English 9 Argumentative/Expository Quiz

Pathos

(Emotions) A communication technique that makes an appeal to the audience's emotions; used most often in rhetoric and in literature, film, and other narrative arts

Ethos

(Ethics) A Greek word meaning "character," used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology

Logos

(Logic) A technique that relies on reasoned logic

The conclusion should:

- A brief overview of what was argued and what evidence was presented - The claim from the first paragraph should be restated, but reworded. - Reflect the significance or importance of what was argued. - Provide the reader with something to walk away with.

Counterclaim

- A claim made to rebut (go against) your claim

Backing (Supporting Sentences)

- Additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant

What is the structure of the counterclaim paragraph?

- Counterclaim - Warrant - Evidence - Backing - Concession

What is the structure for the introduction and claim?

- Hook (1-2 sentences) - Bridge (3-4 sentences) - Overall Claim (1 sentence)

What is true about the refutation/rebuttal?

- Make sure that you complete the rebuttal by refuting the actual counterclaim that you are using in this paragraph. - Do not argue against a different counterclaim, as there are usually several. - Stick to the one counterclaim throughout the entire paragraph. - If you want to address more than one counterclaim, then you will need to do so in separate paragraphs

Evidence

- The facts used to prove the argument - Quotes and paraphrases

Warrants (Main Points/Reasons)

- The logical connection between the evidence and the claim - The bridge between the data and the claim

Rebuttal

-Redirecting the reader and reaffirming your original claim

The sentences below are the first 4 sentences of an expository essay. Please place them in order. 1. Generally speaking, Poe demonstrates stirring irony that draws attention to details in the narrative. 2. The author adds, "'Come,' I said, with decision, 'we will go back; your health is precious'" (Poe, 61). 3. The verbal irony of the situation causes the reader to pay close attention to the details in the story, since the reader has been told that Montresor wants Fortunato dead, yet he is "caring" for his health. 4. Following this further, he presents the reader with verbal irony that makes the reader pay close attention to details in the passage.

1. Generally speaking, Poe demonstrates stirring irony that draws attention to details in the narrative. 4. Following this further, he presents the reader with verbal irony that makes the reader pay close attention to details in the passage. 2. The author adds, "'Come,' I said, with decision, 'we will go back; your health is precious'" (Poe, 61). 3. The verbal irony of the situation causes the reader to pay close attention to the details in the story, since the reader has been told that Montresor wants Fortunato dead, yet he is "caring" for his health.

What are the two purposes of the counterclaim paragraph?

1. To acknowledge the opinions of people who do not agree with you. 2. To clarify why their reasons contain fallacies.

Identify the correct order for a counterclaim paragraph. 1. Backing 2. Warrant 3. Counterargument sentence 4. Concession 5. Rebuttal 6. Evidence

3. Counterargument sentence 2. Warrant 6. Evidence 1. Backing 4. Concession 5. Rebuttal

Put this counterclaim paragraph in order. 1. Additionally, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aims to abolish wage gaps based on their race, refusing to hire an employee based on their race, and finally, failing to provide benefits for an employee on account of their race ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," 2014). 2. However, in 2011 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received an alarming rate of 99,947 charges of workplace discrimination with race discrimination topping the list with 45,395 charges ("Racial Discrimination In The Workplace Statistics," 2016). 3. On the other hand, it can be argued that workplace protection can cause people to overall think that everyone is equal. 4. For this reason, opponents argue that workplace protection can eliminate all forms of racism in any employment. 5. Overall, although employment protection may decrease the number of racist remarks that occur, the abolishment of racism in the workplace is still an ideal to reach. 6. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate any wage gaps based on sex.

3. On the other hand, it can be argued that workplace protection can cause people to overall think that everyone is equal. 6. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate any wage gaps based on sex. 1. Additionally, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aims to abolish wage gaps based on their race, refusing to hire an employee based on their race, and finally, failing to provide benefits for an employee on account of their race ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," 2014). 4. For this reason, opponents argue that workplace protection can eliminate all forms of racism in any employment. 2. However, in 2011 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received an alarming rate of 99,947 charges of workplace discrimination with race discrimination topping the list with 45,395 charges ("Racial Discrimination In The Workplace Statistics," 2016). 5. Overall, although employment protection may decrease the number of racist remarks that occur, the abolishment of racism in the workplace is still an ideal to reach.

What is a fallacy?

A fallacy is a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument. EX: Hasty generalization- Most Chinese people are short

What is a concession sentence?

Concede (acknowledge) the other side's validity in a respectful way.

The three types of rhetoric are:

Logos, Pathos, and Ethos

Claim

The statement being argued, which is also the equivalent of a thesis

What is the refutation/rebuttal?

This is where you refute or challenge the opposition's viewpoint and remind readers of your stance.

What is the structure of the claim body paragraphs?

Topic Sentence - Warrants (Main Points/Reasons) - Evidence (Data) - Backing (Supporting Sentences) - 2X-3X - Concluding/Transitional Sentence

True or False? Does this topic sentence have the necessary components to be considered a useable topic sentence? - People can avoid obesity by taking certain precautions.

True

True or False? Is the following a good example of a main point sentence? - A seemingly obvious way to evade obesity is by incorporating physical activity in one's weekly routine.

True

True or False? The definition of a rebuttal is redirecting the reader and reaffirming your original claim.

True

True or False? The main points are the examples that reveal your controlling idea.

True

True or False? Though this counterargument deviates from the standard format, is it effective? (True= Yes/False= No) - Abortion advocates may argue that abortion is lawful because fetuses have been granted due process. In doing so, they may cite Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade as providing due process necessary to end the life of a fetus. However, the 1973 Court decision rendered a faulty determination based on ignorance and agnosticism concerning the inception of human life. The Court stated, When those trained in the respective disciplines of medicine, philosophy, and theology are unable to arrive at any consensus, the judiciary, at this point in the development of man's knowledge, is not in a position to speculate as to the answer. (Roe v. Wade, 1973) This argument made sense in 1973 when there was dispute about when life began; however, medical advances have since rendered this argument void. As has been demonstrated, scientists and experts on both sides of the abortion debate agree that human lives actually begin at conception. To add one further example, Bernard Nathanson, founder of the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, stated, There is simply no doubt that even the early embryo is a human being. All its genetic coding and all its features are indisputably human. As to being, there is no doubt that it exists, is alive, is self-directed, and is not the the same being as the mother-and is therefore a unified whole. (Medical Testimony, 2015) Hence, the argument that the lives of fetuses have been granted substantial or adequate benefits of due process under the law is false.

True

Which sentence restates the claim? - (1)Scout Finch is able to more easily comprehend events in Maycomb due to her views on the world, despite them being typically incorrect and rather naive, because they allow her to make connections and more readily accept the views of others. (2)She is able to create analogies and link largely unrelated things to make it easier for her to understand. (3)Her openness to other perspectives gives her the ability to understand people and events better as well. (4)And even though her views may have initially proven an obstacle to her understanding, Scout shows that her perspective proves to be helpful to her later in the book as she matures. (5)And for these reasons, Scout will continue to develop, and even though her views on reality may become more realistic, her ability to make connections and accept different ways of thinking will develop alongside her maturity, making understanding events and people even easier for her in the future. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

Which sentences are backing? - (1)The destruction of innocence is a major theme which illustrates growth and development within the characters of To Kill A Mockingbird. (2) Lee thoroughly establishes a strong moral foundation by demonstrating values and ethics through different characters. (3)Atticus, Jem and Scout's father, is a major character who helps the children grow and develop into more mature individuals. (4)For example, Atticus teaches Scout, Dill, and Jem that "you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view"(Lee 30). (5)Through his dialogue, Atticus helps the children realize the importance of understanding someone before judging them. (6)This turns out to be a major moral the children adapt to and live by...(7)The children thus grow and develop through their loss of innocence by adapting to different moral and ethical values demonstrated by the other characters. a. 5, 6 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 3 d. 6, 7

a. 5, 6

Select a transitional word or phrase(s) that continues a common line of reasoning. a. Additionally b. Admittedly c. However d. Furthermore

a. Additionally d. Furthermore

The following transitional words are used to signify _____________. - therefore - this - hence - in final analysis - in conclusion - in final consideration - indeed a. Conclusion. b. Continuing a line of reasoning. c. Sequence or time. d. Change the line of reasoning.

a. Conclusion

What are the different types of proof/evidence you can include in your essay? a. Direct Quotes b. Summarizing c. Paraphrasing d. None of the above.

a. Direct Quotes c. Paraphrasing

Which of these statements are true for rebuttal statements: a. Do not argue against a different counterclaim, as there are usually several. b. If you want to address more than one counterclaim, then you will need to do so in separate paragraphs c. Stick to the one counterclaim throughout the entire paragraph. d. Make sure that you complete the rebuttal by refuting the actual counterclaim that you are using in this paragraph.

a. Do not argue against a different counterclaim, as there are usually several. b. If you want to address more than one counterclaim, then you will need to do so in separate paragraphs c. Stick to the one counterclaim throughout the entire paragraph. d. Make sure that you complete the rebuttal by refuting the actual counterclaim that you are using in this paragraph.

What type of rhetoric is described in sentence 2? - (1)The destruction of innocence is a major theme which illustrates growth and development within the characters of To Kill A Mockingbird. (2) Lee thoroughly establishes a strong moral foundation by demonstrating values and ethics through different characters. (3)Atticus, Jem and Scout's father, is a major character who helps the children grow and develop into more mature individuals. (4)For example, Atticus teaches Scout, Dill, and Jem that "you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view"(Lee 30). (5)Through his dialogue, Atticus helps the children realize the importance of understanding someone before judging them. (6)This turns out to be a major moral the children adapt to and live by...(7)The children thus grow and develop through their loss of innocence by adapting to different moral and ethical values demonstrated by the other characters. a. Ethos b. Pathos c. Logos d. All of the above

a. Ethos

To restate a point within a paragraph in another way or in a more exacting way, you could use: a. In other words, b. Point in fact, c. Specifically, d. None of the provided choices are correct.

a. In other words, b. Point in fact, c. Specifically

You use this when introducing a quotation. It is a verb that best reflects the author's attitude toward the material you have chosen to quote. a. Lead-in b. Hook c. Bridge d. Transitional word or phrase

a. Lead-in

What do the evidence/proof sentences do for your essay? a. Proof lets your reader know that you have sufficiently researched the claims/main points that you are making. b. You can show the reader that your main points/claims are reliable and factual c. You can use another author's writing to extend the length of your own essay. d. None of the above.

a. Proof lets your reader know that you have sufficiently researched the claims/main points that you are making. b. You can show the reader that your main points/claims are reliable and factual.

What is a claim? a. The statement being argued, which is also the equivalent of a thesis. b. A technique that relies on a reasoned argument. c. The facts used to prove an argument. d. Quotes and paraphrases.

a. The statement being argued, which is also the equivalent of a thesis.

The counterclaim paragraph serves two purposes: a. To acknowledge the opinions of people who do not agree with you. b. To clarify why their reasons contain fallacies. c. To use ethos to tell the opposition why they could never be right. d. To to put down people who don't agree with you.

a. To acknowledge the opinions of people who do not agree with you. b. To clarify why their reasons contain fallacies.

What is the goal of your supporting sentences? a. To help make sense of your main idea and the proof that you have provided. b. To make your paragraphs look longer. c. To restate the quote. d. None of the above.

a. To help make sense of your main idea and the proof that you have provided

Which transitional word(s) or phrase(s) are used as transitional chains to separate sections of a paragraph, which is arranged chronologically? a. to be sure... additionally... lastly. b. basically... similarly... as well c. Furthermore, lastly, to begin d. First... second... third...

a. to be sure... additionally... lastly b. basically... similarly... as well d. First... second... third...

What sentences number is the hook? - (1)Children typically see the world from a different perspective than adults. (2)Because of that, they may understand things in a different way. (3)Sometimes, it can be beneficial to their views of the world. (4)Other times, it can lead to them misunderstanding some things entirely. (5)Despite the latter point, Scout Finch is able to better understand events in To Kill a Mockingbird as a result of her innocent and largely inaccurate view of the world. a. 3 b. 1 c. 5 d. 2

b. 1

What sentences numbers are the bridge? - (1)Children typically see the world from a different perspective than adults. (2)Because of that, they may understand things in a different way. (3)Sometimes, it can be beneficial to their views of the world. (4)Other times, it can lead to them misunderstanding some things entirely. (5)Despite the latter point, Scout Finch is able to better understand events in To Kill a Mockingbird as a result of her innocent and largely inaccurate view of the world. a. 1, 3, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 3, 4, 5 d. 1, 2, 3

b. 2, 3, 4

What is a counterclaim? a. A technique that relies on reasoned argument. b. A claim made to go against your claim. c. Using emotion to appeal to the audience. d. Redirecting the reader and reaffirming your original claim.

b. A claim made to go against your claim.

Which transitional word(s) or phrase(s) are used to open a paragraph initially or for general use? a. Granted b. Certainly c. Furthermore d. No doubt

b. Certainly d. No doubt a. Granted

The last sentence of a body paragraph is the____________. a. Transition b. Concluding Sentence c. Concession Sentence d. Thesis

b. Concluding sentence

What is the claim of this essay? - (1)Children typically see the world from a different perspective than adults. (2)Because of that, they may understand things in a different way. (3)Sometimes, it can be beneficial to their views of the world. (4)Other times, it can lead to them misunderstanding some things entirely. (5)Despite the latter point, Scout Finch is able to better understand events in To Kill a Mockingbird as a result of her innocent and largely inaccurate view of the world. a. Other times, it can lead to them misunderstanding some things entirely. b. Despite the latter point, Scout Finch is able to better understand events in To Kill a Mockingbird as a result of her innocent and largely inaccurate view of the world. c. Children typically see the world from a different perspective than adults. d. Sometimes, it can be beneficial to their views of the world.

b. Despite the later point, Scout Finch is able to better understand events in To Kill a Mockingbird as a result of her innocent and largely inaccurate view of the world.

What do supporting sentences do? a. Restate your main idea b. Expand upon your idea c. Provide more detailed information d. Help develop meaning for your paragraph e. Explain the significance of your proof f. Reword your proof

b. Expand upon your idea c. Help develop meaning for your paragraph d. Explain the significance of your proof e. Provide more detailed information

Which transitional word(s) or phrase(s) are used for final points in an essay? a. Finally b. Lastly c. What's more d. To begin

b. Lastly a. Finally

What is the definition of a warrant? a. None of the listed answers are correct. b. The logical connection between the evidence and the claim. c. The bridge between the data and the claim. d. Additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant.

b. The logical connection between the evidence and the claim. c. The bridge between the data and the claim.

What happens if a topic sentence is too restrictive? a) The paragraph will be too short. b) The topic sentence will reveal specific information in the paragraph. c) The paragraph will not contain enough examples to distinctly support the topic sentence. d) The paragraph will be one-sided.

c) The paragraph will not contain enough examples to distinctly support the topic sentence.

What happens if a topic sentence is too broad? a) The paragraph will be too short. b) The paragraph will not contain enough examples to distinctly support the topic sentence. c) The topic sentence will reveal specific information in the paragraph. d) The paragraph will be too long

c) The topic sentence will reveal specific information in the paragraph.

Where does the writer reflect on the significance of his argument? - (1)Scout Finch is able to more easily comprehend events in Maycomb due to her views on the world, despite them being typically incorrect and rather naive, because they allow her to make connections and more readily accept the views of others. (2)She is able to create analogies and link largely unrelated things to make it easier for her to understand. (3)Her openness to other perspectives gives her the ability to understand people and events better as well. (4)And even though her views may have initially proven an obstacle to her understanding, Scout shows that her perspective proves to be helpful to her later in the book as she matures. (5)And for these reasons, Scout will continue to develop, and even though her views on reality may become more realistic, her ability to make connections and accept different ways of thinking will develop alongside her maturity, making understanding events and people even easier for her in the future. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

c. 5

Which sentence exposes a fallacy? - (1)Conversely, some may argue that many of the characters do not grow nor develop even through the loss of innocence. (2)Miss Stephanie Crawford, a grown woman and self-established "neighborhood scold" (Lee 69), demonstrates long-standing puerility and immaturity even after losing her innocence. (3)As described by Scout, "Maycomb had lost no time in getting Mr. Ewell's views on Tom's demise and passing them along through that English Channel of gossip, Miss Stephanie Crawford"(Lee 128). (4)This description of Miss Stephanie Crawford is quite significant, as Miss Stephanie Crawford is seen as no more than just Maycomb's busybody. (5)Admittedly, some of the older characters do remain childish and immature even after losing their innocence, however, the reality is that many of the characters do grow and develop through the loss of innocence...(6)Essentially, though some characters do remain immature even as grown adults, many other characters grow and develop into mature individuals through the destruction of innocence. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

c. 5

What is the claim of this essay? - One of the most controversial social issues in the world today that has continued to affect millions of people is racism. This concept can be defined as the discrimination of others based on their racial background; the belief that one race is superior to the other (Patten, 2016). Racism can also be based on different ethnic backgrounds, cultural values, and physical appearances. Throughout the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, the theme of racism is evident through the trial of Tom Robinson. Harper Lee's themes of prejudice towards African Americans are still present today due to unfair trial convictions towards adults and minorities, and racial wage gaps, despite the fact that there is workplace protection against racism. a. Racism can also be based on different ethnic backgrounds, cultural values, and physical appearances. b. One of the most controversial social issues in the world today that has continued to affect millions of people is racism. c. Harper Lee's themes of prejudice towards African Americans are still present today due to unfair trial convictions towards adults and minorities, and racial wage gaps, despite the fact that there is workplace protection against racism. d. Throughout the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, the theme of racism is evident through the trial of Tom Robinson

c. Harper Lee's themes of prejudice towards African Americans are still present today due to unfair trial convictions towards adults and minorities, and racial wage gaps, despite the fact that there is workplace protection against racism.

Please select all of the options that are reflected in this conclusion: - OPTIONS - Provides additional information, Provides audience with something to walk away with, A brief overview of what was argued and what evidence was presented, The thesis from the first paragraph is restated, but reworded. ESSAY - In final consideration, Edgar Allan Poe's story, "The Cask of Amontillado", incorporates elaborate descriptions of imagery that help immerse the reader in the narrative, diction that contributes to other factors of the story, and gripping irony that makes little details stand out, that all take part in making his writing style enthralling. The author's writing style is reflected in these three elements and make the reader more interested in the story. Poe includes visual, auditory, and tactile imagery to captivate the reader's attention. Through a variety of diction, the author communicates more about the personages and places to the reader. He also incorporates the three types of irony to draw attention to details in the story. The three main uses of literary elements of the story, add to the reader's experience and take on the narrative. After reading the story- "The Cask of Amontillado", the reader will certainly want to read more stories by Edgar Allan Poe, because of his unique writing style. a. The thesis from the first paragraph is restated, but reworded. b. Provides additional information. c. Provides audience with something to walk away with. d. A brief overview of what was argued and what evidence was presented.

c. Provides audience with something to walk away with. d. A brief overview of what was argued and what evidence was presented. a. The thesis from the first paragraph is restated, but reworded.

What are warrants? a. Quotes and paraphrases b. The statement being argued, which is also the equivalent of a thesis. c. The logical connection between the evidence and the claim. d. A technique that relies on a reasoned argument

c. The logical connection between the evidence and the claim.

What are the main points of a paragraph? a. The main points are the first sentences in body paragraphs. b. The main points are the sentences where you can expand on what you are trying to say about the topic. c. The main points are the three main things that you are attempting to say about your topic. d. None of the answers above.

c. The main points are the three main things that you are attempting to say about your topic.

What is the formula for a topic sentence? a. Topic + Opinion b. Opinion + Topic c. Topic + Controlling Idea d. Controlling Idea + Topic

c. Topic + Controlling Idea

A sentence that expresses the main idea of an paragraph. a) Main Point Sentence b) Supporting Sentence c) Thesis Statement d) Topic Sentence

d) Topic Sentence

Identify the counterargument - 1. On the other hand, it can be argued that workplace protection can cause people to overall think that everyone is equal. 2. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate any wage gaps based on sex. 3. Additionally, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aims to abolish wage gaps based on their race, refusing to hire an employee based on their race, and finally, failing to provide benefits for an employee on account of their race ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," 2014). 4. For this reason, opponents argue that workplace protection can eliminate all forms of racism in any employment. 5. However, in 2011 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received an alarming rate of 99,947 charges of workplace discrimination with race discrimination topping the list with 45,395 charges ("Racial Discrimination In The Workplace Statistics," 2016). 6. Overall, although employment protection may decrease the number of racist remarks that occur, the abolishment of racism in the workplace is still an ideal to reach. a. 1, 2 b. 2, 3 c. 2 d. 1

d. 1

Which of these sentences is a concession sentence? - 1. On the other hand, it can be argued that workplace protection can cause people to overall think that everyone is equal. 2. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate any wage gaps based on sex. 3. Additionally, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aims to abolish wage gaps based on their race, refusing to hire an employee based on their race, and finally, failing to provide benefits for an employee on account of their race ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," 2014). 4. For this reason, opponents argue that workplace protection can eliminate all forms of racism in any employment. 5. However, in 2011 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received an alarming rate of 99,947 charges of workplace discrimination with race discrimination topping the list with 45,395 charges ("Racial Discrimination In The Workplace Statistics," 2016). 6. Overall, although employment protection may decrease the number of racist remarks that occur, the abolishment of racism in the workplace is still an ideal to reach. a. 3 b. 1, 2 c. 4, 5 d. 4

d. 4

Where is the rebuttal? - 1. On the other hand, it can be argued that workplace protection can cause people to overall think that everyone is equal. 2. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to eliminate any wage gaps based on sex. 3. Additionally, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aims to abolish wage gaps based on their race, refusing to hire an employee based on their race, and finally, failing to provide benefits for an employee on account of their race ("Racial Discrimination in the Workplace," 2014). 4. For this reason, opponents argue that workplace protection can eliminate all forms of racism in any employment. 5. However, in 2011 the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission received an alarming rate of 99,947 charges of workplace discrimination with race discrimination topping the list with 45,395 charges ("Racial Discrimination In The Workplace Statistics," 2016). 6. Overall, although employment protection may decrease the number of racist remarks that occur, the abolishment of racism in the workplace is still an ideal to reach. a. 1, 2, 3 b. 4, 5 c. 4, 5, 6 d. 5, 6

d. 5, 6

What is the definition of a fallacy? a. A fallacy is a mistaken belief, especially one based on a fictitious argument. b. None of the above. c. A fallacy is a factual belief, especially one based on sound argument. d. A fallacy is a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.

d. A fallacy is a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.

To acknowledge the other side's validity in a respectful way is an example of a _____________________. a. Rebuttal Statement b. None of the answers listed are correct. c. Backing Sentence d. Concession Sentence

d. Concession Sentence

A hasty generalization is an example of a __________________. a. Thesis b. Counterclaim c. Warrant d. Fallacy

d. Fallacy

What is the purpose of a conclusion sentence? a. It tells the reader what the next paragraph is going to be about. b. It is a call to action. c. It repeats the thesis. d. It reiterates and expands the main idea of the paragraph.

d. It reiterates and expands the main idea of the paragraph.

Which transitional word(s) or phrase(s) are used to change the line of reasoning (contrast)? a. Moreover b. On the contrary c. No doubt d. Nevertheless

d. Nevertheless b. On the contrary

This is where you refute or challenge the opposition's viewpoint and remind readers of your stance. a. Counterclaim Argument b. Thesis Statement c. Concession Sentence d. Rebuttal

d. Rebuttal

What is a rebuttal? a. The statement being argued, which is also the equivalent of a thesis. b. Using emotion to appeal to the audience. c. A technique that relies on reasoned argument. d. Redirecting the reader and reaffirming your original claim.

d. Redirecting the reader and reaffirming your original claim.

Which of the following are examples of lead-ins? a. concludes b. additionally c. aspires d. believes e. furthermore f. argues

d. believes f. argues c. aspires a. concludes

Why do we need transitional words and phrases? a. Introduces quotes. b. Pulls paragraphs together. c. Can help continue an idea. d. Bridges ideas together smoothly. e. Grabs the audience's attention. f. Improves flow. g. Provides coherence. h. Pulls sentences together.

h. Pulls sentences together. f. Improves flow. d. Bridges ideas together smoothly. c. Can help continue an idea. b. Pulls paragraphs together. g. Provides coherence.