English 10 - Globalization and the Future

Read the passage. (1) Social media is here to stay. (2) No amount of complaining by an older generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. (3) Increasing access to social media for people who are afraid to use it or unwilling to try it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. What fallacy does this argument use? an ad hominem attack an appeal to emotion a false dilemma a bandwagon appeal

an ad hominem attack

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families . . . who've endured years . . . as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. . . . We are here because, right now, there are mothers separated from their children—like the woman in a camp in Greece, who held on to her family photographs . . . and who said "my breath is my children . . . every day I am dying 10, 20, 30 times." Which rhetorical device does Obama use in this passage? understatement tricolon anaphora allusion

anaphora

Examine the public service ad. Which statement best explains the effect of excluding images of people from the ad? It reminds the audience that anyone can be wasteful. It places the emphasis on the wasted food. It stresses the idea that food waste can be recycled. It reinforces the negative effects of food waste.

It places the emphasis on the wasted food.

Examine the public service ads. This first ad is from 1917. This second ad is an excerpt of a poster from the US Department of Agriculture's website. The brightly colored text is hyperlinked to other websites. How do these two advertisements demonstrate that public service campaigns have changed over time? The first ad appeals to logic, while the second appeals to ethics. The first ad relies on the print medium, while the second is interactive. The first ad targets food manufacturers, while the second targets school personnel. The first ad targets communities in poverty, while the second targets wealthy ones.

The first ad relies on the print medium, while the second is interactive.

What type of appeal depends on the perceived credibility or authority of the source? emotional appeal ethical appeal logical appeal multimodal appeal

ethical appeal

What is a multimodal media campaign? a campaign that focuses more than one type of appeal a campaign that combines different methods of communication a campaign that uses different messages to target different audiences a campaign that is sponsored by one or more government agencies

a campaign that combines different methods of communication

Examine the public service ad. How does this image appeal to logic? by providing data about a specific negative impact by providing the name of an authoritative source by providing steps for the audience to take action by providing a website for the audience to learn more

by providing data about a specific negative impact

How have public service campaigns changed over time? Advertisers have integrated new media and technologies. Sponsors have begun to sell access to the media that are used. The government has begun to sponsor public service announcements. Researchers have learned to use new types of appeals and arguments.

Advertisers have integrated new media and technologies.

Examine the public service ads. This first ad is from 1971. This second ad is from 2013. Which statement best summarizes the difference between these two ads? They have different sponsors. They have different appeals. They have different purposes. They have different target audiences.

They have different appeals.

Examine the public service ad. Which type of appeal is used in this public service ad? emotional appeal ethical appeal logical appeal proactive appeal

emotional appeal

Study the image. The sentence "This moment brought to you by dad" can best be described as which type of appeal? emotional appeal ethical appeal logical appeal multimodal appeal

emotional appeal

Which elements are associated with a logical appeal? Select three options. facts values evidence authority analytical theories perceived credibility

facts evidence analytical theories

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Which element of this web page best supports an ethical appeal? the sentence "Disasters affect everyone." the imperative statement "Be a hero!" the image of the teens gathered together the text "See what's happening in your state!"

the imperative statement "Be a hero!"

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. What evidence could be used to support the authors' claims in this excerpt? Select three options. tweets (Twitter messages) describing the overthrow of Ben Ali at the time it happened verifiable facts that help explain that social media has little effect on citizen journalism speeches that give biographical accounts of the life and accomplishments of Mubarak journal entries from a student describing how social media helped him join a protest quotations from experts on social media use during uprisings within the Arab world

tweets (Twitter messages) describing the overthrow of Ben Ali at the time it happened journal entries from a student describing how social media helped him join a protest quotations from experts on social media use during uprisings within the Arab world

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. "New [or social] media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. What types of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt? Select two options. data showing the widespread use of social media in countries involved in the uprisings verifiable facts that explain why social media's impact was so broad during the uprisings statistics that describe Egyptians' use of the internet and social media during the uprisings an eyewitness account that explains how social media posts may have caused the uprisings a personal story that explains the authors' interest in social media use during the uprisings

verifiable facts that explain why social media's impact was so broad during the uprisings statistics that describe Egyptians' use of the internet and social media during the uprisings

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. Which quotations give specific evidence in support of the claim? Select three options. "Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings." "Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt." "Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of 'the internet, mobile phones, and social media' in the protests." "Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement." "Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings."

"Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt." "Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of 'the internet, mobile phones, and social media' in the protests." "Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement."

Consider this claim: School uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Which statement gives the strongest evidence to support this claim? According to the board of education, "school uniforms improve behavior, build school spirit, and develop a student's sense of belonging." Making school uniforms mandatory directly contradicts Americans' First Amendment right to express themselves freely. Chris Hammock, a mother of three high school students, said that mandatory school uniforms would make back-to-school shopping much easier. Recent reports indicate that school uniforms have a minimal impact on attendance rates in New York City Public Schools.

According to the board of education, "school uniforms improve behavior, build school spirit, and develop a student's sense of belonging."

Read the passage. Congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. All Americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose. Which fallacies appear in this passage? Select three options. An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation. A false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment. An ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence. A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species. A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation. A false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment. A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Passing along information is an important part of the news process. Earlier [Project for Excellence in Journalism] research finds the role of Twitter in disseminating breaking news is not limited to the Arab uprisings—the death of Whitney Houston, for example, was announced on Twitter 55 minutes prior to the [Associated Press] confirming the story. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." What reasons do the authors give to support the claim that social media both helps and threatens smaller media outlets? Select two options. Small news outlets experience challenges when trying to compete with larger news outlets. Information is sometimes shared on social media before it is released by traditional media. Both small and large news organizations also depend on user-generated content. Both social media and traditional news organizations cover Egypt's presidential elections. News organizations must compete with one another and with social media to reach audiences.

Information is sometimes shared on social media before it is released by traditional media. News organizations must compete with one another and with social media to reach audiences.

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Which statement best describes this public service campaign? It makes logical and emotional appeals to encourage people who have been bullied to get help. It makes logical and emotional appeals to encourage adults to help stop bullying. It makes ethical and emotional appeals to encourage bystanders to take action. It makes ethical and emotional appeals to encourage bullies to change their behavior.

It makes ethical and emotional appeals to encourage bystanders to take action.

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Good afternoon. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families—from Darfur in Chad, Palestinians in Lebanon, Afghans in Pakistan, Colombians in Ecuador—who've endured years—in some cases, decades—as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . like my daughters . . . who are just as precious and just as gifted—like the 16-year-old refugee from Myanmar that I met in Malaysia—who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . girls who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. What evidence does President Obama use to support the claim that the child-refugee problem needs to be addressed and fixed? Select two options. Obama uses empirical evidence, since he names the specific countries where refugees live. Obama uses empirical evidence, since he uses a verifiable source in the refugee from Myanmar. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he compares the young refugees to his own gifted daughters. Obama uses logical evidence, since it is common sense that most young girls are gifted. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he shares stories about his visits to war-torn countries. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he shares a personal experience he has had with a refugee.

Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he compares the young refugees to his own gifted daughters. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he shares a personal experience he has had with a refugee.

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 School uniforms could alter students' attitudes toward their education. If students wear the same clothing each day, they will not have to think about what to wear on a daily basis. In addition, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce envy or embarrassment. Conforming to one uniform might also help students fit in more easily. Passage 2 School uniforms have no place in education, especially since we are trying to instill the principles of individuality and diversity in our children. School uniforms destroy students' abilities to be themselves. I have seen schools where uniforms are required; the students' faces tell the whole story. By enforcing uniforms in school, we are clearly not giving students a choice in what they wear. But when we take away choice, more than just choice is lost. Which statement best compares how the authors develop their arguments? Passage 1 uses a logical approach, while passage 2 contains appeals to emotion. Passage 1 uses an emotional appeal, while passage 2 uses mainly understatement. Passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 relies on logical evidence. Passage 1 uses an ad hominem attack, while passage 2 has a bandwagon appeal.

Passage 1 uses a logical approach, while passage 2 contains appeals to emotion.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 The need for standardized testing in education is a sensitive topic to some. Many fear that the use of these tests with students of all ages would lead to a decline in both academic growth and innovation; however, if standardized testing continues to be a reliable and objective source of measuring student achievement, we must conclude that the means justify the end. We can simply state the results of a 100-year analysis of testing research for proof: 93 percent of studies on student testing found a favorable outcome for student achievement. Passage 2 When the Brookings Institution, a 100-year-old organization made up of experts in education and government, reports that up to 80 percent of standardized test score improvements were temporary and did not lead to improvements in learning, we must realize that student testing is not working. I have visited several schools during testing time, so I can personally vouch for the negative effect that standardized tests have on students' emotions. Standardized testing is unnecessary and must end. How does the evidence in the first passage differ from the evidence in the second? Passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses empirical evidence. Passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence. Passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence. Passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical and anecdotal evidence.

Passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical and anecdotal evidence.

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 "What should I wear today? Will this help me fit in?" If we listen to recent studies, which reveal the impact that school uniforms have, our children no longer have to ask themselves those questions. Uniforms decrease fighting. Uniforms decrease drug use. Uniforms decrease vandalism. There is no other possible solution to fix our schools. Passage 2 When schools introduce uniforms, students become complacent, no longer interested in individuality. When schools introduce uniforms, schools lose their identities, blending in to look the same as other schools. When schools introduce uniforms, what is the true cost? The unfortunate answer will come as no surprise. Which statement compares the rhetorical techniques used in the arguments? Both passages use rhetorical questions and repetition. Both passages use parallelism and understatements. Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question. Passage 1 uses an understatement and rhetorical questions, while passage 2 uses an overstatement and an allusion.

Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Raising the minimum wage for workers will provide a significant boost to the economy. For example, changing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour would add $22 billion to the economy by increasing people's purchasing power. Household spending would increase by $48 billion in one year with a similar minimum wage increase. Increased earnings lead to increased spending and a greater demand for products and services. This phenomenon then leads to the need for more workers and, thereby, job growth. Passage 2 The current federal minimum wage for workers is $7.25. If the government increased that by $1.75, studies show that household spending would also increase—by $48 billion annually. An economic move like this makes too much sense to ignore. A rise in household spending would mean an expansion in the profits of many businesses, including small businesses. As a small-business owner, I would certainly welcome the extra income. The last time the minimum wage was increased, my profit margin increased substantially. My fellow small-business owners experienced a similar profit growth that year. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why? Passage 1 is more effective because the evidence is logical and does not include fallacies. Passage 1 is more effective because the evidence is logical and cannot be opposed. Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is emotional and includes two perspectives. Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is logical and is supported by anecdotes.

Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is logical and is supported by anecdotes.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak . In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. What is the claim in this excerpt? During the Arab uprisings, media outlets focused on young protesters, who were unimportant in the struggle. Media descriptions of the Arab uprisings related to Facebook or Twitter diminished interest in citizen journalism. Social media affected the Arab Spring, but its impact was not felt as strongly in Egypt as in other countries. Social media affected the Arab Spring, but its impact was not what the news media originally thought it was.

Social media affected the Arab Spring, but its impact was not what the news media originally thought it was.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Which statement best expresses the authors' claim? Social media poses a threat to more traditional media outlets. Traditional media can find truthful information within social media posts. Social media content is difficult to create and publish. Social media is generally a credible source of information.

Social media poses a threat to more traditional media outlets.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Which statement best evaluates the effectiveness of the evidence in the text? The argument is convincing because the authors use varied forms of relevant evidence, including well-researched studies and verifiable data. The argument is convincing because the authors use varied forms of relevant evidence, including eyewitness accounts and personal anecdotes. The argument is not convincing because the authors support their points only with their own opinions, which is not sufficient evidence to support the claim. The argument is not convincing because the authors focus only on facts and data related to bit.ly links and Twitter usage, which is not sufficient evidence to support the claim.

The argument is convincing because the authors use varied forms of relevant evidence, including well-researched studies and verifiable data.

Read the passage. The salaries of athletes who take part in professional sports are well earned and well deserved. These athletes benefit more than just fans like me. In a recent survey, 92 percent of children stated that they viewed at least one athlete as a role model; 75 percent go on to state that they learn about fair play and sportsmanship from professional athletes. While not all athletes exhibit sportsmanship, most kids focus on athletes with admirable traits, since 76 percent of children surveyed agree that it is never okay to taunt an opponent. Which statement best evaluates the evidence used in this argument? The author presents empirical evidence, then uses logical evidence to highlight the connection between the data and the claim. The author focuses on logical evidence, then uses anecdotal evidence to share children's viewpoints. The author uses primarily anecdotal evidence, as a fan of professional athletes to provide support. The author employs empirical, logical, and anecdotal evidence equally to support the claim with data, common sense, and a short narrative.

The author presents empirical evidence, then uses logical evidence to highlight the connection between the data and the claim.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. Which statement best evaluates the evidence in the text? The authors' use of quotations from eyewitnesses support the argument well, but the descriptions from their own experiences do little to support the claim. The authors effectively use anecdotes to explain the challenges to Arab American news media, but the statistics they incorporate detract from the claim. The authors do not effectively support their claim because they do not include eyewitness testimony. The authors effectively use verifiable information and a quotation from an expert to support their claim.

The authors effectively use verifiable information and a quotation from an expert to support their claim.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. Which statements best evaluate the evidence in this excerpt? Select two options. The authors use a personal story to illustrate the argument that, despite new and ever-changing forms of social media, Arab American print and broadcast media are stronger than ever. The authors use data about the types and effectiveness of social media to support the argument that social media is driving Arab American broadcast media out of business. The authors use a quotation from an expert to support the argument that social media has been both helpful and hazardous for the Arab American news media. The authors use a quotation from an eyewitness to support the argument that the Arab American news media face different challenges than smaller news media outlets in Arab countries. The authors use examples of different types of media to support the argument that social media has changed how the Arab American news media operate.

The authors use a quotation from an expert to support the argument that social media has been both helpful and hazardous for the Arab American news media. The authors use examples of different types of media to support the argument that social media has changed how the Arab American news media operate.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. Read the excerpt from "The Truth about Twitter, Facebook and the Uprisings in the Arab World" by Peter Beaumont. As commentators have tried to imagine the nature of the uprisings, they have attempted to cast them as many things: as an Arab version of the eastern European revolutions of 1989 or something akin to the Iranian revolution that toppled the Shah in 1979. Most often, though, they have tried to conceive them through the media that informed them—as the result of WikiLeaks, as "Twitter revolutions" or inspired by Facebook. All of which, as American media commentatorJay Rosen has written, has generated an equally controversialist class of article in reply, most often written far from the revolutions. These stories are not simply sceptical about the contribution of social media, but determined to deny it has played any part. Those at the vanguard of this argument include Malcolm Gladwell in the New Yorker (Does Egypt Need Twitter?), the New Statesman's Laurie Penny (Revolts Don't Have to be Tweeted) and even David Kravets of Wired.co.uk (What's Fuelling Mideast Protests? It's More Than Twitter). All have argued one way or another that since there were revolutions before social media, and it is people who make revolutions, how could it be important? Except social media has played a role. For those of us who have covered these events, it has been unavoidable. Precisely how we communicate in these moments of historic crisis and transformation is important. The medium that carries the message shapes and defines as well as the message itself. The instantaneous nature of how social media communicate self-broadcast ideas, unlimited by publication deadlines and broadcast news slots, explains in part the speed at which these revolutions have unravelled, their almost viral spread across a region. It explains, too, the often loose and non-hierarchical organisation of the protest movements unconsciously modelled on the networks of the web. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why? The first passage provides more effective evidence because the language it uses is more evocative and interesting than the language in the second passage. The second passage provides more effective evidence because it describes uprisings in many countries rather than focusing solely on one country, as the first passage does. The first passage provides more effective evidence because it has data and statistics from research reports, while the second passage uses titles of articles and authors' names as evidence. The second passage provides more effective evidence because it includes four sources, while the first passage provides only two.

The first passage provides more effective evidence because it has data and statistics from research reports, while the second passage uses titles of articles and authors' names as evidence.

Study the image. Which statements best describe this advertisement? Select three options. The evidence and facts appeal to logic. The image appeals to feelings and emotions. The target audience is pet-store owners. The target audience is potential pet owners. It promotes one method of animal adoption. It encourages the use of social media.

The image appeals to feelings and emotions. The target audience is potential pet owners. It promotes one method of animal adoption.

Which statements are examples of debatable claims about immigration? Select two options. Many countries have differing approaches to immigration. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an immigration policy that was established in 2012. The number of immigrants allowed to stay in the country is affecting job availability for others. Immigrants are responsible for many of the advances in technology and other areas of industry. Permanent legal residents and foreign nationals are two examples of legal US immigrants.

The number of immigrants allowed to stay in the country is affecting job availability for others. Immigrants are responsible for many of the advances in technology and other areas of industry.

Read the passage. (1) State leaders must ensure the safety of all citizens by stopping the construction of landfills. (2) Piles of garbage in an area close to homes can cause harmful diseases. (3) My uncle lived very close to a landfill and recently became very ill. (4) I am certain that many of his neighbors have also suffered due to the harmful nature of the landfill. What is the most accurate analysis of the reason presented in the second sentence? The reason is logically sound, because the writer is expressing a fact that has been proven. The reason is logically sound, because the writer validates the reason with empirical evidence. The reason is not logically sound, because the writer does not include strong factual evidence. The reason is not logically sound, because the writer does not connect the reason to the claim.

The reason is not logically sound, because the writer does not include strong factual evidence.

Read the passage. The cost of health care is rising in America. The amount that an average family must pay for insurance is simply unaffordable. I know this because my family is an average American family—and we are worried. The people who make decisions about health care do not seem to think about the effect of the rising costs on hardworking people like my husband and me. Which statement best explains why the evidence provided in the text is a fallacy? The writer uses an appeal to emotion by portraying her family as abandoned by policy makers. The writer uses a bandwagon statement by claiming that her family is an "average American family." The writer uses an ad hominem argument by attacking those who make healthcare decisions. The writer uses a false dilemma by stating that insurance is both necessary and unaffordable.

The writer uses an appeal to emotion by portraying her family as abandoned by policy makers.

Read the passage from President Donald Trump's inaugural address. (1) At the bedrock of our politics will be a total allegiance to the United States of America, and through our loyalty to our country, we will rediscover our loyalty to each other. (2) When you open your heart to patriotism, there is no room for prejudice. (3) The Bible tells us, "How good and pleasant it is when God's people live together in unity." (4) We must speak our minds openly, debate our disagreements honestly, but always pursue solidarity. (5) When America is united, America is totally unstoppable. (6) There should be no fear: We are protected, and we will always be protected. (7) We will be protected by the great men and women of our military and law enforcement, and most importantly, we will be protected by God. Which rhetorical devices does President Trump use in this excerpt? Select two options. Trump uses tricolon in sentence 1. Trump uses an allusion in sentence 2. Trump uses overstatement in sentence 5. Trump uses tricolon in sentence 7. Trump uses repetition in sentences 6 and 7.

Trump uses overstatement in sentence 5. Trump uses repetition in sentences 6 and 7.

Read the passage. Social media is here to stay. No amount of complaining by a generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. Increasing access to social media for people who are unfamiliar with it or afraid of using it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. The author is thinking of adding one of these sentences to the end of the passage. Which sentence contains a fallacy? My hope is that our generation can be the generation to create a path to social media success. Unless everyone in the U.S. including our grandparents can successfully use social media, we will be left behind. Not everyone needs to have the same passion for social media, but access is nonetheless important. Success for beginners, through access, will lead to a more aware and active community of users.

Unless everyone in the U.S. including our grandparents can successfully use social media, we will be left behind.

Which statements use rhetorical devices? Select two options. Without a quick solution to the problem, we citizens may be in some trouble. Without a solution, we are in trouble. Without a solution, the trouble will be great. We do not need a solution right away, since two days is plenty of time to solve this global issue. I know you think that a solution is coming soon. Still, it does not seem that way right now. I have an idea that I think would solve this major problem, if only I knew where to share it.

Without a solution, we are in trouble. Without a solution, the trouble will be great. We do not need a solution right away, since two days is plenty of time to solve this global issue.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. What evidence could the authors use to support their claim in the last sentence of this excerpt? Select three options. a blog post from someone who attended an Arab Spring demonstration a firsthand account from someone involved in a previous uprising statistics on Twitter use in Tunisia both before and during the uprisings data about Facebook use from a research study on the Arab Spring a short story about citizen journalism during uprisings in the Middle East

a blog post from someone who attended an Arab Spring demonstration statistics on Twitter use in Tunisia both before and during the uprisings data about Facebook use from a research study on the Arab Spring

Project Yellow Light is holding a contest to get ideas for a texting-while-driving prevention campaign. What would be the best to include to make an ethical appeal to the audience? an excerpt from an interview with a new teen driver statistics about how many people text and drive a clip from an interview with a highway patrol officer information about how to set up a phone to block texts

a clip from an interview with a highway patrol officer

Consider this claim from an editorial. Candidate Wilkins is the best choice for state representative because of her ability to inspire young people to vote. Which examples of evidence would best support this claim? Select three options. a live television report from a youth fundraiser for Wilkins's campaign an anecdote from a family member about why Wilkins is the best person to vote for an excerpt from a novel about a character named Wilkins who fights for democracy a printed transcript of a campaign speech given by Wilkins at a local high school a graph showing an increase in social media posts from young people about Wilkins during the campaign a story a neighbor overheard about Wilkins while commuting to work last week

a live television report from a youth fundraiser for Wilkins's campaign a printed transcript of a campaign speech given by Wilkins at a local high school a graph showing an increase in social media posts from young people about Wilkins during the campaign

What is the best definition of an argumentative text? a text that uses vivid language to engage the audience in the topic a text that supports a claim about a debatable topic using evidence as support a text that presents evidence to inform the audience about a specific topic a text that uses rhetorical devices to support a particular perspective

a text that supports a claim about a debatable topic using evidence as support

Examine the public service ad. How does this ad transmit a cultural value? by sharing relevant high school graduation statistics by promoting a new type of educational program by reminding the public of the need for new schools by encouraging people to strive for more education

by encouraging people to strive for more education

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. How do the authors support the claim in this passage? by explaining how to use social media in the same way that protesters used it during the Arab uprisings by citing a report that examines why social media sites were a causal mechanism in the Arab uprisings by examining the type of web links that were generated in nations that took part in the Arab uprisings by describing how social media reported on events in the rest of the world during the Arab uprisings

by examining the type of web links that were generated in nations that took part in the Arab uprisings

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. This passage is about Egypt. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. What kind of evidence could the authors add to this text to strengthen their claim and make their argument even more effective? facts and details about types of social media and the ways people use them quotations from secondary sources in addition to those from eyewitnesses detailed examples of media outlets and civil society leaders more information on the reactions of Western countries

detailed examples of media outlets and civil society leaders

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. . . . Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. What type of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt? historical examples of political changes personal anecdotes about the impact of social media research studies that correlate politics and social media social media posts about the Arab Spring

historical examples of political changes

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. According to the text, which type of Arab American news outlet competes most successfully with online content? television newspapers satellite programming radio programs

newspapers

Examine the public service ad. Who is the target audience for this public service advertisement? parents children government officials car manufacturers

parents

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . . . . The study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. Passing along information is an important part of the news process. Earlier [Project for Excellence in Journalism] research finds the role of Twitter in disseminating breaking news is not limited to the Arab uprisings—the death of Whitney Houston, for example, was announced on Twitter 55 minutes prior to the [Associated Press] confirming the story. What types of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt? Select three options. research related to the popular use of social media in Egypt a statistic supporting the claim that social media use in Egypt is not widespread testimony about how social media use has changed in Egypt an example that compares how traditional media and social media handle a news story data related to the decline of social media use after the Arab Spring

research related to the popular use of social media in Egypt a statistic supporting the claim that social media use in Egypt is not widespread an example that compares how traditional media and social media handle a news story

Read the passage. (1) Ask young people today if they know of anyone who has had smallpox, and they might ask, "What's smallpox?" (2) That is because this disease was eradicated from the planet decades ago, thanks to vaccinations. (3) Despite the obvious effectiveness of vaccination, opponents of this procedure argue that humans are better off fighting diseases on their own without adding anything potentially harmful to their bodies. (4) Still, the American Academy of Pediatrics says that vaccines can be 99 percent effective, and the Centers for Disease Control claims that, over a 10-year period, vaccines allowed 322 million children to avoid illnesses. (5) So the next time someone tells you that vaccines are poisoned apples that will lead to a fate like Snow White's, counter their argument with the facts. (6) The bottom line is that vaccines are safe to use and save lives. Which sentence in the passage contains an allusion? sentence 1 sentence 3 sentence 4 sentence 5

sentence 5

Examine the public service ad. Who is most likely the intended audience for this public service campaign? public and private school faculty members recent high school and college graduates students who did not complete high school administrators of community college programs

students who did not complete high school

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. "New [or social] media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. What reasons do the authors give to support their claim about the importance of social media in the Arab uprisings? Select two options. the description of social media as a causal mechanism the explanation that most Egyptians do not use the technology the clarification that Twitter is relatively new and frequently used the fact that information from bit.ly links was shared around the world the detail that a US institute collected data in multiple countries

the explanation that most Egyptians do not use the technology the fact that information from bit.ly links was shared around the world

Which topic is most likely to be the subject of a public service campaign? the importance of using seat belts the benefits of a new software system the reopening of a downtown restaurant the advantages of an electric toothbrush

the importance of using seat belts

What is the claim in an argumentative text? the facts and data that support a statement of opinion in the text the statement that takes a position on an issue or controversy the explanation of how the evidence in the text supports a reason the quotations from primary sources that are used to validate a fact

the statement that takes a position on an issue or controversy

Examine the page from a public service campaign website. Why might a public service campaign about recycling include a video game like this one? Select two options. to reach a young audience to reinforce computer skills to attract high-tech sponsors to help fund new recycling programs to teach players about recycling

to reach a young audience to teach players about recycling

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . . . . The study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. How do the authors use statistics to support their claim? to include ideas about how social media can help authoritarian regimes remain in power to emphasize that Egyptians, even those who are highly educated, mistrust social media to illustrate that social media motivated average Egyptians to take part in the uprisings to show that even though social media use was limited, it was often directly connected to politics

to show that even though social media use was limited, it was often directly connected to politics