English 101 Quizzes

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Once Norah is out of college, she wants _______ to Spain and Portugal. a) to travel b) traveling

a) to travel

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. At any Italian restaurant, spaghetti and meatballs _______ what my parents order. a) is b) are

a) is

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The only one of the prom dresses that _______ good on me is the beautiful lavender one. a) looks b) look

a) looks

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. A dictionary or thesaurus _______ a long-lasting graduation gift. a) makes b) make

a) makes

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. São Paulo, along with Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, _______ the list of the thirty largest urban areas. a) makes b) make

a) makes

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Every Tuesday during May, the senior class _______ for the graduation ceremony. a) practices b) practice

a) practices

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. One of the world's least populous countries _______ Monaco. a) is b) are

a) is

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) Whom is the Stanley Cup named after? b) Every hockey player wants to see if their talent will land them the Stanley Cup, the oldest trophy awarded to North American professional athletes. c) Who was the first Stanley Cup awarded to?

a) Whom is the Stanley Cup named after?

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. Most of the campers passed his swimming test this summer. a) Leave as is. b) Change his swimming test to their swimming tests. c) Change his swimming test to his or her swimming test.

b) Change his swimming test to their swimming tests.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. After China and India, the next three most populated countries, in descending order, _______ the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil. a) is b) are

b) are

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) An actor should keep thoughts about politics to themselves. b) Modern acting was influenced by the director Stanislavsky, who emphasized the actor's identification with his or her role. c) Dustin Hoffman played the title role in the 1967 movie The Graduate. Could anyone else have played it better than him?

b) Modern acting was influenced by the director Stanislavsky, who emphasized the actor's identification with his or her role.

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Whom have the sportswriters _______ most recently for the Baseball Hall of Fame? a) chose b) chosen

b) chosen

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Heading in all directions, a flock of birds _______ toward the evergreens surrounding our house. a) flies b) fly

b) fly

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Have you started working on the take-home exam that's due on Wednesday? a) you; working b) you; have started c) No change

b) you; have started

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. A nurse must demonstrate her competence and her compassion. a) Leave as is. b) Change her competence and her compassion to their competence and their compassion. c) Remove both instances of her.

c) Remove both instances of her.

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. On the night of the 1968 California presidential primary, which was a close race, Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated by Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. a) race; was b) Sirhan Bishara Sirhan; assassinated c) Neither is correct.

b) Sirhan Bishara Sirhan; assassinated

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. It was pledged by the chief of police that drug dealers would be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. a) chief; would prosecute b) chief; pledged c) Neither is correct.

b) chief; pledged

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Mike Rose has published numerous essays and books that _______ with literacy and education. a) deals b) deal

b) deal

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. As a travel destination, Asia attracts many Americans now. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

b) does not contain a fragment

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Despite all of the problems with the oldest daughter, the family _______ to get along with one another. a) has tried b) have tried

b) have tried

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. My nephew _______ about transferring to an engineering firm in Lucerne, Switzerland. a) think b) is thinking

b) is thinking

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. One of the contemporary novels that _______ affected me is Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner. a) has b) have

b) have

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. In the event that Congress passes the immigration bill, what are the chances that the president will veto it? a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

b) subordinate clause

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. Evaluating the causes of the Civil War •Economic reasons •Cultures of North and South different •Understanding slavery a) Evaluating the causes of the Civil War •Economic reasons were a factor. •Culture—North vs. South •Slavery as a moral issue b) Evaluating the causes of the Civil War •Economic reasons •Cultural factors •Slavery issues c) No change

c) No change

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. None of the assignments from Professor Blakely _______ that difficult. a) seems b) seem

b) seem

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Issues considered worthy of debate include health insurance and the environment. a) Issues; include b) health insurance, environment; include c) No change

a) Issues; include

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) Winslow Homer (1836-1910) excelled in painting dramatic seascapes, one example is On a Lee Shore. b) Lonely streets, buildings, and interiors dominate the canvases of Edward Hopper (1882-1967) his work has influenced a 21st-century photographer of street scenes. c) Robert Indiana (born 1928) produces pop paintings and sculptures, such as his Love series, that sometimes call to mind large signs.

c) Robert Indiana (born 1928) produces pop paintings and sculptures, such as his Love series, that sometimes call to mind large signs.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Since the day I broke my leg, either my sisters or my brother _______ me wherever I go. a) accompanies b) accompany

a) accompanies

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The prom committee _______ arguing for months about location, food, and décor. a) has been b) have been

b) have been

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. Even though there are many ways to lose weight, they all come down to two basic principles: eat less and exercise more. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

b) subordinate clause

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. You must come to your brother's graduation regardless of the anger you have toward him, which is certainly justified. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

b) subordinate clause

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Long before she started skating, Kelly was a talented downhill skier. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

b) does not contain a fragment

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Heading back to the States but on edge since he survived the terrorist attack. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The current population of only two countries, China and India, _______ one billion each. a) exceeds b) exceed

a) exceeds

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. I took the dog for a short walk, but it is too hot and humid outside for _______. a) jogging b) to jog

a) jogging

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Having limited authority, the university's parking committee only _______ recommendations to the administration. a) makes b) make

a) makes

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. The coach said that every player who works hard will be _______ at the end of the season. a) rewarded b) rewarding

a) rewarded

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The last time I checked, there _______ only a few pieces of pizza left. a) was b) were

b) were

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. China's population in recent years _______ India's by about 33 percent, but India's population is projected to outnumber China's by 2050. a) has outnumbered b) have outnumbered

a) has outnumbered

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Maria reread all of her letters from Frank, who had _______ to her every week since he had gone to Afghanistan. a) wrote b) written

b) written

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. If it snows, I might try cross-country skiing. And maybe downhill. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Just a note to say "hi" to my favorite niece. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Hillary Clinton's husband and staunch supporter _______ former President Bill Clinton. a) is b) are

a) is

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Peggy is the only one of my students who _______ research papers ahead of the deadline. a) turns in b) turn in

a) turns in

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Each of the candidates _______ claiming victory after the early primaries. a) was b) were

a) was

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. The film was made by someone you never heard of. a) someone; made b) you; heard c) Neither is correct.

a) someone; made

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. Su-ling longed to return to her homeland and see her mother and father; at the same time, she cherished the life she had made with her husband and children in England. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Peanut butter and jelly _______ a popular American sandwich filling. a) is b) are

a) is

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. In the past there _____ fewer people living in the world's urban areas. a) was b) were

b) were

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) A pop artist, Jasper Johns (born 1930) has used flags, beer cans, and targets in his sculpture and paintings; he finds meaning in everyday objects. b) Franz Kline (1910-1962) produced monumental black-and-white works these are examples of abstract expressionism. c) Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) was the pop artist recognized for his paintings based on comic strips, later he created pop versions of well-known 19th- and 20th-century artworks.

a) A pop artist, Jasper Johns (born 1930) has used flags, beer cans, and targets in his sculpture and paintings; he finds meaning in everyday objects.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. Wendy Wasserstein's play "Uncommon Women and Others" traces a group of friends who attend a women's college and stay in touch after graduation. Each friend has her own strengths and weaknesses. a) Leave as is. b) Change her own strengths and weaknesses to their own strengths and weaknesses. c) Change her own strengths and weaknesses to his or her own strengths and weaknesses.

a) Leave as is.

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Social psychologists observe people during experiments or in day-to-day life, the goal is to learn how people interact. Sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to the participants. a) Social psychologists observe people during experiments or in day-to-day life. The goal is to learn how people interact. Sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to the participants. b) Social psychologists observe people during experiments or in day-to-day life. The goal is to learn how people interact, sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to the participants. c) No change

a) Social psychologists observe people during experiments or in day-to-day life. The goal is to learn how people interact. Sometimes the observers do not make themselves known to the participants.

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) The gourmet shop was charging eleven dollars, which was way over our budget, for a quart of soup. b) Everyone decided to try their hand at cooking soup from scratch. c) Whom do you think made the best soup?

a) The gourmet shop was charging eleven dollars, which was way over our budget, for a quart of soup.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. The perky Labrador retriever charged through the yard, did go down the hill, and went after the squirrels. a) The perky Labrador retriever charged through the yard, down the hill, and after the squirrels. b) The perky Labrador retriever was charging through the yard, went down the hill, and chased the squirrels. c) No change

a) The perky Labrador retriever charged through the yard, down the hill, and after the squirrels.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. To finish her paper by tomorrow afternoon, Jayne needs either to work until midnight or she would have to get up early in the morning a) To finish her paper by tomorrow afternoon, Jayne needs either to work until midnight or to get up early in the morning. b) To finish her paper by tomorrow afternoon, Jayne needs either to be working until midnight or to get up early in the morning. c) No change

a) To finish her paper by tomorrow afternoon, Jayne needs either to work until midnight or to get up early in the morning.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Paul Krugman, a newspaper columnist and a professor of economics, _______ complex concepts such as the connection between deregulation and prices. a) clarifies b) clarify

a) clarifies

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. From a close reading of Shakespearean texts _______ Stephen Greenblatt's speculation about the playwright's life. a) comes b) come

a) comes

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Some people love those chilly winter sports. But not me a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. According to population experts, there _____ several ways to count a country's people. a) is b) are

b) are

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. In Japan, Osaka as well as Tokyo _______ home to many people. a) is b) are

a) is

In each of the following sentences, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. France's King Louis XIV, after whom Louisiana is named, lived from 1638 until 1715. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

a) prepositional phrase

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. In the plains states, we hope to have spring weather by early April. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

a) prepositional phrase

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings contains an anthology that _______ how writers write. a) shows b) show

a) shows

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. Bobby Thompson's 1951 pennant-winning walk-off home run was heard by American soldiers listening to radios in Korea. a) soldiers; heard b) soldiers; listened c) Neither is correct.

a) soldiers; heard

In each of the following sentences, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. If you were to rewrite the clause in the active voice, select the answer that correctly identifies the words you would use as subject and verb. If the independent clause has no word(s) that could serve as a subject, an appropriate subject may be provided in one of the answers. If neither answer is correct, select Neither is correct. Long before the Europeans arrived, rich cultures and languages had been developed by Native American tribes. a) cultures and languages; developed b) tribes; had developed c) Neither is correct.

b) tribes; had developed

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. The essay test asks each sixth-grader in the school district to explain why he does or does not identify with the hero of an assigned novel. a) Leave as is. b) Change he does or does not to they do or do not. c) Change he does or does not to he or she does or does not.

c) Change he does or does not to he or she does or does not.

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Among the famous natives of Arkansas is Bill Clinton, forty-second president of the United States. a) Bill Clinton; is b) natives; is c) No change

a) Bill Clinton; is

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Just below China on the list of the most populous countries _____ India. a) sits b) sit

a) sits

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. To shop until you drop is a silly slogan to those who don't like shopping or going to malls. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

e) infinitive phrase

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The jury _______ the judge for a redefinition of "beyond a reasonable doubt." a) has asked b) have asked

a) has aksed

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. There _____ far fewer people in Pakistan than in India. a) is b) are

b) are

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) Did Andorra or Palau receive its membership in the United Nations before 2000? b) The United Nations has always been a controversial organization, which is inevitable. c) Whom besides U Thant and Kofi Annan has been secretary-general of the United Nations?

a) Did Andorra or Palau receive its membership in the United Nations before 2000?

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. When I was a child, we played outside all year round, and my parents took us ice skating and camping and swimming, whereas nowadays children are too often glued to TVs or video games. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The populations of the polar bear and the penguin _______ every year while human population increases. a) decreases b) decrease

b) decrease

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. Having sold more than 500 million records, Elvis Presley was the most successful solo recording artist during his lifetime. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

c) participial phrase

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. _______ any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more _______ due next week. a) Is any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more is due next week. b) Is any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more are due next week. c) Are any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more is due next week. d) Are any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more are due next week.

d) Are any of the assignments due tomorrow? I know more are due next week.

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. Being a famous novelist is one of my secret ambitions. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

d) gerund phrase

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. Watching horse races at Pimlico Race Course and ball games at Camden Yards are two favorite pastimes in Baltimore. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

d) gerund phrase

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) Art historians refer to Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) as a master of the Dutch school; he painted and drew approximately six hundred works. b) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) is known as one of the 19th century's most influential artists, much of his work was produced in a 29-month period leading up to his suicide. c) Paul Gaugin (1848-1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter at the age of thirty-five, he abandoned his family to focus on his painting career.

a) Art historians refer to Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) as a master of the Dutch school; he painted and drew approximately six hundred works.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) was a self-taught practitioner, and he produced colorful paintings, frequently of jungle scenes. b) Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was a poet, architect, and sculptor in addition to achieving fame as a painter, he is probably best known for his frescoes on the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. c) Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (c. 1573-1610) produced bold paintings marked by light and shadow breaking with past artistic practice, he showed the saints as everyday people.

a) Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) was a self-taught practitioner, and he produced colorful paintings, frequently of jungle scenes.

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense.People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus. Parchment came along around 250 BC. It is made of treated animal skin a) Before parchment came along around 250 BC, people first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus; specifically, parchment is made of treated animal skin. b) People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus; nevertheless, parchment came along around 250 BC, and it is made of treated animal skin. c) People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus until parchment, made of treated animal skin, came along around 250 BC.

c) People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus until parchment, made of treated animal skin, came along around 250 BC.

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) The baby would not stop crying. This annoyed the babysitter. b) A babysitter today charges more than they did ten years ago. c) The little girl did not stop crying until she and the babysitter went to the park.

c) The little girl did not stop crying until she and the babysitter went to the park.

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) The museum's Monet holdings are impressive. They will put on a special exhibit this summer. b) In the Times, it says that Monet produced many works on paper, not just oil paintings. c) Who knew that Claude was Monet's middle name, not his first name?

c) Who knew that Claude was Monet's middle name, not his first name?

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. The fate of the English settlers on Roanoke Island is not known. a) no one; knows b) settlers; know c) Neither is correct.

c) neither is correct

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Mexico City along with Tokyo _______ near the top of the list of largest urban areas. a) is b) are

a) is

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. Christa, longing to go to Spain for her junior year, worked two part-time jobs and borrowed some money from her brother. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

c) participial phrase

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. Maribeth, her father's favorite daughter, never recovered from the untimely death of her sister. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

b) appositive phrase

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. None of Todd's musical talents _______ me because none of his expertise _______ in classical music. a) None of Todd's musical talents impresses me because none of his expertise is in classical music. b) None of Todd's musical talents impresses me because none of his expertise are in classical music. c) None of Todd's musical talents impress me because none of his expertise is in classical music. d) None of Todd's musical talents impress me because none of his expertise are in classical music.

c) None of Todd's musical talents impress me because none of his expertise is in classical music.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. Growing tomatoes in my yard requires three things: a sunny location, some soil that has been well cultivated, and keeping deer out with a wire fence. a) Growing tomatoes in my yard requires three things: a sunny location, some well-cultivated soil, and a wire fence to keep out the deer. b) Growing tomatoes in my yard requires three things: plenty of sun, cultivating the soil well, and a wire fence for keeping the deer away. c) No change

a) Growing tomatoes in my yard requires three things: a sunny location, some well-cultivated soil, and a wire fence to keep out the deer.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Tired of arguing over new arrangements, the rock band _______ to their various homes. a) has gone b) have gone

b) have gone

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. My cousin Pedro and my friend Jane _______ better than to ask me for a loan. a) knows b) know

b) know

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) Larry and Bob have both locked their keys in their cars. b) Since I haven't known Bob for long, I have more faith in Larry than in he. c) Larry told Bob that his days were numbered.

a) Larry and Bob have both locked their keys in their cars.

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. To go ice fishing with my uncle and cousin on a clear, sunlit morning. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. Although Louisiana takes its name from France's King Louis XIV, its nickname (Pelican State) has nothing to do with royalty. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. Do you think Professor Sullivan will ask for detailed information about Woodrow Wilson on the final, or do you think he'll focus on World War I and the Treaty of Versailles? a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. In the morning, Juliana scrubbed the kitchen floor and vacuumed the carpet, but later in the day she relaxed in the hammock, had a glass of lemonade, and read a good novel. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. The snowstorms came one after another, yet the fires burned brightly in the cabin, where Josie read Mark Twain's novels to her favorite uncle. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

a) independent clause

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. One of the most populous countries _____ France. a) is b) are

a) is

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. It is exhilarating and interesting to jog around my neighborhood park early in the morning. a) to jog; is b) exhilarating and interesting; is c) No change

a) to jog; is

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. A text can be presented in paragraphs—or in the form of lists, tables, charts, as graphs, and so on. a) A text can be presented in paragraphs—or in the form of lists, or on a table, charts, as graphs, and so on. b) A text can be presented in paragraphs—or in the form of lists, tables, charts, graphs, and so on. c) No change

b) A text can be presented in paragraphs—or in the form of lists, tables, charts, graphs, and so on.

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Everything on the buffet table _______ delicious; however, few of the guests _______ to be hungry. a) Everything on the buffet table looks delicious; however, few of the guests seems to be hungry. b) Everything on the buffet table looks delicious; however, few of the guests seem to be hungry. c) Everything on the buffet table look delicious; however, few of the guests seems to be hungry. d) Everything on the buffet table look delicious; however, few of the guests seem to be hungry.

b) Everything on the buffet table looks delicious; however, few of the guests seem to be hungry.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) The lecturer explained to the audience how greenhouse gases come about, and you soon wondered what you could do to forestall disaster. b) The lecturer explained to us how greenhouse gases come about, and we soon wondered what we could do to forestall disaster. c) The lecturer is explaining to us how greenhouse gases came about, and we soon will wonder what we could do to forestall disaster.

b) The lecturer explained to us how greenhouse gases come about, and we soon wondered what we could do to forestall disaster.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986) painted scenes reflecting the landscape in the southwestern part of the United States, she made her home in New Mexico. b) Renowned for his abstract works, Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988) produced materials for architectural spaces one of his most famous works is the sculpture garden of the UNESCO building in Paris. c) The paintings of Barnett Newman (1905-1971) range from abstract expressionism to the color-field movement. He term-25developed a unique geometric style that became his trademark.

c) The paintings of Barnett Newman (1905-1971) range from abstract expressionism to the color-field movement. He developed a unique geometric style that became his trademark.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Neither my mother nor my older brothers _______ spicy food. a) likes b) like

b) like

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Two of the candidates who withdrew from the 2008 presidential race were John Edwards and Mitt Romney. a) candidates; were b) Two; withdrew c) No change

b) Two; withdrew

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Our instructor told us to pay attention to the endnotes that _______ Diana George's essay "Changing the Face of Poverty." a) accompanies b) accompany

b) accompany

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Stephen L. Carter is one of the authors who _______ a position in The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. a) argues b) argue

b) argue

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. My sisters and my brother _______ over who should take me to the dentist. a) argues b) argue

b) aruge

Indicate whether the italicized clause is an independent clause or a subordinate clause. Dino and his wife Maria are finally empty-nesters because their last child has gone off to college, but the freedom is bittersweet because they miss having their children at home. a) independent clause b) subordinate clause

b) subordinate clause

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Where are our tickets for the play that Colleen is directing? a) Colleen; is directing b) tickets; are c) No change

b) tickets; are

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food. They also used salt as a preservative. a) Ancient people not only placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food but also used salt as a preservative. b) Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food; therefore, they used salt as a preservative. c) Whereas ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food, they used salt as a preservative.

a) Ancient people not only placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food but also used salt as a preservative.

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Enough of the test _______ challenging, yet several of the questions _______ easy. a) Enough of the test was challenging, yet several of the questions was easy. b) Enough of the test was challenging, yet several of the questions were easy. c) Enough of the test were challenging, yet several of the questions was easy. d) Enough of the test were challenging, yet several of the questions were easy.

b) Enough of the test was challenging, yet several of the questions were easy.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) Americans waited anxiously in 1962 when Russia pointed missiles in Cuba at the United States. One wondered how the Russians would respond to the American demand for removal of the missiles. b) Americans waited anxiously in 1962 when Russia pointed missiles in Cuba at the United States. They wondered how the Russians would respond to the American demand for removal of the missiles. c) Americans had waited anxiously in 1962 when Russia pointed missiles in Cuba at the United States. They wondered how the Russians would respond to the American demand for removal of the missiles.

b) Americans waited anxiously in 1962 when Russia pointed missiles in Cuba at the United States. They wondered how the Russians would respond to the American demand for removal of the missiles.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. I remember when neither my father nor my mother had her own passport; instead, we all had a family passport. a) Leave as is. b) Change had her own passport to had their own passports. c) Change neither my father nor my mother had her own passport to neither my father nor my mother had an individual passport.

c) Change neither my father nor my mother had her own passport to neither my father nor my mother had an individual passport.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. When a police officer stops you for speeding, you should apologize, be polite, and find your driver's license. a) When a police officer stops you for speeding, you should try apologizing, be making an effort to be polite, and try to find your driver's license. b) When a police officer stops you for speeding, you should be apologetic, try to be polite, and to find your driver's license. c) No change

c) No change

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Cognitive psychology is yet another branch of psychology. Researchers in cognitive psychology look at how people learn, how people solve problems, and how brains store information. a) Cognitive psychology is yet another branch of psychology, researchers in cognitive psychology look at how people learn; how people solve problems; and how brains store information. b) Cognitive psychology is yet another branch of psychology researchers in cognitive psychology look at how people learn, how people solve problems, and how brains store information. c) No change

c) No change

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Because my niece is planning to attend college at Ohio State. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

a) contains a fragment

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. I wish the pond would freeze over so that I could go ice skating. a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

b) does not contain a fragment

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) The teenagers should be ashamed of their behavior, which is unlikely. b) The teenagers know they should apologize for his or her behavior. c) We teenagers did not realize that our behavior offended you.

c) We teenagers did not realize that our behavior offended you.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Whenever the band practices, neither the drummer nor the saxophonists _______ time to the music. a) keeps b) keep

b) keep

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Marching in unison through the middle of town, the crowd _______ the warnings of the police. a) ignores b) ignore

a) ignores

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. As the curtain falls, the audience _______ the actors a standing ovation. a) gives b) give

a) gives

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Which one of the following cities _______ the largest population: Dhaka, Karachi, Delhi, Jakarta, or Osaka? a) has b) have

a) has

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Anyone who _______ a book titled Are You Really Going to Eat That? should expect to be teased by friends who like to cook. a) has written b) have written

a) has written

Decide whether or not the item contains a sentence fragment. Think about it. Wouldn't you rather be swimming in Florida? a) contains a fragment b) does not contain a fragment

b) does not contain a fragment

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Another early contributor to psychology was Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909), who developed a system for studying memory, as part of his approach, he asked subjects to memorize nonsense syllables, which had no meaning for them. a) Another early contributor to psychology was Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909), who developed a system for studying memory. As part of his approach, he asked subjects to memorize nonsense syllables these had no meaning for them. b) Another early contributor to psychology was Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909), who developed a system for studying memory; as part of his approach, he asked subjects to memorize nonsense syllables, which had no meaning for them. The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. c) no change

c) no change

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) In the weather report, it says, "Snow is falling heavily all over New England." b) Someone was hoping they could go skiing. c) Have you seen his skiing? It's far superior to mine.

c) Have you seen his skiing? It's far superior to mine.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. How _____ London's population compare with New York City's? a) does b) do

a) does

Select the verb that belongs in each blank. Snow and sleet _______ likely tonight. a) is b) are

b) are

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Because both of the couples _______ traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips _______ to the Caribbean and the South Pacific. a) Because both of the couples enjoys traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips has been to the Caribbean and the South Pacific. b) Because both of the couples enjoys traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips have been to the Caribbean and the South Pacific. c) Because both of the couples enjoy traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips has been to the Caribbean and the South Pacific. d) Because both of the couples enjoy traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips have been to the Caribbean and the South Pacific.

d) Because both of the couples enjoy traveling to warm climates, many of their joint trips have been to the Caribbean and the South Pacific.

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. By whom is the bride traditionally "given away"? a) bride; is b) who; "gives away" c) Neither is correct.

b) who; "gives away"

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Where _____ the population projections for 2020? a) is b) are

b) are

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. _____ more people live in Vietnam or the Philippines? a) Does b) Do

b) Do

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Qualifying as the third and fourth most populous countries _____ the United States and Indonesia. a) is b) are

b) are

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The books Cat's Eye and The Handmaid's Tale, which _______ by Margaret Atwood, contributed to her reputation as a gifted novelist. a) was written b) were written

b) were written

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago. It took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax. a) Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago; in fact, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax. b) Since our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax. Correct! c) Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago, yet it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

c) Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago, yet it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Another early contributor to psychology was Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) he helped develop gestalt psychology. This branch of psychology dealt with human perception. a) Another early contributor to psychology was Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), who helped develop gestalt psychology, this branch of psychology dealt with human perception. b) Another early contributor to psychology was Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), who helped develop gestalt psychology. This branch of psychology dealt with human perception. c) No change

c) no change

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Although I like John Updike's books, he is not one of the novelists who _______ me awake late at night, devouring page after page. a) keeps b) keep

b) keep

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. Tips for using presentation software: · Lists rather than paragraphs. · Amount of information on a slide. · Be sure the type is large enough for the audience to read. a) Tips for using presentation software: · Use lists rather than paragraphs. · Don't put too much information on a slide. · Be sure the type is large enough for the audience to read. b) Tips for using presentation software: · Why lists are better than paragraphs. · Don't put too much information on a slide. · Why large type is a good idea. c) No change

a) Tips for using presentation software: · Use lists rather than paragraphs. · Don't put too much information on a slide. · Be sure the type is large enough for the audience to read.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) What led us to personal computers in the late 1970s? Inventions and developments such as the transistor, integrated circuitry, the memory chip, and the floppy disk (now almost forgotten) contribute to the digital revolution one experienced back then. b) What led us to personal computers in the late 1970s? Inventions and developments such as the transistor, integrated circuitry, the memory chip, and the floppy disk (now almost forgotten) contributed to the digital revolution one experienced back then. c) What led to personal computers in the late 1970s? Inventions and developments such as the transistor, integrated circuitry, the memory chip, and the floppy disk (now almost forgotten) contributed to the digital revolution back then.

c) What led to personal computers in the late 1970s? Inventions and developments such as the transistor, integrated circuitry, the memory chip, and the floppy disk (now almost forgotten) contributed to the digital revolution back then.

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. After thinking about the events of the past year, Randy realized that there should be only one major goal for him: to have a happy and healthy life. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

e) infinitive phrase

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) Following the Holocaust, Jews and others call for a Jewish state in the Middle East. United States foreign policy supported the call, and the State of Israel came into being in May 1948. Charges that Jews forced Palestinians from the land led to a war between Israel and Arab states. b) Following the Holocaust, Jews and others call for a Jewish state in the Middle East. United States foreign policy supports the call, and the State of Israel came into being in May 1948. Charges that Jews forced Palestinians from the land led to a war between Israel and Arab states. c) Following the Holocaust, Jews and others called for a Jewish state in the Middle East. United States foreign policy supported the call, and the State of Israel came into being in May 1948. Charges that Jews forced Palestinians from the land led to a war between Israel and Arab states.

c) Following the Holocaust, Jews and others called for a Jewish state in the Middle East. United States foreign policy supported the call, and the State of Israel came into being in May 1948. Charges that Jews forced Palestinians from the land led to a war between Israel and Arab states.

In the following sentence, the independent clause is written in the passive voice. Select the answer that correctly uses the active voice. In addition to September 11, 2001, what other war-related dates are remembered by Americans, especially by those who lived through World War II? a) Americans; lived b) Americans; are c) Neither is correct.

c) Neither is correct.

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Although Carole and Jared wanted to leave northern Minnesota in the winter, they decided not to move away from their elderly parents. a) they; decided b) Carole and Jared; leave c) No change

c) No change

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. Monica broiled the steaks and Ginnie made the salad while their husbands watched the football game. a) Monica, Ginnie, husbands; broiled, made, watched b) husbands; watched c) No change

c) No change

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Everyone _______ to help decorate the cookies, but no one _______ to wash the dishes afterward. a) Everyone wants to help decorate the cookies, but no one offers to wash the dishes afterward. b) Everyone wants to help decorate the cookies, but no one offer to wash the dishes afterward. c) Everyone want to help decorate the cookies, but no one offers to wash the dishes afterward. d) Everyone want to help decorate the cookies, but no one offer to wash the dishes afterward.

a) Everyone wants to help decorate the cookies, but no one offers to wash the dishes afterward.

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. In clinical psychology, the therapist tries to treat mental disturbances without prescribing drugs therefore this branch of psychology often carries the label talk therapy. a) In clinical psychology, the therapist tries to treat mental disturbances without prescribing drugs; therefore, this branch of psychology often carries the label talk therapy. b) In clinical psychology, the therapist tries to treat mental disturbances without prescribing drugs, this branch of psychology often carries the label talk therapy. c) No change

a) In clinical psychology, the therapist tries to treat mental disturbances without prescribing drugs; therefore, this branch of psychology often carries the label talk therapy.

In the sentence, identify the italicized words as a prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, or infinitive phrase. In the attic I discovered three photographs, stained and grainy snapshots, that showed my great-grandparents on their Midwestern farm. a) prepositional phrase b) appositive phrase c) participial phrase d) gerund phrase e) infinitive phrase

b) appositive phrase

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Most of Professor Stephen Greenblatt's writing _______ with Shakespeare. a) deals b) deal

a) deals

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. The fifth-grade teacher made an announcement to her class: "Once all of you have _______, you may play basketball in the gym for twenty minutes." a) eaten b) ate

a) eaten

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Either of the twins _______ well enough for the role, but neither _______ gracefully enough. a) Either of the twins sings well enough for the role, but neither dances gracefully enough. b) Either of the twins sings well enough for the role, but neither dance gracefully enough. c) Either of the twins sing well enough for the role, but neither dances gracefully enough. d) Either of the twins sing well enough for the role, but neither dance gracefully enough.

a) Either of the twins sings well enough for the role, but neither dances gracefully enough.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Amy Tan is best known for The Joy Luck Club, a novel that _______ the relationships of four Chinese American daughters and their mothers. a) examines b) examine

a) examines

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Because Lou was sick for two weeks, Molly _______ him her notes so he could study for the test. a) gave b) gives

a) gave

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. _______ someone going to the dance with you? Some of us _______ bringing a date. a) Is someone going to the dance with you? Some of us is bringing a date. b) Is someone going to the dance with you? Some of us are bringing a date. c) Are someone going to the dance with you? Some of us is bringing a date. d) Are someone going to the dance with you? Some of us are bringing a date.

b) Is someone going to the dance with you? Some of us are bringing a date.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Horrific living conditions in places like Darfur _______ local populations in Africa. a) has decimated b) have decimated

b) have decimated

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. The jury _______ order their lunches from various take-out restaurants nearby. a) has to b) have to

b) have to

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Although Gina had _______ Dino for years, she was just starting to like him. a) knew b) known

b) known

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par. Par is the standard number of strokes for the hole. An eagle is a score of two strokes under par. a) In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for the hole), and an eagle is a score of two strokes under par. b) In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par, which is the standard number of strokes for the hole, so an eagle is a score of two strokes under par. c) In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for the hole); however, an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

a) In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for the hole), and an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. After the celebration, the team left for their dorm rooms or the library. a) Leave as is. b) Change their dorm rooms or the library to its dorm rooms or the library. c) Change the team to the players; change their dorm rooms or the library to his or her dorm rooms or the library.

a) Leave as is.

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient's head. This treatment was supposed to release evil spirits. Three treatments replaced the hole drilling. These were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy. a) Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient's head to release evil spirits; eventually, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy. b) Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient's head, which was supposed to release evil spirits; nevertheless, three treatments replaced the hole drilling, and these were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy. c) Even though previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient's head to release evil spirits, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

a) Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient's head to release evil spirits; eventually, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong staged the Tet offensive in 1968. American and South Vietnamese troops won the battle but lost in the arena of public opinion. b) The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong were staging the Tet offensive in 1968. American and South Vietnamese troops won the battle but lost in the arena of public opinion. c) The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong staged the Tet offensive in 1968. American and South Vietnamese troops win the battle but lose in the arena of public opinion.

a) The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong staged the Tet offensive in 1968. American and South Vietnamese troops won the battle but lost in the arena of public opinion.

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who had been practicing neurology, he observed that some patients who had symptoms of ailments but no physical problems seemed to get better simply by talking. This observation led to Freud's interest in the unconscious mind. a) The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who had been practicing neurology. He observed that some patients who had symptoms of ailments but no physical problems seemed to get better simply by talking, and this observation led to Freud's interest in the unconscious mind. b) The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who had been practicing neurology. He observed that some patients who had symptoms of ailments but no physical problems seemed to get better simply by talking this observation led to Freud's interest in the unconscious mind. c) No change

a) The major figure in early psychology was Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who had been practicing neurology. He observed that some patients who had symptoms of ailments but no physical problems seemed to get better simply by talking, and this observation led to Freud's interest in the unconscious mind.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) The most famous of Flemish artists and a leading baroque figure, Peter Paul Rubens created material that demonstrated his energy and enthusiasm for his work. He turned out such masterpieces as The Raising of the Cross (1610-1611) and The Judgment of Paris (1638-1639). b) James Abbott McNeil Whistler (1834-1903) created paintings that exhibit a compelling sense of design and color, his series Nocturnes was a forerunner of what came to be known as abstract art. c) Known as the leading portraitist of America's Federal period, Gilbert Stuart (1775-1828) produced more than a thousand portraits of four presidents, diplomats, and notables he was best known for his portraits of George Washington.

a) The most famous of Flemish artists and a leading baroque figure, Peter Paul Rubens created material that demonstrated his energy and enthusiasm for his work. He turned out such masterpieces as The Raising of the Cross (1610-1611) and The Judgment of Paris (1638-1639).

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) To understand the Korean War, which started in 1950, you have to know that the Soviet Union backed the northern occupation zone. b) For one to understand the Korean War, which started in 1950, you have to know that the Soviet Union backed the northern occupation zone. c) To understand the Korean War, which started in 1950, you have to know that the Soviet Union is backing the northern occupation zone.

a) To understand the Korean War, which started in 1950, you have to know that the Soviet Union backed the northern occupation zone.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) Western observers were horrified to see that Mao Zedong's so-called Great Leap Forward in China led to the starvation and death of more than twenty million people during the famine of 1958-1961. Later, the observers were shocked at the effects of Mao's Cultural Revolution of 1966-1968. b) Western observers were horrified to see that Mao Zedong's so-called Great Leap Forward in China led to the starvation and death of more than twenty million people during the famine of 1958-1961. Later, one was shocked at the effects of Mao's Cultural Revolution of 1966-1968. c) Western observers were horrified to see that Mao Zedong's so-called Great Leap Forward in China led to the starvation and death of more than twenty million people during the famine of 1958-1961. Later, the observers become shocked at the effects of Mao's Cultural Revolution of 1966-1968.

a) Western observers were horrified to see that Mao Zedong's so-called Great Leap Forward in China led to the starvation and death of more than twenty million people during the famine of 1958-1961. Later, the observers were shocked at the effects of Mao's Cultural Revolution of 1966-1968.

Select the verb form that belongs in the blank. Do you know why Ahmed did not _______ soccer practice yesterday? a) attend b) attended

a) attend

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Denise Noe's piece "Parallel Worlds" first appeared in the magazine Humanist, which _______ such topics as politics, popular culture, science, and religion. a) covers b) cover

a) covers

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Driving and texting all too often _______ to automobile accidents. a) leads b) lead

a) leads

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. Each of the students on the committee _______ hard, so most of the teachers only _______ to supervise. a) Each of the students on the committee works hard, so most of the teachers only has to supervise. b) Each of the students on the committee works hard, so most of the teachers only have to supervise. c) Each of the students on the committee work hard, so most of the teachers only has to supervise. d) Each of the students on the committee work hard, so most of the teachers only have to supervise.

b) Each of the students on the committee works hard, so most of the teachers only have to supervise.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. To do well on final exams, students should not only study every day but also be getting enough sleep. a) To do well on final exams, students should not only have studied every day but also sleep enough. b) To do well on final exams, students should not only study every day but also get enough sleep. c) No change

b) To do well on final exams, students should not only study every day but also get enough sleep.

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn. Then they wove the yarn into cloth. Humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth. a) For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn, and they wove the yarn into cloth; but even so, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth. b) For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and then wove the yarn into cloth; finally, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth. c) For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and then wove the yarn into cloth, and therefore, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth.

b) For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and then wove the yarn into cloth; finally, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for clot

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) Globalization has lowered costs for some products but demoralizes parts of the worldwide workforce. We who lose jobs to lower-paid labor cannot purchase products even at lower prices. b) Globalization has lowered costs for some products but has demoralized parts of the worldwide workforce. Workers who have lost jobs to lower-paid labor cannot purchase products even at lower prices. c) Globalization has lowered costs for some products but demoralizes parts of the worldwide workforce, including some of us here in the United States. Workers who lose jobs to lower-paid labor cannot purchase products even at lower prices.

b) Globalization has lowered costs for some products but has demoralized parts of the worldwide workforce. Workers who have lost jobs to lower-paid labor cannot purchase products even at lower prices.

In the following sentences, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. As you choose your answer, don't be misled by subjects or verbs that might appear in a phrase or subordinate clause. If the original sentence is correct, select No change. The first day of spring break I slept until noon and then met some friends for pizza. a) day; slept, met b) I; slept, met c) No change

b) I; slept, met

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) In the 1980s, countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their Soviet governments. The most symbolic move of the period was the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. It means, once and for all, the end of the Cold War, which started in the late 1940s. b) In the 1980s, countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their Soviet governments. The most symbolic move of the period was the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. It meant, once and for all, the end of the Cold War, which had started in the late 1940s. c) In the 1980s, countries in Eastern Europe overthrow their Soviet governments. The most symbolic move of the period was the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. It meant, once and for all, the end of the Cold War, which started in the late 1940s.

b) In the 1980s, countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their Soviet governments. The most symbolic move of the period was the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. It meant, once and for all, the end of the Cold War, which had started in the late 1940s.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) was a master portraitist and painter of historical scenes, his works are considered aristocratically elegant. b) Known for glass-covered boxes filled with enigmatically arranged found objects and collages, Joseph Cornell (1903-1972) was a product of surrealism, which relied on irrational juxtaposition. c) Stuart Davis (1894-1964) borrowed cubism from European artists and made it American his paintings present bright colors.

b) Known for glass-covered boxes filled with enigmatically arranged found objects and collages, Joseph Cornell (1903-1972) was a product of surrealism, which relied on irrational juxtaposition.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) The creations of Diego Rivera (1886-1957) celebrate Mexico's history and workers, he is a founder of the Mexican mural renaissance. b) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) possessed many talents; two of his most famous paintings are The Last Supper (1495-1498) and the Mona Lisa (1503-1506). c) Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) produced many important paintings including The Three Musicians (1921) and Guernica (1937) beyond his life as a painter, he was a sculptor, graphic artist, and ceramicist.

b) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) possessed many talents; two of his most famous paintings are The Last Supper (1495-1498) and the Mona Lisa (1503-1506).

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) was the father of clinical psychology and set up the first psychological clinic. Alfred Binet (1851-1911) designed the first intelligence test. a) Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) was the father of clinical psychology, he had set up the first psychological clinic. Alfred Binet (1851-1911) designed the first intelligence test. b) Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) was the father of clinical psychology; he had set up the first psychological clinic, Alfred Binet (1851-1911) designed the first intelligence test. c) No change

b) Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) was the father of clinical psychology; he had set up the first psychological clinic, Alfred Binet (1851-1911) designed the first intelligence test.

Each of the following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original without introducing another comma splice or fused sentence. If the original passage is correct, select No change. What's the difference between psychology and psychiatry? The former studies mental processes and behavior, the latter is a branch of medicine specializing in mental illness. a) What's the difference between psychology and psychiatry? The former studies mental processes and behavior the latter is a branch of medicine specializing in mental illness. b) What's the difference between psychology and psychiatry? The former studies mental processes and behavior; the latter is a branch of medicine specializing in mental illness. c) No change

b) What's the difference between psychology and psychiatry? The former studies mental processes and behavior; the latter is a branch of medicine specializing in mental illness.

Select the verb that belongs in the blank. Among the most populous cities in the United States _____ New York City and Los Angeles. a) is b) are

b) are

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. Modern psychology began with the work of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who set up a laboratory in Germany for the study of the mind, about the same time, William James (1842-1910), a Harvard professor, published Principles of Psychology. Both men taught many students, who continued their work. a) Modern psychology began with the work of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who set up a laboratory in Germany for the study of the mind, and of William James (1842-1910), a Harvard professor, who published Principles of Psychology, both men taught many students, who continued their work. b) Modern psychology began with the work of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who set up a laboratory in Germany for the study of the mind, and of William James (1842-1910), a Harvard professor, who published Principles of Psychology. Both men taught many students, who continued their work. c) No change

b) Modern psychology began with the work of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who set up a laboratory in Germany for the study of the mind, and of William James (1842-1910), a Harvard professor, who published Principles of Psychology. Both men taught many students, who continued their work.

Select the answer that contains no problem with pronoun reference, pronoun-antecedent agreement, or pronoun case. a) "Management tries to exploit we nurses," read the placard. b) One nurse had been working thirteen-hour shifts every Saturday for three years; it was she who mobilized her coworkers to strike. c) Ms. Goodman, the nurse, and my mother spoke in private. She said I should get out of bed.

b) One nurse had been working thirteen-hour shifts every Saturday for three years; it was she who mobilized her coworkers to strike.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) A major proponent of abstract expressionism and action painting, Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) arrived in the United States as a stowaway and first supported himself here as a house painter, toward the end of his life he worked on sculptures. b) One of the best-known paintings by Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), The Gross Clinic, captures a surgical operation, a subject considered inappropriate at the time. Eakins lost an academic position because he used nude models in mixed classes. c) Jenny Holzer (born 1950) produces multimedia works electronic message boards are one of the media she uses.

b) One of the best-known paintings by Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), The Gross Clinic, captures a surgical operation, a subject considered inappropriate at the time. Eakins lost an academic position because he used nude models in mixed classes.

Each of the numbered items contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat. People with bulimia nervosa may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting. a) If people with anorexia nervosa refuse to eat, people with bulimia nervosa may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting. b) People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat, whereas people with bulimia nervosa may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting. c) People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat because people with bulimia nervosa may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

b) People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat, whereas people with bulimia nervosa may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. Neither the clowns nor the animal trainer showed their fear of the lions. a) Leave as is. b) Reverse the compound subject, putting the animal trainer first and the clowns second. c) Change their fear to his fear.

b) Reverse the compound subject, putting the animal trainer first and the clowns second.

For each of the following items, select the answer that correctly uses a parallel structure. If the original sentence uses a parallel structure correctly, select No change. The Norton Field Guide offers the guidance many new teachers need and the flexibility wanted by many experienced teachers. a) The Norton Field Guide offers guidance for new teachers and the flexibility many experienced teachers want. b) The Norton Field Guide offers the guidance many new teachers need and the flexibility many experienced teachers want. c) No change

b) The Norton Field Guide offers the guidance many new teachers need and the flexibility many experienced teachers want.

Select the answer that has no unnecessary shifts in tense or point of view. a) The antiwar movement, spawned by the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement made the 1960s a decade of rebellion by young Americans. We called for social change. b) The antiwar movement, spawned by the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement made the 1960s a decade of rebellion by young Americans who called for social change. c) The antiwar movement, spawned by the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement made the 1960s a decade of rebellion by young Americans who have called for social change.

b) The antiwar movement, spawned by the Vietnam War, and the civil rights movement made the 1960s a decade of rebellion by young Americans who called for social change.

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East. They were used for irrigation. a) Having been used for irrigation, the earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East. b) The earliest canals, which were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, were used for irrigation. c) The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, but they were used for irrigation.

b) The earliest canals, which were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, were used for irrigation.

The following passages may contain a comma splice or a fused sentence. Select the answer that eliminates the problem in the original. The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in mental and behavioral performance over time, the field began with a focus on child psychology, it has grown to track changes throughout a lifetime. a) The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in mental and behavioral performance over time. The field began with a focus on child psychology, it has grown to track changes throughout a lifetime. b) The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in mental and behavioral performance over time. Although the field began with a focus on child psychology, it has grown to track changes throughout a lifetime. c) No change

b) The field of developmental psychology deals with changes in mental and behavioral performance over time. Although the field began with a focus on child psychology, it has grown to track changes throughout a lifetime.

In the sentence, all subjects in the independent clauses should be marked in boldface, and all verbs in the independent clauses should be underlined. However, in some of the sentences, these elements are not correctly marked. Select the answer that correctly identifies all of the subjects and verbs in the independent clause. After Jake sped away in his Mustang and left Sue alone at the party, she asked Jimmy to give her a ride home. a) Jake; sped, left b) she; asked c) No change

b) she; asked

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year. Cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others. a) According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; as a result, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others. b)According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year, so cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others. c) According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; in addition, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

c) According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; in addition, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

Choose the sentence in which the underlined verb agrees with the underlined indefinite pronoun. All of the mashed potatoes _______ eaten, but all of the salad _______. a) All of the mashed potatoes was eaten, but all of the salad remains. b) All of the mashed potatoes was eaten, but all of the salad remain. c) All of the mashed potatoes were eaten, but all of the salad remains. d) All of the mashed potatoes were eaten, but all of the salad remain.

c) All of the mashed potatoes were eaten, but all of the salad remains.

The item contains two or more sentences followed by three options for combining them using coordination or subordination. Select the combination that makes the best sense. Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction. These drugs can save lives. a) When the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction, these drugs can save lives. b) Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction; obviously, these drugs can save lives. Correct! c) Although the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.

c) Although the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. Everyone at the boys' camp on this side of the lake and at the girls' camp across the lake must demonstrate that he can swim the width of the lake. a) Leave as is. b) Change he can swim to they can swim. c) Change Everyone to All the campers; change he can swim to they can swim.

c) Change Everyone to All the campers; change he can swim to they can swim.

Some of the following sentences contain an inappropriate pronoun. For each sentence, select the option that would result in a sentence in which all of the pronouns (if any) make sense and agree with their antecedents in gender and in number. Martha Graham and George Balanchine had his own ideas about choreography. a) Leave as is. b) Change his to her. c) Change his to their.

c) Change his to their.

Select the answer that contains neither a comma splice nor a fused sentence. a) The sculptor Alexander Calder (1898-1976) gained fame for his mobiles and wire sculptures of circuses he went on to produce large sculptures for public areas. b) The painter Mary Cassatt (1845-1926) was born in Pennsylvania but spent many years in Paris, where the Impressionists thrived, she chose women and children as her special subject. c) Feminist artist Judy Chicago (born 1939) creates multimedia projects. Her best-known work is The Dinner Party, which explores women's history.

c) Feminist artist Judy Chicago (born 1939) creates multimedia projects. Her best-known work is The Dinner Party, which explores women's history.