Eng 3: Unit 3

tone

the attitude a writer takes towards his topic and his audience; it may be enthusiastic, serious, humorous, sarcastic, etc.

quotation

the repetition of exact words and punctuation from oral or written sources

Details, Descriptions, and Facts.

A writer needs to select and organize details, descriptions, and facts. In order to obtain them, he needs to conduct extensive (thorough) research.

In the ________________ format of an 11-paragraph argumentative essay, you prove a point, refute a counterpoint, and provide a rebuttal.

alternating

logic

principles that govern correct or reliable inference

refute

prove to be false or erroneous

Quotes are __________ and __________.

exact words and punctuation quotations

By saying, "My fellow good human beings," a speaker is appealing to ethical beliefs.

True

complexity

a complicated or intricate item

To determine an organizing format that is appropriate for the purpose, the audience, and the context, you need to perform ____________.

circuital thinking

Propaganda

extreme form of persuasive writing; purpose is to persuade

the writerc________A(n) source is more reliable than a(n) _________source.

primary, secondary

perspective

the ability to see all of the relevant information in a relationship; viewpoint

Divergent views in an argumentative essay give the reader __________________ knowledge.

increased

Relevant perspectives are _____.

viewpoints related to the subject at hand

Expository writing

writing that explains

In the _________________ format of an 8-paragraph argumentative essay, you first refute your counterpoints and then prove your points.

claim-counterclaim

In the _______________ format of an 11-paragraph argumentative essay, you prove a point, refute a counterpoint, and then you prove a point and refute a counterpoint.

cluster

You should explain what is wrong with your opponents, not their ideas.

false You should keep your focus on their ideas, not the actual person.

The reasons that you should craft the language in an argumentative essay to appeal to emotions and ethical beliefs is that both are _____.

universally strong

An advantage in translating complex information from text into an image or graphic is that the end product is _____________ and therefore, the information is easier for audience members to understand.

visual

The words "Before utilizing your EmerGenC camper lamp," and "Then," are ____________ that give you hints about the logical sequence of information.

transitions

One way to help figure out the best format for an argumentative essay for a particular audience is to ask questions and examine the details, facts, descriptions,_________ , and divergent views you gather during research.

opinions

If you were to call across the room "Slowpoke!" to another student, you would be using emotionally charged words.

True

Which set of words shows diction that supports the writer's purpose of explaining? Set A: "Two types of tea ceremonies may be celebrated: the sunken hearth in the colder months and the brazier in the hotter months." Set B: "I believe that everyone should participate in a Japanese tea ceremony every day."

A

A divergent view is like a(n) _________________.

divergent opinion

Details, facts, descriptions, expert opinions, quotations, and expressions of commonly accepted beliefs are all _____ that build perspectives.

evidence

Evidence from an irrelevant and unreliable source would be _____.

irrelevant and unreliable

The writer, the audience, and _____ hold relevant perspectives.

other individuals and experts

The primary source of a novel is _____.

the writer

Historical Context

If words, sentences, or paragraphs in informational text are in an historical context, it means that the text surrounding the words, sentences, or paragraphs is about times occurring before now.

Stay on track while organizing an argumentative essay by emphasizing the topic, which is an explanation of the argument.

True

counterclaim

a contrasting or opposing argument; counterargument

Gaining greater trust from the audience might result in them acting in ____________ and agreeing with the writer's opinion in an argumentative essay.

reciprocation

Problem-and-Solution Structural Pattern

the writer introduces the reader to a problem and then suggests a solution to persuade the audience to accept the thesis statement.

A(n) ____ is the ability to see all of the relevant information an individual or a group has about an essay's topic.

perspective

Question-and-Answer Structural Pattern

the writer asks a question and then answers with facts to get the audience to agree with his thesis statement.

7 Steps to Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 1 -Ask the all-important question.

"What idea am I trying to prove?" Once you select a topic, you need to decide whether you want to take the pro (for) position or the con (against) position.

exposition

clear explanation

2 -Determine the contents.

Include your view or opinion about the idea you want your essay to prove.

Purpose

To persuade the audience to agree with the writer's opinion about a topic by supporting it with descriptions, details, facts, and opinions.

counterpoint

a point that contrasts with another point

Emotionally charged language

language with strong emotional tone, whether negative or positive EX: Be quiet I demand shut up you are important to me thank you i love you

The perspectives about an essay's topic may be those of _____.

the audience the writer others and experts

When you hear a speech that starts off with the word, "Tragically, . . . ," you can expect it to be emotionally charged.

True

constitute

make up; form; create

helps writer achieve purpose

mood hyperbole/overstatement symbolism

creates balance or symmetry

parallel structure

To determine how relevant and reliable a source is, you should use _____.

critical thinking

If you check the source for a source and find it to be incorrect, you would believe that the original source is _____.

less reliable

When you hear a speech that starts off with the word, "Statistically, . . . ," you can expect it to be emotionally charged.

False

The environment in which an argumentative essay is spoken or printed is its __________.

context

The environment that surrounds words, sentences, or paragraphs in informational text is their ______.

context

decreases range of interpretation

contradiction analogy subtlety

increases trust of nonfiction piece

contradiction analogy subtlety

___________-counterargument ________-refute

counterclaim disprove

counterargument

a contrasting or opposing argument; counterclaim

By gathering much evidence during research for an essay, a writer gains much _________.

positiveness

diction

the words a writer chooses

creates distrust of nonfiction piece

hyperbole/overstatement sarcasm

When you express divergent views, you should always express them accurately and honestly and ____________ and should never take them out of context.

in your words

Compare-Contrast Structural Pattern

the writer compares or contrasts entities by spotlighting their similarities and differences to convince the audience to accept his thesis statement. The compare-contrast enables readers to easily understand the two entities.

increases range of interpretation

ambiguity paradox irony

The essay clarifies the subject of why humans depend upon bees by giving a clear explanation. The type of nonfiction writing in this essay is ____________________.

expository

Text features.

ext features help readers comprehend nonfiction writing. Three types of text features exist: 1)print features include bold print, colored print, italics, titles, headings, labels, captions, and bullets 2)graphic aids include fact boxes, diagrams, size comparisons, magnifications, photographs, cross-sections/cutaways, tables, graphs, charts, timelines, and maps 3)organizational aids include table of contents, introductions, supplemental information, indexes, glossaries, and pronunciation guides

language that appeals to ethical beliefe

Ex: As good citizen correctly ethically morally rightly my fellow human being

softens criticism and injects humor

irony

tropes

literary or rhetorical devices that consist in the use of words in all but their literal sense

To support divergent views in an argumentative essay, a writer uses _____.

counterpoints

Cultural Context

Example: "A Japanese tea ceremony in which powdered green tea or matcha will be served may be performed in a special room in a hotel in Kyoto, Japan. Another name for a Japanese tea ceremony is the Way of Tea."

By obtaining much knowledge through research, a writer may write a _____ thesis statement.

balanced

While you're organizing an argumentative essay, refrain from utilizing _________ and unclear, lengthy language, and as a result, you will use good language.

clichés

The knowledge a writer obtains through research makes him ______ so he can write a clear, concise, and bold thesis statement.

more confident

4 -Create a working thesis statement.

You are set to create a working thesis statement for your argumentative essay.

To be assured of including everything or having integrity while organizing an argumentative essay, you need to be ____________.

complete

An audience that has more knowledge can more easily make a(n) _____ judgment about an essay.

informed

A writer's purpose in informational text is to __________.

explain

divergent view

a differing view or opinion

To incorporate complexities in an argumentative essay, it is first necessary to understand them and then weave them together in a(n) _______________ manner.

organized

Topic

The topic of nonfiction is like a theme in fiction. The writer must decide upon the topic of his work unless it is assigned.

The attainment of much knowledge through diligent research _____ a writer for writing.

prepares

Supporting text

words in nonfiction that backs up the meaning if inferences and the drawing of conclusion.

Persuasive writing

writing that supports a writer's opinion; purpose is to persuade

A secondary source would be _____.

-a book about a primary source -an article about a primary source -a report about a primary source

COnclusion

a definite decision drawn after examining details, facts, descriptions, and opinions.

Important ways to provide __________ for an argumentative essay are creating and following an outline and choosing and adhering to a format.

organization

Contemporary Context

A contemporary context means that the informational writing is about existing or modern times. Contemporary means existing, occurring, or living at the same time.

By starting off a sentence with the word, "Morally . . . ," the speaker is appealing to the audience's sense of logic.

False

Because a writer gives her audience more information when she presents divergent views, the writer gains _______from audience members.

I think its 'trust' Instead, he gave you divergent choices and let you choose the one you wanted according to your needs. As a result, you trust him more.

universal

applicable everywhere or in all cases

By presenting divergent views, an argumentative essay writer presents a(n) ____________ towards the audience.

more positive tone

Cause-and-Effect Structural Pattern

the writer spells out step by step how an event (the cause) is followed by another event (the effect) in a logical way to try and prove his thesis statement.

5 -Choose the correct form, location, parameters, and wording.

Form. First, the thesis statement of an argumentative essay will be the statement of your opinion with three points that support your opinion. You should design the second sentence in your thesis statement to spur your audience; a call to action. Location. The last two sentences of the first paragraph is the correct location for the thesis statement of your argumentative essay. Parameters. Make sure the thesis statement of your argumentative essay has limits; otherwise, it will be too expansive and you'll have to sift through too many details, facts, descriptions, or opinions. Wording. Example: "The lack of math fluency in American children should be solved with the aid of mentors because mentoring (1) develops creativity among students, (2) fosters problem-solving skills among students, and (3) increases interest in math among students. If we do not immediately increase math fluency among our students, America will fall behind in global competition." (The writer wants to persuade readers that American children suffer from lack of math knowledge and wants individuals to step forward to become active mentors who would help solve the problem.)

The context of a word, sentence, or paragraph in an informational text may be cultural, __________________, or contemporary.

historical

Combining style, which includes tone, and diction helps a writer advance her _______________ and perspective.

purpose

Inference

a possibility made after examining fact.

Descriptive Structural Pattern

the writer uses descriptive reasons to argue for the correctness of his thesis statement. He explains an entity, a place, or a process to the reader.

Style

A combination of tone, diction, and rhetorical devices/techniques and sentence variety make up a writer's style. Basically, how does the writer feel about the subject of her nonfiction writing and the audience she is presenting it to? The writer's tone might be enthusiastic, serious, humorous, hopeful, sad, joyous, or solemn.

The presentation of irrelevant perspectives by an essay writer increases the audience's trust in the writer.

False

Conflict

In nonfiction, the conflict is real. Recall that conflict is a battle or argument between a minimum of two entities. The conflict may be internal or external.

3 -Include the purpose.

Persuade audience members to agree with your opinion and urge them to take specific action.

discrepancy

a different or inconsistent item

reciprocation

an act of returning or reciprocating, usually for something given

rebuttal

an argument or proof that contradicts or opposes

Chronological Order Structural Pattern

chronological order is the relation of events in the correct time sequence, making the text simple to follow.

If Source A contains no irony or understatement whereas Source B contains both, then Source B has more ________________ than Source A.

complexities

A source that is relevant and reliable is one that is _____.

concerned with the topic and dependable

A discrepancy in evidence is a(n) _______________ in content.

difference

A good way to include discrepancies in argumentative essays is to include them as _________________.

divergent views

Descriptive writing

figurative or sensory language paints a picture; purpose is to explain

An advantage in translating complex information in an image or graphic into informational text is that audience members do not have to pause and deal with information in a different ____________.

form

The four ways of refuting a counterargument or counterclaim is to claim your opponents are completely wrong, are partially right, have a(n) _______________, or are using an irrelevant argument.

insufficient claim