order to be valid, it must:

clearly state the patient's medical problem

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

Health care providers who infrequently work together can function effectively as a team if they work in environment that supports and promotes:

collaboration

For patient handoff, it is important for EMTs and hospital staff to use:

common language

All information recorded on the PCR must be:

considered confidential

Ethnocentrism is defined as:

considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:

continue to be a nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.

The patient care report (PCR) ensures:

continuity of care

Which comes first in EMS decision making?

data gathering

Putrefaction is defined as:

decomposition of the body's tissues

It is essential that you ___________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

decontaminate

The effectiveness of pit crew CPR is dependent on:

defining clear roles and responsibilities before the call is received

When communication with a visually impaired patient, you should:

determine the degree of the patient's impairment

An EMT would most likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she:

did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all the following, except:

discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives.

If a problem with a team member is not directly or immediately impacting patient care, the team leader should:

discuss the problem after the call

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ___________ forearm.

distal

When working as an independent health care group member, the EMT should expect that he or she:

does not have to wait for an assignment before performing a task

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases

Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, except:

elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

The EMT certification exam is designed to:

ensure that EMTs are competent and have the same level of knowledge and skills.

The most important consideration at the scene of a hazardous materials incident is:

ensuring your personal safety

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

In an interdependent group, when one person fails:

everyone fails

To be a great EMT, strive for:

foundational knowledge

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 pounds with fewer than ___________ rescuers, regardless of individual strength.

four

The direct carry is used to transfer a patient:

from a bed to the ambulance stretcher

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:

have been infected with hepatitis A in the past

An effective team leader should:

help the team accomplish goals.

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

hemostasis

Enlargement of the liver is called:

hepatomegaly

The elbow is an example of a ___________ joint.

hinge

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to:

identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.

In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care indicates:

inadequate patient care was administered.

Characteristics of eustress following dispatch to a high-speed motor vehicle collision may include:

increased self-image from performing well under a challenging situation.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include:

increased stability from a wider wheelbase

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except:

increased surface area available for air exchange

Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:

individual EMT

The topographic term used to describe the parts of the body that are nearer to the feet is:

inferior

The most serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:

injury to you or your patient

EMTs and other health care providers function as a true team when they work:

interdependently

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This mean that she:

is excessively thirsty

In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor:

is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should:

keep the weight as close to your body as possible

The first rule of safe lifting is to:

keep your back in a straight, vertical position

When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should

kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over

Continuing education in EMS serves to:

maintain, update, and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills.

Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by:

maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is:

medial

The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the:

medical director

The nose, chin, umbilicus (navel), and spine are examples of __________ anatomic structures.

midline

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

myocardium

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include:

not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:

not disclosing his or her name

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:

offer little or no side protection.

A patient with a pneumothorax has unilateral chest expansion. This means that:

only one side of his chest rises when he inhales

Cardiac monitoring, pharmacologic interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the:

paramedic

An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n):

paramedic.

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"?

posterior

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

protecting the body from infection

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins

You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is MOST effectively managed by:

requesting a CISM team to provide on-scene peer support

Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser:

requests sexual favors in exchange for something else.

The capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from stress is called:

resilience

A _____________ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.

repeater

If a defribillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:

recognize that this does not mean the device will save more lives.

After applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should:

remove them only after hospital personnel have requested you to do so.