endocrine system hw

liver cells

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Cells in the pancreas. Liver cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Intestinal cells. Muscle cells.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed? mineralocorticoids parathyroid hormone (PTH) oxytocin antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

-Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary? -No functional relationship exists between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. -Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary. -Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate hormone secretion by the posterior pituitary. -Posterior pituitary synthesizes hormones released by the hypothalamus.

negative feedback

What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion? negative feedback taking vitamins positive feedback neural stimulation

the kidney

What organ secretes erythropoietin? the heart the placenta the stomach the kidney

Erythropoietin

stimulates production of red blood cells.

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells and muscle cells only. Muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. Liver cells only.

adrenal

Darlene is a 67-year-old woman who has been admitted to the hospital with rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, sweating, and irritability. Her doctor brings the result of diagnostic scans that show an abdominal tumor. What gland is involved? pancreas kidney adrenal gland pituitary gland

directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis

How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells? stimulate release of calcium ions activate cyclic AMP directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis activate a second messenger

decreased mental abilities

The efficiency of the endocrine system as a whole gradually declines in old age. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the endocrine system and body homeostasis? insulin production decline decreased mental abilities higher cancer rate muscle atrophy less able to resist stress and infection

parathyroid

The glands located alongside the thyroid gland are called ------ glands.

glucocorticoids

The group of hormones made by the adrenal cortex that regulate sugar metabolism are called --------.

thyroxine

The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called

para

The prefix ----- means "beside," "near" or "alongside."

acro

The prefix ----- means "extremity."

adren

The prefix ----- means "relating to the adrenal glands."

thyro

The prefix ----- means "relating to the thyroid gland."

gluco

The prefix ------ means "sugar" or "glucose."

ANP

--- inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure.

secretin

----- stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions.

cck

----- stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder.

gastrin

------- stimulates HCl release in the stomach.

adrenocorticotropic

A chemical signal to activate the adrenal cortex is called ------------- hormone.

-Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

A liver cell responds to insulin by -Releasing glucagon. -Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose. -Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. -Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. -Releasing insulin.

acromegaly

Abnormal enlargement of the extremities is called -------.

-.It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland

How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland? -It sends nerve impulses to the glandular cells of the anterior pituitary. -It releases Na+ to trigger hormone release by the anterior pituitary cells -.It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland -.It sends nerve impulses along axons that release hormones within the anterior pituitary gland.

acromegaly

Hypersecretion of growth hormone could lead to which of the following conditions? Addison's disease diabetes insipidus masculinization acromegaly

thyroxine

Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms? thyroxine calcitonin vasopressin aldosterone

insulin

Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released? insulin cortisol glucagon catecholamine

Addison's disease

Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have? Addison's disease Graves' disease diabetes mellitus Cushing's syndrome

homeostasis

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called homeostasis. diabetes . negative feedback. positive feedback. None of the above.

.The pancreas releases insulin.

When blood glucose levels are high The pancreas releases glucose. The liver releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucagon .The pancreas releases insulin. The liver releases glucagon.

in the nucleus of target cells

Where are receptors for steroid hormones found? in the plasma membrane of target cells in the nucleus of target cells in the cytoplasm in the extracellular fluids surrounding the target cells

epinephrine

Which hormone is released by nerve impulses? aldosterone thyrotropic hormone epinephrine calcitonin

leptin

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite? secretin leptin erythropoietin natriuretic peptide

gastrin

Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach? cholecystokinin (CCK) secretin leptin gastrin

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood? parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) aldosterone and calcitonin

menopause

Which of the following is a common age-associated condition? goiter acromegaly menopause cretinism

calcium ions

Which of the following is a humoral stimulus for hormone release? TSH sympathetic nerves stimulation hypothalamic activity calcium ions

uncontrollable muscle spasms

Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism? myxedema massive bone destruction uncontrollable muscle spasms exophthalmos

adrenal gland

Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney? thymus pineal gland pancreas adrenal gland

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? growth hormone (GH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) oxytocin (OT)

-An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin.

Which of these is an example of using a humoral stimulus to cause hormone secretion? -An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin. -The adrenal cortex releases cortisol when stimulated by the anterior pituitary gland. -Sympathetic stimulation triggers the release of epinephrine -.Hypothalamic stimulation triggers the release of growth hormone.

ductless

Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland? secretes onto a body surface must be close to its target cells secretes into a body cavity ductless

Osteoporosis

Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females? osteoporosis reduced resistance to infection decline in metabolic rate reduced secretion of growth hormone

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range? The pancreas secretes insulin. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. The pancreas secretes glucagon. The adrenal gland secretes aldosterone.

-The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism? -Hormones determine the metabolic rate of all cells. -Hormone concentrations rise and fall depending on the time of day -.All hormones are regulated by other hormones. -The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

-Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.

Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone? -The liver removes the hormone before all cells can be exposed. -Glands don't secrete enough hormone to affect all body cells. -All body cells aren't exposed to the hormone. -Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.