EMT Quiz 13

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. 250 mL 500 mL 1 liter 2 liters

1 liter

You are treating a patient who has been ejected from a motor vehicle collision. The patient is responsive to a trapezius pinch by opening his eyes and bringing his arms across his chest. The patient also grunts when stimulated. What is this patient's Glasgow Coma Scale. 6. 7. 8. 9.

7

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct? Venous and capillary blood typically does not clot spontaneously. Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vessel dilates. Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting. A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct? It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle.

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? a 4′8″ patient who fell 13′ a 5′0″ patient who fell 13′ a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′ a 5′9″ patient who fell 14′

a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? flail chest aortic rupture extremity fractures forehead lacerations

aortic rupture

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: obtain baseline vital signs. apply a nonrebreathing mask. perform a secondary assessment. assist the patient's ventilations.

assist the patient's ventilations.

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: underlying cardiac disease. a lacerated coronary artery. bruising of the heart muscle. traumatic rupture of the aorta.

bruising of the heart muscle.

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? compression of the head against the roof lateral bending of the neck during the crash impact of the head against the steering wheel whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover

compression of the head against the roof

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: ensure the patient has a patent airway. control the bleeding with direct pressure. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? collapsed dashboard deformed steering wheel caved-in passenger door intrathoracic hemorrhage

deformed steering wheel

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? dismounted seats steering wheel deformity intrusion into the vehicle deployment of the air bag

deployment of the air bag

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: a rapid, thready pulse. rapid, shallow breathing. dizziness upon standing. a decreasing blood pressure.

dizziness upon standing.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? lateral impact to the spine energy transmission to the spine direct trauma to the spinal column secondary fall after the initial impact

energy transmission to the spine

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control? femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: an aortic aneurysm. acute appendicitis. gastrointestinal bleeding. intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

gastrointestinal bleeding.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: be involved in trauma prevention programs. have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: dyspnea. hematuria. hemoptysis. hematemesis.

hematemesis.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: is wearing only a lap belt. remains within the vehicle. experiences multiple impacts. is ejected or partially ejected.

is ejected or partially ejected.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: bruising only. pain and distention. widespread ecchymosis. significant hypotension.

pain and distention.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: preparing for immediate transport. applying oxygen via nasal cannula. performing a focused physical exam. a detailed assessment of his abdomen.

preparing for immediate transport.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should: assess the quality of her pulse. repeat the primary assessment. begin assisting her ventilations. perform a secondary assessment.

repeat the primary assessment.

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? lateral and rollover frontal and rotational Rear-end and rotational rotational and rollover

rotational and rollover

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: liver. spleen. pancreas. gallbladder.

spleen.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: stabilize her cervical spine. obtain baseline vital signs. inspect the helmet for cracks. leave her bicycle helmet on.

stabilize her cervical spine.

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma.

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: veins carry deoxygenated blood. veins hold smaller blood volume. veins are under a lower pressure. blood typically oozes from a vein.

veins are under a lower pressure.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: weakness or dizziness. a low blood pressure. diaphoresis and pale skin. a heart rate over 120 beats/min.

weakness or dizziness.