EMT2023 Chapter's 12, 16, & 17

Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

With the flowmeter set at 6L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _____ oxygen.

44%

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the cells.

When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?

Nexium

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

adequate air exchange.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

The respiration distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will most likely find her respirations:

deep and rapid.

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

immune system.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.

The processes that occur during respiration are:

inspiration and expiration.

In _______ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

peer-assisted

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:

start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation of platelets.

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain and discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

A pleural effusion is most accurately defined as:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

A patient with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) tells you that the device's pump flow is continuous. Which of the following should you expect to encounter during your assessment?

Absence of a palpable pulse

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

Alveoli

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Aspiration pneumonia

Which of the following is an example of a generic of a drug?

Aspirin

Which of the following medications is commonly given to patients with chest pain to prevent blood clots from forming or getting bigger?

Aspirin

An example of an anti-inflammatory is:

Aspirin.

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breaths sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine?

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

A 40-year-old man in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

Dependent edema

A 66-year-old woman presents with stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What do these signs and symptoms most likely indicate?

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

What medical form does oral glucose come in?

Gel

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient exhales, and before inhaling, the patient should put his or her lips around the inhaler, take a deep breath, and depress the inhale. You should:

Instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

To reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose you should administer:

Narcan.

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for this patient?

Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

Which of the following conditions would be least likely to result in hypoxia?

Severe anxiety

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would most likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected narcotic overdose?

Slow respirations

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

Sublingually

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or fentanyl patch?

Transcutaneous

Albuterol is a generic name for:

Ventolin

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, except:

a narcotic overdose.

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

abnormal breath sounds.

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:

absorption.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect:

acute pulmonary embolism.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical direct to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:

automaticity.

The most common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they:

are in denial.

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:

ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is most important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

atherosclerosis.

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

authorization from medical control has been obtained.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

between the skin and the muscle.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:

blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

blood acidity is reduce by excessive breathing.

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:

cardiovascular disease.

You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:

confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date. You should:

contact medical control.

Ischemic heart disease is defined as:

decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium.

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

decreased pumping force of the heart muscle.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40℉(5℃). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

dry the chest if it is wet.

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

expiratory wheezing.

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the:

femoral arteries.

The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

form

The medical term for a low blood glucose level is:

hypoglycemia.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:

ibuprofen.

The AED is most advantageous to the EMT because:

it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.

Angina pectoris occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the LL and RL electrodes should be placed:

on the thighs or ankles.

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down". A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

overdosed on an opioid drug.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm HG in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her in a supine position.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medications and that interactions can occur with potentially negative effects.

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

respirations increase in rate and depth.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

right atrium.

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

slows the heart and respiratory rates.

The right coronary artery supplies blood to the:

right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle.

Dyspnea is most accurately defined as:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

The electrical impulse generated by the hear originates in the:

sinoatrial node.

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:

stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

stridor.

Separation is especially an issue with medicine used as a(n):

suspension.

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

the inner layers of the aorta became separated.

The term "pharmacology" is most accurately defined as:

the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely.

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to ______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.

three