Endocrine Physiology
Estrogen is secreted by
A follicle in the ovary
Glucagon is
A peptide hormone
The following are called metabolic hormones EXCEPT
ACTH
Excess secretion of growth hormone will cause
Acromegaly
Common causes of hypercortisolism
Adrenal tumor, pituitary tumor, exogenous cortisol treatment, hypothalamic tumor
Excess androgens in females
Adrenogenital syndrome
Damage to the middle zone of the adrenal cortex would result in
Decreased blood glucose levels
A patient confides in you that he has recently been experiencing increased sweating, intolerance to heat, insomnia, weight loss, and increased basal metabolic rate. You would predict that the patient has
Hyperthyroidism
The most common cause of Addison's disease is
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
A patient with low levels of insulin will NOT demonstrate which of the following symptoms
Hypoglycemia
The feeding and safety centers are located in the
Hypothalamus
A rise in cortisol would cause each of the following except one. Identify the exception.
Increased ACTH levels
A 28 year old healthy woman has regular menstrual cycles at age 13. She is involved in a devastating accident where she is one of 4 passengers who escape death. Now she has frequent nightmares of the accident. Which of the following most likely mediated her condition?
Increased CRH
If the ovaries were removed from an otherwise healthy 20-year-old female, which of the following would you expect to see?
Increased blood levels of GnRH, FSH, LH, and cessation of menstruation
A male body builder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a regular basis. After three weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe?
Increased sex drive, decreased levels of GnRH, LH, and FSH
An increase in plasma PTH levels would lead to an increase in which of the following?
Increased synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3
If a middle aged person is diagnosed with Grave's disease, which of the following pathological conditions would you expect to observe
Insomnia, goiter, loss of weight, exophthalmos
You have just eaten a hamburger with fries. What will happen?
Insulin is released
A 40 year old woman runs the Boston marathon in record time. Which of the following describes her hormone balance as she reaches the finish line?
Insulin low, glucagon high
Which of the following characteristics would NOT be seen in a hypothyroid patient
Intolerance to heat
Aromatase
Is an enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol
Which of the following information is FALSE regarding growth hormone
It has similar function as insulin in regulating blood glucose levels
The following is true about insulin EXCEPT
It is a catabolic hormone
Which of the following about testosterone is NOT true
It is synthesized in seminiferous tubules
Plasma levels of calcium are controlled by the direct action of parathyroid hormone upon
Kidney and bone
Males have XXY chromosome
Klinefelter
Some of the endocrine problems during fetal development include
Klinefelter's syndrome
Your friend is taking high levels of a cortisone preparation to treat a bad case of contact dermatitis. Based on your knowledge of the HPA axis, you would predict the following symptoms, EXCEPT
Low blood glucose levels
A friend just had a blood test done. Based on which of the results below would you expect hypocoritsolism?
Low coritsol, high ACTH
Your cousin sister confides in you that she and her husband are trying to start a family. However, she has not been successful in carrying the pregnancy to full term yet. You suspect that an analysis of her blood will reveal
Low levels of progesterone
Which of the following hormones is responsible for ovulation
Lutenizing hormone
Which of the following is NOT produced by the placenta?
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Thyroid hormones bind to
Nuclear, mitochondrial, and cell surface receptors
The following condition/s can result from a deficiency in Vitamin D
Osteomalacia
Lactation is influenced by
Oxytocin, prolactin, progesterone, growth hormone
Some of the effects of testosterone include all the following except
Protection of the brain from glucose starvation
Caused by vitamin D deficiency in childhood
Rickets
Sperm production occurs in
Seminiferous tubules
Normal physiological function of the parathyroid hormone is to
Stimulate osteoclast activity, increase the rate of calcium resorption, decrease the rate of calcium excretion, raise the level of calcium in the blood
The product of the SRY gene is
Testis-determining factor
Which of the following best describes the events that occur during the menstrual cycle
The follicular phase lasts for about 14 days
In the condition known as cryptpchidism,
The testes fail to descend into the scrotum
True statements about thyroid hormones include which of the following
They are essential for normal growth and development
A 15 month old baby appears to be growing more slowly than normal. Her appearance alerts the pediatrician to the possibility of hypothyroidism. A number of tests are performed. What could be clinical symptoms to confirm doctor's suspicion?
Thyroid gland is enlarged, Serum T4 is lower than normal, Serum TSH level is high, baby has iodine deficiency
The principal site of action of TSH is
Thyroid glands
FSH is an example of
Trophic hormone
A boy who has not gone reached puberty yet sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After the individual grows to maturity one would expect that he would
be sterile, have impaired function of the Sertoli cells
Vitamin D is all of the following EXCEPT
decreased Ca absorption from the gut
Which of the following is responsible for benign prostrate hyperplasia?
5-alpha reductase
Removal of the pituitary gland will cause which of the following changes?
Atrophy of the thyroid gland, cessation of the menstrual cycle, impaired testosterone secretion
Elevated levels of calcium in the blood stimulate the secretion of
Calcitionin
Hyperglycemia is induced by all of the following hormones except
Calcitonin
The adrenal medulla produces
Catecholamines
Timmy is a 5 year old boy with an endocrine disorder. He is not growing properly like other normal boys of his age and is quite short in stature. He complains of extreme fatigue, cold and poor mental reflexes. Timmy has been diagnosed with
Cretinism
Severe lack of thyroid hormones can lead to the following
Cretinism, myxedema, mental retardation
Examples of hormones that bind to nuclear receptors include
Estrogen and thyroid hormones
Hormonal changes during normal pregnancy are correctly described by which of the following statements?
Estrogen secretion increases at the end of pregnancy
During the menstrual cycle,
FSH is required for development of a new follicle
Hypogonadism in males refers to
Failure of testes to function
Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from type I diabetes?
Glucosuria, ketoacidosis, thirst, polydypsia, hyperglycemia
Autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
Hashimotos
An individual with testicular feminizing syndrome would show symptoms associated with
Hermaphroditism
A patient who is post menopausal will show all except
High levels of estrogen
Hypercalcemia may be caused by
High levels of vitamin D, hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcitonemia