english 11a

"NASA's Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to How Water Helped Shape Martian Landscape" describes what needs to happen for scientists to determine the environmental conditions that were present on Mars when lakes and rivers existed. Which passage from the text helps develop this description?

"As Curiosity climbs higher on Mount Sharp, we will have a series of experiments to show patterns in how the atmosphere and the water and the sediments interact. We may see how the chemistry changed in the lakes over time ..."

What evidence from "'Rewilding' Draws on the Past to Modify Plants" best supports the idea that the term "genetically modified organism (G.M.O.)" has more than one meaning?

"In Europe, the rules are different, they report. There, G.M.O. is defined by the process, not the product."

Jeremy just opened a photo he took with his camera. What type of image is the photo. Select all that apply.

(0.75/1) - pixel - raster x line art

In which two passages from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" does Monbiot best use word choice to support his stance that all species, including humans, thrive when they live as nature intends? Select all that apply.

- "And I found myself sort of scratching at the walls of life, as if I was trying to find a way out into a wider space beyond. I was, I believe, ecologically bored." - "It offers us the hope that our silent spring could be replaced by a raucous summer."

What evidence from "Street Farmer" supports the idea that urban gardening generates employment opportunities? Select all that apply.

- "Without microbe- and nutrient-rich worm castings ... he couldn't employ scores of people, some from the nearby housing project ..." - "And in May, the Kellogg Foundation gave Allen $400,000 to create jobs in urban agriculture."

Which options contain examples of contested usage but are written correctly? Select all that apply.

- Although Zane was listening attentively, he could not figure out what his math teacher was talking about - Andrew had performed poorly on the first test, but he was able to finally achieve a good score on his last attempt.

Which passages from "Street Farmer" contain figurative language? Select all that apply.

- The farmers in training hung on every word. - "I'd run my experiments over and over and over—just like an athlete operates."

Which sentences use the word deviate correctly? Select all that apply.

- The governor declared that he would not deviate from his course of continued tax cuts. - The airline pilot had to deviate from the planned course to avoid an area of thunderstorms.

What is covered by intellectual property law? Select all that apply.

- patents - trade secrets

Which of the following is considered covered by intellectual property law? Select all that apply.

- publishing a secret formula - using a registered slogan

How long would a copyright last if the item was created today?

70 years after the author's death

What is a central idea in "Principles of Conservation"?

Conservation means the greatest good to the greatest number for the longest time.

Read the passage from "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well." The report says stress appears to be affecting teens' performance in all aspects of life: 59% report that managing their time to balance all activities is a somewhat or very significant stressor; 40% say they neglected responsibilities at home because of stress; 21% say they neglected work or school because of stress; 32% say they experience headaches because of stress; 26% report changes in sleeping habits; 26% report snapping at or being short with classmates or teammates when under stress. What is function of the bulleted items in this passage?

Each bullet point provides a brief interpretation of the information obtained in the teen stress study. This highlights for readers the most significant causes and effects of teen stress.

What is a central idea in "Street Farmer"?

Food and animal waste can be repurposed to benefit people and the environment.

Professor John Morton plans to relinquish his position as department chair. What does this mean?

He is giving up his position.

Which passage from "Street Farmer" contains an allusion?

If inside the greenhouse was Eden, outdoors was, as Allen explained on a drive through the neighborhood, "a food desert."

Which sentence contains an example of jargon?

If you need general information about the event, consult the FAQ section of the hosting venue.

Read this sentence. The pickup truck was indispensable to the landscaping effort because we had to haul dirt, move plants, and transport gravel to complete the project. How does the word indispensable function in the sentence and what does it mean?

Indispensable functions as an adjective and means "completely necessary."

How does the graph near the end of the "What Makes You Sleep?" section of "All About Sleep" effectively contribute to this portion of the text?

It provides a representation of a typical eight-hour sleep period and shows periods of REM and non-REM sleep.

Which option contains a euphemism?

Kevin was let go from his position in sales because of low productivity and a poor attitude.

Lujendra Ojha noticed dark streaks on Mars in images from the MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment.

Lujendra Ojha noticed dark streaks on Mars in images from the MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment.

What is a central idea of "Why People Oppose GMOs Even Though Science Says They Are Safe"?

Popular opinion about GMOs is negatively influenced by intuition and feelings.

What is a central idea in "'Rewilding' Draws on the Past to Modify Plants"?

Rewilding is the process of introducing the genes of ancient plants into modern species with the intent to make today's plants more productive.

What inference can be made from the information in the "How Stress Affects Teens" graph in "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well"?

Stress most negatively affects teens' emotional health.

A problem shared in "Balancing Calories to Manage Weight" is that environmental factors promote overconsumption of calories and discourage calorie expenditure. How well does the article present a solution to the problem?

The article provides a solution by including types of exercise one can do to increase calorie expenditure, including walking and other key physical activities.

What is an appeal to pathos?

The author attempts to connect with or to persuade the audience by using universally held emotions, beliefs, or experiences.

A designer made several changes to someone else's design and cited the original artist. However, he sold the new version without the original artist's permission. Which statement most accurately describes the legal situation?

The designer can be sued for copyright infringement but might win if the changes were substantial.

In "Your Average, Everyday Zombie," why does the author refer to the host animals described in the article as the walking dead?

The host animals can physically function, but they have lost control of their minds and bodies.

In which sentence are all words used correctly?

The judge asked the attorney to cite the cases that would back up her argument.

What is the purpose of the photographs that accompany each step of the "Construction in 6 Easy Steps" section of "How to Manage Stormwater: Rain Barrels"?

The photographs provide visual representations of the instructions in each step.

What is a central idea in "NASA's Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to How Water Helped Shape Martian Landscape"?

The purpose of the Curiosity mission is to study ancient environments and the way the Martian environment has changed over time.

What is the impact of the scenario that begins the article "Your Average, Everyday Zombie"?

The vivid description from the roach's perspective adds interest and helps readers better understand parasitic relationships.

What is a key idea in "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation"?

There are positive and negative aspects to the practices of the tissue-donation industry.

What is a key point from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World"?

There are two components of rewilding: restoration of ecosystems, and restoration of humans' connection to the natural world.

Why do certain words in "All About Sleep" appear in boldfaced text?

They are key vocabulary words.

What legal precedent did the court case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier establish?

Unless a school is designated as a public forum for student expression, First Amendment protection is reduced.

What is a key idea in "Making a Budget"?

You should grow a savings account to prepare for emergencies and to make major purchases.

Dena created a logo in Adobe Illustrator and exported it as a .jpeg file format. The logo began as a _[blank_1]_ image, but saving as a .jpeg converted it to a _[blank_2]_ image.

blank 1 : a vector black 2 : a raster

Which text structure is most effective to use to describe the timeline associated with the development of the polio vaccine?

chronological

Carlos just drew a vector and wants to change its shape. What does he need to do?

click on a point and adjust the handles

At what point of a project does a copyright take effect?

creation

What is irrelevant evidence?

details that are unrelated to main ideas

Which of these is a violation of intellectual property laws?

drawing a close copy of another person's art

Which word is an antonym for erroneously?

factually

According to "NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars," what must be present for liquid water to form on Mars?

hydrated salts, because they lower the freezing point of a liquid brine

The video presentation Teach Every Child About Food engages the audience differently than the article "Balancing Calories to Manage Weight" by using _[blank]_ to convey information. Which option best completes the sentence?

real-life examples

Read this paragraph from "Your Average, Everyday Zombie." First, the momma fly injects her eggs into the body cavity of the ant host. Once they hatch, the larvae make their way to the ant's head, where they feed on hemolymph (ant blood), muscle, and nervous tissue (aka brraaaaaiiiiiinnnnssss). The larval flies will spend weeks inside the head of their host, controlling its behavior while snacking on its brains until they have completely emptied the ant's head. The ant, meanwhile, wanders around in a zombie-like state. When the young fly decides it is ready to pupate, it releases an enzyme which decapitates the ant by dissolving the membrane which attaches its head to its body. The larva pupates in the ant's disembodied head for about two more weeks, then emerges as a full-grown adult, ready to mate and find its own zombie host. What is the organizational structure of the paragraph?

sequence

What is anaphora?

the purposeful repetition of the same word or words in the same manner in successive sentences, clauses, or phrases

In "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," what is the most likely reason the speaker uses a conversational tone?

to befriend the audience and to make the complex content easier to understand

What is the purpose of a glossary?

to provide definitions for key terms in a specific text

Read this sentence. Carlotta resented the intrusion when her mother entered her room without knocking. What does intrusion mean in this sentence?

violation of privacy

How do "All About Sleep" and "Sleep Problems and Solutions" treat the topic of sleep differently?

"All About Sleep" focuses on the science of sleep, while "Sleep Problems and Solutions" focuses on sleep deficiency and improving sleep habits.

In "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," Monbiot asserts that in the past, a far greater range of plant and animal species than we know of lived in Earth's ecosystems. Which passage from the presentation most effectively supports this stance?

"And even so, you can still see the shadows of these great beasts in our current ecosystems. Why is it that so many deciduous trees are able to sprout from whatever point the trunk is broken? Why is it that they can withstand the loss of so much of their bark? Why do understory trees, which are subject to lower sheer forces from the wind and have to carry less weight than the big canopy trees, why are they so much tougher and harder to break than the canopy trees are? Elephants. They are elephant-adapted."

Which statement from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" establishes the speaker's perspective on the human aspect of rewilding and how rewilding motivates people?

"And perhaps this is the most important thing that rewilding offers us, the most important thing that's missing from our lives: hope."

What evidence from "Street Farmer" supports the inference that Will Allen is always looking for ways to expand urban gardening?

"As Allen can't help reminding us, with a mischievous smile, 'Chicago has 77,000 vacant lots.'"

Which passage from "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation" best explains the key problem Chris Truitt has with the tissue-donation industry?

"Instead of being stewards of the gift, instead of recovering what the family wanted and treating each donor with the ultimate in respect, the company was actually looking at each donor as a profit machine, as nothing more than raw resources, and it was our job to take as much of those resources as we possibly could," he says.

A central idea in "NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars" is that life cannot exist without water. Which passage from the text best supports this central idea?

"Our quest on Mars has been to 'follow the water,' in our search for life in the universe, and now we have convincing science that validates what we've long suspected ..."

What evidence from "Conservation as a National Duty" supports the inference that Roosevelt believes the focus on industrialization and accumulation has negatively affected the character of American citizens?

"So great and so rapid has been our material growth that there has been a tendency to lag behind in spiritual and moral growth ..."

Study the image. https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/625/asset/media/1091463 In this image, what features are most likely made with vectors? Select all that apply.

(0.75/1) - icons - circles x bachground

What evidence from "Conservation as a National Duty" best establishes that Roosevelt's speech is structured to bring attention to an issue and to make a call to action for change? Select all that apply.

- "I have asked you to come together now because the enormous consumption of these resources, and the threat of imminent exhaustion of some of them, due to reckless and wasteful use, once more calls for common effort, common action." - "This Conference on the conservation of natural resources is in effect a meeting of the representatives of all the people of the United States called to consider the weightiest problem now before the Nation; and the occasion for the meeting lies in the fact that the natural resources of our country are in danger of exhaustion if we permit the old wasteful methods of exploiting them longer to continue."

Which passages from The Education of a Young Chief best show that an important aspect of the narrator's culture is to think of the needs of others in the community before one's own needs? Select all that apply.

- "If you reverence the aged, many will be glad to hear of your name," were the words of my father. "The poor man will say to his children, 'my children, let us go to him, for he is a great hunter, and is kind to the poor; he will not turn us away empty.' - The Indians, as has just been said, once had a custom, which is now done away, of making a great feast of the first deer that a young hunter caught; the young hunter, however, was not to partake of any of it, but wait upon the others.

The title of the presentation "For More Wonder, Rewild the World" suggests Monbiot's perspective is that restoring ecosystems to their natural, wild state would make human life more exciting and fulfilling. Which two passages from the presentation most clearly establish Monbiot's perspective? Select all that apply.

- "Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems, crucial to an understanding of our own, feels like a portal through which you may pass into an enchanted kingdom. And if we really are looking at areas of land of the sort of sizes I've been talking about becoming available, why not reintroduce some of our lost megafauna, or at least species closely related to those which have become extinct everywhere?" - "Now, I mentioned that there are two definitions of rewilding that interest me. The other one is the rewilding of human life. And I don't see this as an alternative to civilization. I believe we can enjoy the benefits of advanced technology, as we're doing now, but at the same time, if we choose, have access to a richer and wilder life of adventure when we want to because there would be wonderful, rewilded habitats."

Which two passages from "'Rewilding' Draws on the Past to Modify Plants" help to develop the idea that there are disadvantages to crossbreeding? Select all that apply.

- "This method works but it has drawbacks. You prefer to move only the genes you want." - But because wheat has three genomes, it is impossible to use crossbreeding to knock out that gene in all three at once.

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (9) Scientists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center near Laurel, Maryland, began investigating the peregrine's decline. They found unusually high concentrations of the pesticide DDT and its breakdown product DDE in peregrine falcons and other birds of prey. The peregrines accumulated DDT in their tissues by feeding on birds that had eaten DDT-contaminated insects or seeds. The toxic chemical interfered with eggshell formation. As a result, falcons laid eggs with shells so thin they often broke during incubation or otherwise failed to hatch. Because too few young were raised to replace adults that died, peregrine populations declined precipitously. Which two transitions are most helpful in determining the organizational structure of the paragraph? Select all that apply.

- As a result - because

In "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation," what was revealed by the study of calls made by representatives from tissue banks? Select all that apply.

- Donor families, in most cases, are not made aware that their loved ones' tissues may be sold for profit or used for cosmetic surgery. - Families are more likely to agree to donate tissue and organs if they are well-educated about the process.

Which statements correctly explain differences between explicit and implicit meanings? Select all that apply.

- Explicit meanings usually have literal meaning; implicit meanings may have figurative meaning. - Explicit meanings are directly stated; implicit meanings must be inferred.

In "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation," when Chris Truitt's employer began competitions and contests to increase profits, what did he do? Select all that apply.

- He realized that the tissue-donation industry is flawed and in need of serious change. - He began to worry that the tissue-donation industry is more about making profits than helping people.

Read this passage from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. Dr. King appeals to his audience's sense of pathos in this passage. What are the intended effects of this appeal?

- He wants to invoke a sense of unity and to inspire his audience to act. - He wants the audience to feel hopeful that justice will be coming soon.

Which options are written correctly and are examples of contested usage?

- Hearing the commotion across the room, the audience gravitated toward the noise to see what the fuss was about. - The meal was served in six courses, each more complex and colorful than the last. And each one was delicious too. - Maria knew the child was frightened, so she tried to gently remove the bandage from the panicked toddler's finger.

Which passages from "The Bean-Field" contain evidence that supports the inference that Thoreau compares farming to art? Select all that apply.

- I worked barefooted, dabbling like a plastic artist in the dewy and crumbling sand ... - When my hoe tinkled against the stones, that music echoed to the woods and the sky, and was an accompaniment to my labor ...

Which sentences from "How to Select a Checking Account" contain jargon specific to the banking industry? Select all that apply.

- Keep additional funds in another account with a better interest rate, such as a CD or high-yield savings account. - You should open a primary checking account with whatever institution pays the highest interest rate and charges the lowest fees.

Based on Teach Every Child About Food, which two passages best identify the speaker's perspective on the importance of educating people about healthier eating?

- Obesity costs you Americans 10 percent of your health-care bills, 150 billion dollars a year. In 10 years, it's set to double: 300 billion dollars a year. - Fact: diet-related disease is the biggest killer in the United States, right now, here today. This is a global problem. It's a catastrophe. It's sweeping the world.

Which sentences use the word entail correctly? Select all that apply.

- Recovery from knee surgery necessarily entails a combination of rest and physical therapy. - The city's financial proposals entail considerable risk because they are based on guesswork.

Read the sentence. Shelly decided gradually to lose weight by attending classes at the gym and by waking each morning briskly to run around the block. Which options most effectively revises the split infinitive in the sentence? Select all that apply.

- Shelly decided to gradually lose weight by attending classes at the gym and by waking each morning to run briskly around the block. - Shelly decided to lose weight gradually by attending classes at the gym and by waking each morning to briskly run around the block.

Which passages from "Declaration of Conscience" best support the author's claim that the nation is riddled with "fear and frustration"? Select all that apply.

- The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as "Communists" or "Fascists" by their opponents. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others. - The exercise of these rights should not cost one single American citizen his reputation or his right to a livelihood nor should he be in danger of losing his reputation or livelihood merely because he happens to know someone who holds unpopular beliefs. Who of us doesn't? Otherwise none of us could call our souls our own.

In "Declaration of Conscience," Margaret Chase Smith develops a claim that if the American nation is to prosper, serious changes need to be made to the policies and actions of the government. In which passages does Smith best develop this claim? Select all that apply.

- The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. - As an American, I don't want a Democratic Administration "whitewash" or "cover-up" any more than I want a Republican smear or witch hunt. - Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others.

A central idea in "Principles of Conservation" is that applying the principles of conservation will lead to greater efficiency in all aspects of life. Which two passages from the text best support this idea? Select all that apply.

- The development of resources and the prevention of waste and loss, the protection of the public interests, by foresight, prudence, and the ordinary business and home-making virtues, all these apply to other things as well as to the natural resources. - ... we are coming to see the logical and inevitable outcome that these principles, which arose in forestry and have their bloom in the conservation of natural resources, will have their fruit in the increase and promotion of national efficiency along other lines of national life.

A central idea in "Principles of Conservation" is that people have an obligation to effectively manage natural resources. Which two passages from the text best support this central idea? Select all that apply.

- The first duty of the human race is to control the earth it lives upon. - The development of our natural resources and the fullest use of them for the present generation is the first duty of this generation.

Read this sentence from "Conservation as a National Duty." Indeed, the growth of this Nation by leaps and bounds makes one of the most striking and important chapters in the history of the world. What is the meaning of the figurative language in this sentence? Select all that apply.

- The phrase "by leaps and bounds" means moving forward with rapid progress. - The phrase "chapters in the history of the world" compares periods of time to parts of a book.

Which details from "NASA's Curiosity Rover Finds Clues to How Water Helped Shape Martian Landscape" help develop the central idea that lakes may have once existed on Mars? Select all that apply.

- The rock layers—alternating between lake, river and wind deposits—bear witness to the repeated filling and evaporation of a Martian lake much larger and longer-lasting than any previously examined close-up. - This interpretation of Curiosity's finds in Gale Crater suggests ancient Mars maintained a climate that could have produced long-lasting lakes at many locations on the Red Planet.

Reread the information from sections 10:39-11:36 of the transcript of "For More Wonder, Rewild the World." What inferences can be made based on this information? Select all that apply.

- The speaker considers these areas to have the potential to be restored to their natural state because the human populations and influence have been removed. - By removing the human element from vast stretches of land, we have the potential to reintroduce species of animals and plants that have long since disappeared.

Which sentences use the word ramification correctly? Select all that apply.

- The two business executives are considering the legal ramifications of creating a partnership. - The Senate committee wants to explore all the ramifications of the bill before voting.

Which of the following statement(s) about plagiarism is/are true? Select all that apply.

- There are potential penalties even if the plagiarism is accidental. - There are online plagiarism detection software apps.

Which two passages from "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation" best develop the idea that tissue donations provide more benefits than organ donations? Select all that apply.

- Tissue is anything that's not a live organ and can be recovered from a dead body. It can then be turned into scores of medical products. - Tissue grafts help 50 times more people than the number who receive organ donations ...

Read this passage from "Your Average, Everyday Zombie." All of a sudden, you are set upon by a flying nightmare whose body shines iridescent green. Limbs intertwine as she fights to subdue you. You struggle; every muscle in your body tenses and flexes as you try to fling the emerald harpy off your back, but you feel her jaws clamp down, and she remains attached. What figures of speech are used in the passage? Select all that apply.

- flying nightmare - emerald harpy

Read the sentence. The large pig could barely fit into its pen. Read the thesaurus entry for large. largebig, bulky, enormous, generous, gigantic, hefty, outsize, substantial, voluminous Which of these synonyms for large would help the writer create a more precise description in the sentence? Select all that apply.

- gigantic - enormous

What is a possible outcome of a lawsuit over intellectual property? Select all that apply.

- imprisonment for a year - fine of $20,000

Read this passage from "5 Tips: Protecting Your Checking Account." Criminals may ask you for your bank account number and then withdraw money from your account by creating a demand draft (sometimes called a "remotely created check") or making an electronic transfer. They may also ask for your debit or credit card number and other personal information. Which phrases are technical phrases used in the passage? Select all that apply.

- remotely created check - demand draft

Which words are synonyms for raucous? Select all that apply.

- rowdy - noisy

Which usage practices were once thought of as incorrect but are now sometimes acceptable? Select all that apply.

- starting a sentence with a coordinating conjunction - ending a sentence with a preposition - splitting an infinitive

What can a designer legally do if someone copies their design without permission? Select all that apply.

- sue them - settle out of court

What are the purposes of Margaret Chase Smith's speech "Declaration of Conscience"? Select all that apply.

- to call attention to the ineffective leadership policies of the US government and its branches - to declare that the American people need to renew their strength and belief in the nation

In "Leather and Meat without Killing Animals," why does the author provide statistics about the world's current and projected human and animal herd populations? Select all that apply.

- to explain that an increase in livestock will have a serious impact on the planet, so there is a tremendous need for his business, which grows biological products - to connect to the idea that today, maintaining animal herds takes a major toll on our planet, so increasing animal production to meet increasing human needs will make the problem worse

Which options best describe the purposes for including the table in the "How Much Sleep Is Enough?" section of "Sleep Problems and Solutions"? Select all that apply.

- to provide a guide that shows how much daily sleep different age groups should get - to show a relationship between age and suggested hours of sleep

Which passage from "The Bean-Field" shows that the soil Thoreau cultivated was poor in nutrients?

... but in the course of the summer it appeared by the arrowheads which I turned up in hoeing, that an extinct nation had anciently dwelt here and planted corn and beans before white men came to clear the land, and so, to some extent, had exhausted the soil for this very crop.

Which passage from "A Defense of the Constitution" uses analogy?

... if ever this maxim was fully demonstrated and exemplified among men, it was in the late American Revolution, where thirteen governments were taken down from the foundation, and new ones elected wholly by the people, as an architect would pull down an old building and erect a new one.

Which scenario illustrates what it means to procrastinate?

Alison watched one more episode of her favorite TV show instead of starting her chores.

In which sentence is symbiotic used correctly?

Barnacles and whales have a symbiotic relationship; barnacles attach themselves to whales for a safe place to live and transportation to food sources, and whales benefit from the protective barrier that barnacles provide.

Read this paragraph from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The school officials in this case did not deviate from their policy that the newspaper's production was to be part of the educational curriculum ... under the journalism teacher's control as to almost every aspect of publication. The officials did not evince any intent to open the paper's pages to indiscriminate use by its student reporters and editors, or by the student body generally. Accordingly, school officials were entitled to regulate the paper's contents in any reasonable manner. Which sentence most accurately describes the premise of the argument stated in the paragraph?

Because school officials are accountable for protecting students and their education, they have full control over the newspaper's publication.

What correctly identifies a text feature and its function?

Boldfaced text signals to readers that a word or phrase is important.

In "Save the Redwoods," how does the organizational structure of Paragraph 3 help to develop Muir's point that redwoods are at great risk?

By specifically describing the small range in which redwoods grow, he emphasizes that redwoods are a rare resource that cannot easily be replaced if destroyed.

Read this passage from "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" But, as with every choice, there is always a tradeoff. And if we spend fifty hours a week in a demanding job, that's 50+ hours we aren't spending somewhere else. The struggle many modern women have is reconciling ourselves with the tradeoffs of our choices when two mutually exclusive choices both hold strong appeal. Social conditioning has meant that men wrestle less with the tradeoffs of combining career and parenthood than women. By virtue of that, they are more liberated. The term 'fathers-guilt' has not been coined for a reason. They aren't burdened by it. How does faulty reasoning in this passage detract from the author's argument that women deserve equal opportunities as those that men receive?

By suggesting that women are limited because they have more responsibilities than men and by criticizing men's freedom, the author undermines her argument that women are strong and capable of performing any job duties.

Read the following sentence from "A Defense of the Constitution," which contains the rhetorical device of parallel structure. ... they can never act, consult, or reason together, because they cannot march five hundred miles, nor spare the time, nor find a space to meet ... How does the author's use of the repetition of the word they and the never/nor construction affect the sentence's meaning?

By utilizing similar word patterns, Adams employs rhythm and balance to give clarity to his ideas and to concisely express them.

Fireworks are beautiful; but as with many beautiful things, they are also dangerous. Misusing fireworks can result in property damage, injury, and even the loss of life. Such accidents usually happen for one of two reasons. The operators may be using poorly manufactured products, such as fireworks with fuses that burn too quickly. A defective firework can cause even the most skilled operator to have an accident. Other times, however, it is the operator who is at fault. The operator may be unskilled or distracted and make a mistake, such as setting up an explosion sequence improperly or not accounting for conditions in the environment, like soundproof foaming. For these reasons, even the most beautiful fireworks display can turn really ugly really quickly.

Cause / Effect

What's that in the sky? Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No, it's a firework! Fireworks capture the attention of crowds around the world, but how do they work? First, the firework is stuffed into a tube loaded with gunpowder. This is the mortar. Second, a fuse that leads to the mortar is lit. When the fuse ignites the gunpowder in the mortar, an explosion launches the firework into the air. A fuse on the firework is lit at the same time as the mortar fuse, but this fuse burns slower, allowing the firework to get into the air before it explodes. After it has risen to its peak, the firework should explode, causing tiny pieces of metal to burn in different colors as they scatter outward. Oooooh!

Chronological order

Read the paragraph. Coconut oil is beneficial for people and pets alike. It is a natural substance that can be ingested or applied externally. It contains healthy fatty acids and vitamins. Use coconut oil to flavor your coffee, to keep insects away, or to soothe dry skin. Rub it into your pet's coat to add moisture and shine, or add it to your pet's food to help with digestion and promote joint health. These are just a few of the uses for coconut oil. Which statement best conveys the central idea of the paragraph?

Coconut oil is a very useful product.

Sparklers and smoke bombs are my favorite kinds of fireworks. They are both safe and fun but they are also quite different. After you light a smoke bomb, you should put it on the ground and run. Stand back and watch it go! When you light a sparkler, however, you continue to hold it until it is done sparkling. You're your hand around and have an awesome time! They also burn differently. Sparklers create bright lights and sparks when you light them, but smoke bombs create smoke in different colors. Remember kids: smoke bombs and sparklers are both extremely dangerous and should only be used by professionals.

Compare / Contrast

How does the author of "The Science of Conquering Your Fears—And Living a More Courageous Life" use headings to organize her message?

Each heading presents a specific action readers can take to overcome fear and improve their lives.

How does the author of "Sleep Problems and Solutions" effectively use headings to organize important ideas?

Each heading sets up guidance for people to follow so that they can address sleep deficiency and improve their sleep habits.

Read the passage. Nowadays, many people are eating at fast food restaurants more than once per week. Research has shown a positive correlation between the amount of fast food eaten and the level of obesity. More fast food consumption inevitably leads to a higher risk of obesity and obesity-related health problems. The argument is that consuming unhealthy foods causes obesity. Which premise best creates a basis for this argument?

Eating fast food is unhealthy.

Read the passage from The Education of a Young Chief. Yes, Niagara will be Niagara a thousand years hence! The rainbow, a wreath over her brow, shall continue as long as the sun, and the flowing of the river—while the work of art, however impregnable, shall in atoms fall! What idea can be inferred from this passage?

Elements of nature will outlast man-made elements.

Read this sentence from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. First Amendment rights of students in the public schools are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings, and must be applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment. What is a key point in this sentence?

First Amendment rights of adults do not always extend to students in public schools.

In "Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks," which passage best helps to develop the argument that patients' tissue, until it is used for research, offers no financial benefit to the patients?

First, although it is true that the patients have contributed "raw materials" necessary for development of the cell line, it is the investigators, not the patients, whose intellectual contributions lead to the creation of value.

In "'Rewilding' Draws on the Past to Modify Plants," readers learn that people may consider rewilding to be the same as genetic modification. Which passage from the text best supports this idea?

For rewilding with precision breeding, the question of whether the food was organic would hinge on whether the gene that was introduced was considered "foreign."

Read the sentence. As the clouds rolled in and blocked the sun, the gaffer had to reposition the camera crew and make several adjustments to the lighting setup before the actors could resume their lines. Which explanation best applies to the word gaffer?

Gaffer is a technical term that means an electrician responsible for the lighting on a television or movie set.

Read this passage from "Street Farmer." "Creating soil from waste is what I enjoy most," he said. "Anyone can grow food."What does Allen actually mean when he states, "Anyone can grow food"?

He believes his work is unique in the agricultural field and requires great expertise.

According to "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation," why did Chris Truitt become an advocate for the tissue-donation business?

He was moved to action when his daughter was a donor and he saw firsthand how tissue and organ donations transform lives.

In "Leather and Meat without Killing Animals," the author develops the idea that the leather and meat industries are harmful and reckless with resources. In which passage does the author best refine this idea by suggesting that these industries are also intentionally misleading the public?

Imagine touring this facility, learning about how the leather or meat is cultured, seeing the process from beginning to end, and even trying some. It's clean, open and educational, and this is in contrast to the hidden, guarded and remote factories where leather and meat is produced today.

Which answer best states a key idea in "Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks"?

In the majority of cases, tissue that is removed in the treatment of a disease or illness is not the legal property of the patient.

Study the image. https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/625/asset/media/1154140 Carter just designed a magazine ad for a facial cream. Which is true about the jar of facial cream?

It appears to be made with vectors.

Based on "Mindsuckers: Meet Nature's Nightmare," what happens when a wasp inserts its stinger into a ladybug or glues its eggs on a spider?

It begins a parasitic relationship.

Read the passage. The actor's life is a Cinderella story. She was waiting tables in Hollywood when a casting director spotted her and gave her a small role. An Oscar nomination followed, and her career took off. What is the purpose of using the phrase a Cinderella story in this passage?

It compares the actor's life to events in the story "Cinderella," in which the heroine rises from poverty to find riches and happiness.

Read the sentence from Teach Every Child About Food. I profoundly believe that the power of food has a primal place in our homes that binds us to the best bits of life. Which option best describes the effect of Jamie Oliver's use of profoundly in the sentence?

It emphasizes his strong belief in the importance of food in people's lives.

Read this passage from "Your Average, Everyday Zombie." They will perform their acts as needed by their parasitic puppet master, and only once their bodies have served their function will the zombie be released into the sweet arms of eternity. How does the author's use of the words "released into the sweet arms of eternity" affect the meaning of the text?

It emphasizes how much the animal host has suffered by describing death as a release and a place of comfort.

How does the table in Paragraph 9 of "Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks" help to clarify the purpose of the information in the article?

It explains investigators' responsibilities to patients when they wish to use tissue for research.

Which statement best explains the meaning of "interest rate" as it is used in "How to Select a Checking Account"?

It is one of two key factors to consider when consumers select a checking account, and the article explains why interest rates matter and which institutions offer the best rates.

Which evidence from The Education of a Young Chief best supports the idea that an upbringing in nature is superior to all others?

It is thought great to be born in palaces, surrounded with wealth: but to be born in Nature's wide domain is greater still!

What is a key point made in "Declaration of Conscience"?

It is time for the US government to sensibly execute its policies and laws to benefit the nation.

What is the purpose of the diagram in the "Observe Your Site" section of "How to Manage Stormwater: Rain Barrels"?

It provides an exemplar for how to create a site plan to determine if your property is right for a rain barrel.

Which sentence incorrectly uses a double negative?

It won't do you no good to try to talk yourself out of this one since you were caught red handed.

Read this paragraph from "Mindsuckers: Meet Nature's Nightmare." Ladybugs are also well protected against most of their enemies. Their red-and-black dome, so adorable to the human eye, is actually a warning to would-be predators: You will regret this. When a bird or some other animal tries to attack, the ladybug bleeds poison from its leg joints. The attacker tastes the bitter blood and spits the ladybug out. Predators learn to read the red-and-black wing covers as a message to stay away. What is the key idea of the paragraph?

Ladybugs' coloring protects them from predators.

Read this dictionary entry. sojourn (sō-jǝrn) n. a period of time when one stays in a place as a traveler or guest; a temporary stay. v.i. to stay as a temporary resident [Middle English sojorn, from Old French sojourner, meaning "stay or dwell for a time," based on Latin sub-, "under, until," + diurnare, "to last long," from Late Latin diurnum, "day"] Based on the dictionary entry, from which language does the word sojourn originate?

Latin

Which sentence best states a key idea in "Leather and Meat without Killing Animals"?

Maintaining the livestock herds necessary to meet human demand creates a serious threat to the environment.

Which option best states a central idea of "Save the Redwoods"?

One reason to save the redwoods is that the measures established to protect the trees will serve as a model for forest conservation in other parts of the country.

The company has a clearly laid out hierarchy. All major decisions go through the president, who controls the entire operation, but most daily decisions go to the board. Beneath the board members are the regional managers, who oversee the branch managers, who run each local branch.

Order of Importance

Read the paragraph from "Minorities versus Majorities" by Emma Goldman. If I were to give a summary of the tendency of our times, I would say, Quantity. The multitude, the mass spirit, dominates everywhere, destroying quality. Our entire life—production, politics, and education—rests on quantity, on numbers. The worker who once took pride in the thoroughness and quality of his work, has been replaced by brainless, incompetent automatons, who turn out enormous quantities of things, valueless to themselves, and generally injurious to the rest of mankind. Thus quantity, instead of adding to life's comforts and peace, has merely increased man's burden. Based on the paragraph, which option most effectively describes Goldman's perspective?

Our obsession with quantity is destroying our quality of life.

There is an increase in firework-related injuries every year around the Fourth of July. Emergency rooms around the city become filled with children and adults suffering from wounds and burns inflicted by fireworks. But you don't have to suffer from these injuries. Keep yourself safe by staying away from fireworks. If you see someone who is not a professional playing with fireworks, take that as your cue to leave. If everyone stayed away from fireworks, there wouldn't be any fireworks-related injuries. You can't control everyone, but you can control yourself. If you remember that accidents happen, you can keep them from happening to you. Stay away from amateur firework displays this Fourth of July.

Problem / Solution

Read this argument from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier regarding legal rights to exercise control over school-sponsored activities. The standard for determining when a school may punish student expression that happens to occur on school premises is not the standard for determining when a school may refuse to lend its name and resources to the dissemination of student expression. Educators do not offend the First Amendment by exercising editorial control over the style and content of student speech in school-sponsored expressive activities so long as their actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns. What is the premise of the argument stated in the paragraph: that the school has legal rights of control over the newspaper?

School officials were not acting to punish students, they were instead acting on sound educational decisions over which they had justifiable control.

Read this passage from "For the Equal Rights Amendment." The amendment is necessary to clarify countless ambiguities and inconsistencies in our legal system. For instance, the Constitution guarantees due process of law, in the fifth and 14th amendments. But the applicability of due process to sex distinctions is not clear. Women are excluded from some State colleges and universities. In some States, restrictions are placed on a married woman who engages in an independent business. Women may not be chosen for some juries. Women even receive heavier criminal penalties than men who commit the same crime. What rhetorical appeal does Shirley Chisholm use in this paragraph?

She appeals to the audience's sense of pathos to encourage them to feel enough anger to take action due to the many injustices women face.

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." I think that it is high time that we remembered that we have sworn to uphold and defend the Constitution. I think that it is high time that we remembered that the Constitution, as amended, speaks not only of the freedom of speech but also of trial by jury instead of trial by accusation. Whether it be a criminal prosecution in court or a character prosecution in the Senate, there is little practical distinction when the life of a person has been ruined. Which option best describes a theme in the passage?

The Constitution was written to uphold the nation's rights and laws, and to protect the American people.

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." I think that it is high time for the United States Senate and its members to do some soul-searching—for us to weigh our consciences—on the manner in which we are performing our duty to the people of America—on the manner in which we are using or abusing our individual powers and privileges. Which option best states the main claim of the passage?

The US Senate is failing to properly fulfill its responsibilities to the American people.

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." Imagine that after careful study a government official ... reaches a considered judgment that a particular course of action is best for the country. Suddenly, someone bursts into the room with new information: a group of white propertied men who have been dead for two centuries, knew nothing of our present situation, acted illegally under existing law and thought it was fine to own slaves might have disagreed with this course of action. How does this anecdote support the author's argument in the article?

The anecdote helps develop the author's point that we take no action on issues and argue instead about what our forefathers would have done.

In "How to Make the Most of Your Debit Card," how is the meaning of the term debit card refined throughout the text?

The article provides a clear definition of "debit card" and then explains how debit cards differ from credit cards.

In "Sleep Problems and Solutions," how is the meaning of deficiency refined throughout the text?

The author relates the word deficiency to the symptoms, the problems, and the effects of lack of sleep.

Read this passage from "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" As Debora Spar, President of Barnard College and host of the annual Global Women's Leadership Symposium, shared with me, "We need to reframe the question from 'Can women have it all? ' to 'How can we support women in being more successful at whatever choice they decide to make?'" What rhetorical appeal does the author use in this passage?

The author uses ethos to establish her credibility and to gain trust by providing important information from a legitimate source.

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." What has preserved our political stability is not a poetic piece of parchment, but entrenched institutions and habits of thought and, most important, the sense that we are one nation and must work out our differences. No one can predict in detail what our system of government would look like if we freed ourselves from the shackle of constitutional obligation, and I harbor no illusion that any of this would happen soon. How does the author use a metaphor for rhetorical effect in this passage?

The author uses metaphor to suggest that strict adherence to the Constitution has forced us to follow rules and laws that are outdated and have prevented us from interpreting laws as they apply in today's world.

Which response explains how the text structure used in "Peregrine Falcon" effectively develops ideas in the text?

The cause-and-effect structure explains how the plight of the falcons contributed to the ban on DDT.

Read the sentences. When Margo's friend Alma called her in a panic, insisting that Margo drop everything to meet her immediately at the coffee shop, Margo did just that. Five minutes later she ordered a coffee and sat down to anxiously await her friend. Ten minutes passed. Twenty minutes passed, but no sign of Alma. Margo shook her head with a sad smile. I love unreliability, she thought to herself. You can always count on it. What is the meaning of the paradox I love unreliability; you can always count on it?

The contradictory statements actually say something true about human nature: people are not always dependable.

A reviewer described a dancer as supple. What did the reviewer mean?

The dancer was flexible and moved easily.

Which answer best states a central idea from "Principles of Conservation"?

The first principle of conservation is development; people should benefit from using natural resources now.

In which sentence is the word benefactor used correctly?

The flood victims were eternally grateful to their benefactors, who provided them with food, shelter, and clothing.

What function does the "Stress in Girls vs. Boys" graph have in the article "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well"?

The graph explains several specific sources and symptoms of stress and provides data that supports the author's claim that girls are more stressed than boys.

How do the headings and subheadings help to organize the information presented in "Water Conservation and Efficiency"?

The headings separate conservation tips into two categories, and the subheadings describe specific programs and actions.

Read the passage from "The Science of Conquering Your Fears—And Living a More Courageous Life." Stress and fear often come together. Feelings of stress are generally rooted in a fear of an imagined physical or emotional threat (not being able to meet a deadline, or fear of failure, for instance), and stress can contribute to negative feelings like depression and anxiety that in turn can contribute to fear-based thinking. Exercise and meditation both have the power to lower stress levels and reduce feelings of depression and anxiety, which could help you to act more courageously in the face of challenges. How does this information about stress and fear differ from the information given in "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well"?

The passage mentions that physical activity and meditation can help manage stress levels, while "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well" discusses the benefit of downtime on teens' stress levels.

What does the photograph in the "How to Practice Conservation in Your Community" section of "Water Conservation and Efficiency" effectively contribute to the text?

The photograph demonstrates how much water is wasted when a fire hydrant breaks or is left open.

Read this passage from "Calculating the Value of Human Tissue Donation." The human tissue industry is full of contradictions like that. Tissue can save or better someone's life, but sometimes it will go to plump up lips and smooth wrinkles. What inference can be made from this passage?

The practice of using donated tissue for cosmetic purposes is controversial.

How does the overall structure of "Conservation as a National Duty" facilitate the development of ideas in the speech?

The problem-and-solution structure establishes how the problem came to be, describes the potential outcomes, and suggests actions for resolution.

Read the following question posed by the author in "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" What will it take to truly liberate women and create a world where gender equality is the norm, not the exception? How does the author's use of this rhetoric affect the audience?

The question appeals to the audience's sense of pathos by inspiring them to take action on the problem of gender equality.

Read this passage from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. In sum, we cannot reject as unreasonable Principal Reynolds' conclusion that neither the pregnancy article nor the divorce article was suitable for publication in Spectrum. Reynolds could reasonably have concluded that the students who had written and edited these articles had not sufficiently mastered those portions of the Journalism II curriculum that pertained to the treatment of controversial issues and personal attacks, the need to protect the privacy of individuals whose most intimate concerns are to be revealed in the newspaper, and "the legal, moral, and ethical restrictions imposed upon journalists within [a] school community" that includes adolescent subjects and readers. Finally, we conclude that the principal's decision to delete two pages of Spectrum, rather than to delete only the offending articles or to require that they be modified, was reasonable under the circumstances as he understood them. Accordingly, no violation of First Amendment rights occurred. The judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit is therefore Reversed. How is legal reasoning used to justify the ruling in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier?

The ruling determined that the school officials were protecting all individuals involved in the publication; thus, they did not violate the defendants' First Amendment rights.

In which sentence is resonate used correctly?

The speaker's message about climate change failed to resonate with his inattentive audience.

What is the function of the subheadings in "All About Sleep"?

They answer the question "Why Is Sleep Important?" and are followed by text that provides further details.

Which passage from "Mindsuckers: Meet Nature's Nightmare" uses figurative language?

Thirty-two years later, scientists are finally opening the black box of parasite mind control.

Read the passage from "The Bean-Field" by Henry David Thoreau. What was the meaning of this so steady and self-respecting, this small Herculean labor, I knew not. I came to love my rows, my beans, though so many more than I wanted. Why does Thoreau use the phrase "Herculean labor" in this passage?

Thoreau alludes to Hercules to convey the intensity and difficulty of his work in the fields.

Read this passage from Walden by Henry David Thoreau. The greater part of what my neighbors call good I believe in my soul to be bad, and if I repent of anything, it is very likely to be my good behavior. What demon possessed me that I behaved so well? Which option most effectively explains the meaning of the figure of speech used in this passage?

Thoreau regrets conforming to the expectations of others.

Read this paragraph. Humans have been modifying crops for thousands of years through selective breeding. Early farmers developed cross breeding methods to grow numerous corn varieties with a range of colors, sizes, and uses. For example, the garden strawberries that consumers buy today resulted from a cross between a strawberry species native to North America and a strawberry species native to South America. Which answer best states a key idea of the paragraph?

Today's crops are a product of selective breeding over many years.

Read this sentence from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The question whether the First Amendment requires a school to tolerate particular student speech is different from the question whether the First Amendment requires a school affirmatively to promote particular student speech. What is a key point in this sentence?

Various factors can affect the way that First Amendment rights are interpreted.

Which answer best states a key idea in "Water Conservation and Efficiency"?

Water conservation reflects behavioral changes, and water efficiency refers to technological changes.

What is a central idea in "NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars"?

Water flows during warm seasons on present-day Mars.

A central idea of "Principles of Conservation" focuses on the prevention of waste. Which passage from the text best develops and supports the idea?

Whether it is to last for a hundred or a hundred and fifty or a thousand years, the coal is limited in amount, unless through geological changes which we shall not live to see, there will never be any more of it than there is now. But coal is in a sense the vital essence of our civilization. If it can be preserved, if the life of the mines can be extended, if by preventing waste there can be more coal left in this country after we of this generation have made every needed use of this source of power, then we shall have deserved well of our descendants.

___Unit 1 Session__( 1/2 )__________________________________________________________________ Although sheep-herding is an older and more beloved occupation, shepherds never caught the attention of American filmmakers the way cowboys did. As an architect, Thomas Jefferson preferred the Roman style, as seen in the buildings of the University of Virginia, to the English style favored by Charles Bullfinch. Even spiders that do not build webs from silk use it for a variety of purposes, such as constructing egg sacs and nursery tents. Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at the penmanship of George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, or John Kennedy reveals. There is more quartz in the world than any one kind of feldspar, but the feldspars as a group are five times more common than quartz.

_______________________________________________________________________________ There have been more American films about cowboys than about shepherds. The architecture of the University of Virginia was influenced by the Roman style. Silk is used by all spiders. Washington, Roosevelt, and Kennedy all had handwriting that was difficult to read. Quartz is less common than the feldspars.

___Unit 1 Session__( 2/2 )__________________________________________________________________ both legends and myths can be classified as folk tales. myths generally take place in comparatively recent times. the stories of Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill are not true, but they are based on actual people. Legends about Washington and Lincoln are not entirely fictional. John Henry and Casey Jones are today well-known only by small groups of people.

_______________________________________________________________________________ true false false true false

What is the meaning of "overdraft protection" as it is used in "How to Make the Most of Your Debit Card"?

a service that allows you to make a purchase even if you do not have enough money in your account

Which of the following could be considered plagiarism?

a student uses a paragraph of text found in a book

Which source would be most helpful for a student who is revising an essay's word choice so that it is more precise?

a thesaurus

Which is the most accurate definition for retaliation?

an act of getting revenge

What is a premise?

an idea or theory that is accepted as truth and that is used as the basis of an argument

Read the sentence. The former senator fell to the floor in gratitude when he received the news that he was nominated to serve as Secretary of Defense. The phrase fell to the floor is _[blank]_. Which response most effectively completes the sentence?

an instance of hyperbole

What would typically cost more money?

animated motion graphics for a college

Which phrase is an example of an oxymoron?

beautiful disaster

Jane placed a logo and a photo on her page. The logo is most likely a _[blank_1]_ image and the photo is most likely at _[blank_2]_ image.

blank 1 : vector black 2 : raster

Based on the information in "For More Wonder, Rewild the World," how does Monbiot think we can bring natural habitats back to Earth?

by reintroducing a predator species at the top of a food chain, which can restore an entire natural ecosystem

A question that is asked based on the information in Teach Every Child About Food is "Why do we need to teach our children about food?" How does Jamie Oliver effectively answer this question using persuasion?

by relating his experiences of talking to children in school classrooms about healthy foods

Read this passage. In 1922, the D'Arrigo brothers, immigrants from Italy, planted trial fields of broccoli in San Jose, California, shipping crates of their produce to Boston. Some people enjoyed the broccoli, while others didn't find the "new" vegetable very inviting. However, as time passed, people became enamored with it, and in 2002 the United States produced more than 1.7 billion pounds of broccoli! What does enamored mean as used in the passage?

captivated

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (8) Peregrine falcons have never been very abundant. Studies in the 1930s and 1940s estimated that there were about 500 breeding pairs of peregrine falcons in the eastern United States and about 1,000 pairs in the West and Mexico. Then, beginning in the late 1940s, peregrine falcons suffered a devastating and rapid decline. By the mid-1960s, the species had been eliminated from nearly all of the eastern U.S. Although less severe, the decline spread west, where peregrine populations were reduced by 80 to 90 percent by the mid-1970s. At that time, only the populations of Peale's falcons nesting along the north Pacific Coast in Alaska and British Columbia appeared to be stable. What organizational structure is used in this paragraph and how do you know?

chronological, because of the dates listed and words like Then, By, and At that time

Read this sentence from a news report. The complaint filed with the courts alleges that the new city regulations unfairly penalize businesses with older signs. Which word is a synonym for alleges as it is used in this sentence?

claims

Read this paragraph. Although gorillas are the largest of the great apes, chimpanzees have bigger brains. Gorillas feed primarily on plants, but chimpanzees eat fruits, vegetables, insects, and even small mammals. What is the organizational structure of the paragraph?

compare and contrast

Reread Paragraph 1 in "Save the Redwoods." What structure does the author use to organize the ideas in the paragraph?

compare and contrast

What is a critical early step in planning a design job?

deciding what media will be used for the campaign

Read the sentence. A key term in "All About Sleep" is the word _[blank]_ because a purpose of the article is to explain potential outcomes if we do not get enough quality sleep. Which option best completes the sentence?

deficiency

Read this passage. People of the town were saddened by the lamentable destruction of their beloved museum, which was caused by a violent tornado. Happily, the unfortunate incident helped the community grow stronger as people worked together to restore the building. The word unfortunate is a context clue that develops the meaning of lamentable. What type of context clue is unfortunate?

definition

First, read this sentence. The restaurant reviewer noted, "Zuzu's French Place has a solid menu, and the chef doesn't stint on the pricey ingredients." Now, read this dictionary entry. stint(n) 1. an allotted period of work 2. limitation of supply or effort(v) 3. to supply an inadequate amount 4. to restrict an amount of money Which definition of stint is used in the sentence about Zuzu's French Place?

definition 3

Read this passage. The wealthy owner of a local business recently passed away. He donated generously to local children's charities, and he will be remembered for his altruism and public spirit. What does altruism mean in this passage?

devotion to the welfare of others

Read this paragraph from "Conservation as a National Duty." Since then our knowledge and use of the resources of the present territory of the United States have increased a hundred-fold. Indeed, the growth of this Nation by leaps and bounds makes one of the most striking and important chapters in the history of the world. Its growth has been due to the rapid development, and alas that it should be said! to the rapid destruction, of our natural resources. Nature has supplied to us in the United States, and still supplies to us, more kinds of resources in a more lavish degree than has ever been the case at any other time or with any other people. Our position in the world has been attained by the extent and thoroughness of the control we have achieved over nature; but we are more, and not less, dependent upon what she furnishes than at any previous time of history since the days of primitive man. Which words or phrases establish the cause-and-effect structure of the paragraph?

due to; attained by

Read this sentence. Damage from the storm was devastating; hundreds of homes were completely destroyed, and sections of the main highway were washed away. What kind of context clue is indicated by the words hundreds of homes were completely destroyed, and sections of the main highway were washed away?

example

Read the passage from "For More Wonder, Rewild the World." Isn't it an amazing thought that every time you wander into a park or down an avenue or through a leafy street, you can see the shadows of these great beasts? Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems, crucial to an understanding of our own, feels like a portal through which you may pass into an enchanted kingdom. And if we really are looking at areas of land of the sort of sizes I've been talking about becoming available, why not reintroduce some of our lost megafauna, or at least species closely related to those which have become extinct everywhere? Why shouldn't all of us have a Serengeti on our doorsteps? What is the speaker's tone in the passage?

excited

Read this sentence. Once the fundraising campaign is complete, the committee will collaborate for several hours to ensure an equitable distribution of monies to the charities they support. Based on the function of the word equitable in the sentence, what is the most accurate definition of equitable?

fair and even

Read the passage. Consumers are climbing over one another to purchase the highly anticipated tablet computer that just came on the market. Which option identifies the figurative language used in the passage?

hyperbole

Read the sentences. My friend Mario seems to fall in love at the drop of a hat. If a girl smiles at him, talks to him, or even glances his way, he takes it as a sign that they are meant to be together! What is the meaning of the phrase at the drop of a hat?

immediately

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." As the nation teeters at the edge of fiscal chaos, observers are reaching the conclusion that the American system of government is broken. But almost no one blames the culprit: our insistence on obedience to the Constitution, with all its archaic, idiosyncratic and downright evil provisions. What rhetorical device does the author use to convey to the audience why the American system of government is broken?

irony

Read the passage from "Mindsuckers: Meet Nature's Nightmare." The wasp's venom is a veritable punch bowl of different chemicals, and Libersat and his colleagues have yet to determine which ones affect the behavior of the cockroach and how they do. The words veritable punch bowl help readers understand that the wasp's venom _[blank]_. Which option best completes the sentence?

is a potent mixture of many elements whose exact purposes and effects are unknown

Which transition most likely indicates that an author is using the cause-and-effect text structure?

leads to

Amit is expecting to work on his project today, but his client has not provided the necessary copy he needs. What should Amit do?

let his manager know, so he can be assigned other work

Valid evidence is evidence that is _[blank]_. Which option best completes the sentence?

logically correct

Read the sentence. Before students used the new science lab equipment, the school made them attend _[blank]_ training sessions instructing them in how to use the equipment safely. Which word correctly completes the sentence?

mandatory

Bailey wants to create a smooth swirl icon to use on her webpage. What drawing tool should she use to create the swirl?

pen

What does a lucrative activity do?

produces profits

Read the passage from "Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks." Although Skloot's book is moving and compelling, we use caution in using the Lacks example as a model for thinking about compensating patients who provide tissue for research. Although one can point to the many injustices Lacks endured as a poor woman without access to needed medical care, the use of her residual clinical tissue, involving no additional risk or burden to her, does not demand any form of compensation. Furthermore, compensating such patients may have unintended consequences that could work to decrease the availability of tissue for research, and may paradoxically become a source of injustice. What is the organizational structure of the passage?

proposition and support

Read this sentence. Among the celestial events that will occur this year are a partial solar eclipse and a major meteor shower. What does celestial mean in this sentence?

relating to the skies

Which answer best describes the rhetorical device parallel structure?

repeating the same or similar grammatical structures in successive sentences, clauses, or phrases

If you deplete your supply of chocolate bars, what have you done?

run out of them

Gretchen is editing a photo she took on her camera. She wants to change the color of the hat she is wearing the photo. Gretchen needs to _[blank]_ the hat first to change the color.

select

Read the paragraph from "Peregrine Falcon." (14) To release captive-bred peregrines, young birds are placed in specially equipped boxes on top of a manmade tower or cliff ledge. At first, the birds are fed through a chute so they cannot see their human benefactors. When they are old enough, the box is opened and the young peregrines begin testing their wings. Their food is gradually reduced as the young falcons learn to hunt on their own. This process is known as "hacking." What is the organizational structure used in this paragraph?

sequence

If a website's creators debunk a news report, what are they doing?

showing the report is false

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." Today our country is being psychologically divided by the confusion and the suspicions that are bred in the United States Senate to spread like cancerous tentacles of "know nothing, suspect everything" attitudes. What rhetorical feature is featured in this passage?

simile

Read the sentence. One purpose of "Sleep Problems and Solutions" is to inform individuals about _[blank]_. What best completes the sentence?

the specific methods that may help to improve a person's sleep habits

Read this sentence from "Your Average, Everyday Zombie." Gruesome as they might be, you gotta give the flies points for style. Why does the author use the phrase you gotta give the flies points for style in this sentence?

to be relatable to readers and to convey the idea that while the flies' abilities are horrific, they are also admirable

How does the author effectively use bullet points in the "Indoor Tips" section of "Water Conservation and Efficiency"?

to clearly list household activities and the gallons of water consumed by each

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." Why should anyone care? Why should a lame-duck House, 27 members of which were defeated for re-election, have a stranglehold on our economy? Why does a grotesquely malapportioned Senate get to decide the nation's fate? What is the intended effect of these rhetorical questions on the audience?

to compel the audience to think about how unfair it is that a very small, underqualified group has the power to make national decisions

Read this passage from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. Although the Statement of Policy published in the September 14, 1982, issue of Spectrum declared that "Spectrum, as a student-press publication, accepts all rights implied by the First Amendment," this statement, understood in the context of the paper's role in the school's curriculum, suggests at most that the administration will not interfere with the students' exercise of those First Amendment rights that attend the publication of a school-sponsored newspaper. It does not reflect an intent to expand those rights by converting a curricular newspaper into a public forum. Finally, that students were permitted to exercise some authority over the contents of Spectrum was fully consistent with the Curriculum Guide objective of teaching the Journalism II students "leadership responsibilities as issue and page editors." What is the purpose of the passage?

to convey that the administration stated its expectation of maintaining some control over student publications

Read the sentences. As Hannah stood at the podium, waiting to address the roomful of engineers and physicists, she felt like a fish out of water. What could a recent graduate say that could inspire such an illustrious audience? Why does the author use the idiom "a fish out of water"?

to convey the idea that Hannah believes she is in an awkward situation since she does not feel qualified to present to this audience

What is a purpose of a caption?

to draw attention to an image and explain its relevance to the text

Read this question from "A Defense of the Constitution." Are there no robberies, burglaries, murders, adulteries, thefts, nor cheats? This is John Adams's response to the assertion that "the people never think of usurping over other men's rights." Why does Adams ask this rhetorical question?

to emphasize that humans have demonstrated they will violate the rights of others in many ways, so the principles of the Constitution are necessary to maintain order

Read the paragraph from "How to Make the Most of Your Debit Card." Banks, however, have realized that they can make more money from your debit transactions by automatically giving your account overdraft protection. Once they do, if you put $100 on a debit card but only have a $50 bank balance, they might let you make the purchase. But the bank will also hit you with an overdraft fee, plus charge you interest on the $50 of credit they effectively extended to you. Which option most effectively states the purpose of the paragraph?

to explain a disadvantage of overdraft protection

What is the purpose of the "Healthy Brain Function and Emotional Well-Being" section of "All About Sleep"?

to explain specific benefits of sleep and to describe specific ways that sleep deficiency negatively affects behavior

Read the paragraph from the "Why Is Sleep Important?" section of "All About Sleep." The way you feel while you're awake depends in part on what happens while you're sleeping. During sleep, your body is working to support healthy brain function and maintain your physical health. In children and teens, sleep also helps support growth and development. Why does the author include this paragraph in the article?

to give reasons why sleep is important to everyone, including teens and children

Read the paragraph from "Teens Feeling Stressed, and Many Not Managing It Well." Stressors range from school to friends, work and family. And teens aren't always using healthy methods to cope, finds the latest Stress in America survey from the Washington, D.C.-based American Psychological Association. Why does the author include this paragraph in her article?

to identify the source of the evidence from which she develops the key ideas in the article

What is a function of a diagram that is set apart from other text features?

to show the relationship between the parts of something

Where would you most likely first encounter an author's thesis statement in an informational text?

toward the end of the introductory paragraph

Study the image. https://assets.learnosity.com/organisations/625/asset/media/1091465 What is a good description for this advertisement?

vector of mints and package

In most software programs, which color arrow selects the points in a vector?

white

Read this passage. The sculptor laboriously carved out the features of the statue of the war hero to make it as lifelike as possible. It took more than a month for him just to complete the soldier's profile. Based on the function of the word laboriously in the passage, what is the most accurate definition of laboriously?

with great effort