Endocrine System

Which of the following hormones stimulates protein catabolism? a. cortisol b. thyroid hormone and growth hormone c. glucagon d. cortisol and glucagon e. growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and cortisol

cortisol

The endocrine gland that is located in the neck is the ___________.

parathyroid gland

Which hormone is used as an anti-inflammatory to treat inflammation

glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)

A gland releases its hormone in response to changing levels of sodium (Na+) in the blood. This gland is stimulated by:

humoral stimulation

Steroid hormones: 1. Are produced from cholesterol by the endoplasmic reticulum 2. Are bound to a protein carrier to be transported in the blood to their target cells. 3. Enter target cells and bind with receptors within the cell - either within the cytosol or the nucleus. 4. Once bound to its receptor, interact with the DNA within the cell causing the synthesis of new proteins.

1. Are produced from cholesterol by the endoplasmic reticulum 2. Are bound to a protein carrier to be transported in the blood to their target cells. 3. Enter target cells and bind with receptors within the cell - either within the cytosol or the nucleus. 4. Once bound to its receptor, interact with the DNA within the cell causing the synthesis of new proteins.

Which of the following are involved in the action of water-soluble hormones? 1. G proteins 2. receptor within the cytosol of the target cell 3. adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C 4. 2nd messengers (e.g., cAMP, DAG, IP3). 5. activation of kinase enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules

1. G proteins 3. adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C 4. 2nd messengers (e.g., cAMP, DAG, IP3). 5. activation of kinase enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules

Which of the following is an ACCURATE statement concerning the endocrine system?

The ligand released from endocrine glands binds to receptors initiating a cellular change.

Which of the following are ACCURATELY matched with the hormone it releases? 1. adrenal cortex...aldosterone 2. pancreas..insulin and glucagon 3. ovaries...estrogen and progesterone 4. liver...erythropoietin 5. adrenal medulla...epinephrine

1. adrenal cortex...aldosterone 2. pancreas..insulin and glucagon 3. ovaries...estrogen and progesterone 4. liver...erythropoietin 5. adrenal medulla...epinephrine

Water-soluble hormones: 1. are produced by ribosomes (if proteins) or within the cytosol (if biogenic amines) 2. do not require carrier proteins to be transported in the blood 3. bind to receptors embedded within the plasma membrane 4. activate (turn on) or inhibit (turn off) enzymatic pathways

1. are produced by ribosomes (if proteins) or within the cytosol (if biogenic amines) 2. do not require carrier proteins to be transported in the blood 3. bind to receptors embedded within the plasma membrane 4. activate (turn on) or inhibit (turn off) enzymatic pathways

Which of the following are accurately matched with the hormones it synthesizes? 1. hypothalamus...oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone 2. hypothalamus...thyrotropin-releasing hormone 3. anterior pituitary...thyroid hormone and cortisol 4. anterior pitutiary...thyroid stimlating hormone

1. hypothalamus...oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone 2. hypothalamus...thyrotropin-releasing hormone 4. anterior pitutiary...thyroid stimlating hormone

Which of the organs listed below are endocrine glands?

1. pancreas 4. pituitary 5. thyroid

Which of the following are accurately matched with the hormones it produces? 1. pancreas...insulin and glucagon 2. liver...cortisol, aldosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone 3. adrenal medulla...epinephrine and norepinephrine 4. stomach...secretin and cholecystokinin

1. pancreas...insulin and glucagon 3. adrenal medulla...epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following hormones are released from the anterior pituitary? 1. prolactin 2. corticotropin-releasing hormone 3. growth hormone 4. thyroid stimulating hormone

1. prolactin 3. growth hormone 4. thyroid stimulating hormone

Which of the following are ACCURATELY paired with the hormone they release? 1. stomach...gastrin 2. liver...angiotensinogen 3. heart...atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 4. kidneys...erythropoietin 5. adrenal cortex...testosterone

1. stomach...gastrin 2. liver...angiotensinogen 3. heart...atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 4. kidneys...erythropoietin

Arrange the following in the correct order for the release of thyroid hormone. 1. Release thyroid hormone 2. Release thyroid stimulating hormone 3. Release thyrotropin releasing hormone 4. Thyroid hormone binds to target cells.

3, 2, 1, 4 3. Release thyrotropin releasing hormone 2. Release thyroid stimulating hormone 1.Release thyroid hormone 4. Thyroid hormone binds to target cells.

Arrange the following in the correct order for the release of cortisol. 1. Release cortisol 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released 3. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) is released 4. Cortisol binds to target cells.

3. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) is released 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released 1. Release cortisol 4. Cortisol binds to target cells.

Insulin causes a decrease in blood glucose levels by causing... 1. liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis. 2. liver cells to increase glycogenolysis. 3. liver cells to increase glycogenesis. 4. all cells especially muscle to increase amino acid uptake into the cell. 5. cells of adipose connective tissue (adipocytes) to increase lipogenesis.

3. liver cells to increase glycogenesis. 4. all cells especially muscle to increase amino acid uptake into the cell. 5. cells of adipose connective tissue (adipocytes) to increase lipogenesis.

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the anatomical relationship of the pituitary and the hypothalamus? 1. The anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus by a neural connection. 2. The posterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus by a blood connection. 3. The anterior pituitary releases two hormones: ADH and oxytocin. 4. The hormones stored in the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the hypothalamus. 5. The anterior pituitary releases more hormones than the posterior pituitary.

4. The hormones stored in the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the hypothalamus. 5. The anterior pitutiary releases more hormones than the posterior pituitary.

In what way is the nervous and endocrine systems similar?

Both secrete molecules that attach to receptors of other cells.

The gland that releases dehydroepiandrosterone is the:

adrenal cortex

All of the following hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus EXCEPT: a.growth hormone-releasing hormone b. adrenocorticotropic hormone c. prolactin-inhibiting hormone d. oxytocin e. thyrotropin-releasing hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

1. pituitary gland...hypophysis 2. hypothalamus...component of brain located superior to the pituitary gland 3. posterior pituitary...releases ADH and oxytocin 4. anterior pituitary...releases TP-FLAG hormones

all

Which of the following play a role in regulating the release of growth hormone? a. nutrient levels in the blood b. circadian rhythms (biorhythms) c. all of the options are stimuli for the release of growth hormone d. age e. negative feedback by increasing levels of growth hormone

all of the options are stimuli for the release of growth hormone

All of the following are steroid hormones EXCEPT:

atrial natriuretic factor

Which of the following hormones requires a carrier to be transported in the blood? a. epinephrine b. estrogen c. glucagon d. insulin e. growth hormone

b. estrogen

The immune response involves the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) from helper T-lymphocytes. Following its release, it binds to receptors of helper T-Lymphocytes to participate in the activation of helper T-lymphocytes. This is an example of: a. inhibition b. negative feedback c. paracrine stimulation Incorrect d. autocrine stimulation e. steroid stimulation

d. autocrine stimulation

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are all examples of: a. competitive inhibitors b. water-soluble hormones c. steroid hormones d. local hormones e. enzymes

d. local hormones

In response to long-term overstimulation, target cells reduce the number of receptors for a hormone through __________________.

down regulation

Which of these hormones can pass unassisted through a plasma membrane? a. insulin b. epinephrine c. oxytocin d. glucagon e. cortisol

e. cortisol

The primary hormone responsible for altering metabolism is ____________.

thyroid hormone