English Exam #1 (Apex)

Besides ethos, pathos, and logos what is a great way to make your argument stronger:

to anticipate the other side

-What is Helen Keller's conflict?

"Helen has lived in what has seemed like a dark fog all her life; it's all she's known. She wants the fog to be lifted, but like any major life change, it's going to be hard and scary. The conflict is the challenge and frustration Helen will face in learning to cope with life's challenges."

What are the 6 reading strategies?

-Asking questions -Predicting -summarizing -Drawing inferences: -Monitoring and applying fix-up strategies: --Activating prior knowledge:

What must you have for a rhetoric?

-FOR Rhetoric you must have: -A message (a point to argue), -A speaker (someone trying to make the argument), -An audience (anyone around to hear or read the argument)

What are some elements to look for to help readers identify the main idea and important information?

-Titles, subheadings, or chapter titles -Lists of words or phrases -Words in boldface, color, or italics -Images, symbols, or graphics -The title, boldfaced words, bulleted list, and image on this page all point to the main focus — text features and visual cues

What are some details about speaking?

-You can be more casual and spontaneous. -You can respond to the questions and reactions of your audience as you go. -Unless you're being recorded, your words vanish as soon as you speak them. -It's much easier to communicate emotions and emphasis.

What are some details about writing?

-You can plan ahead and organize. -You can present your ideas in a clear manner for your audience. -Your words exist in a lasting format-You should be more formal, using full sentences and correct grammar.

What is unique about fictional (stories, novels, and poems) text elements? (two things)

-don't include obvious text features -but they have book and chapter titles that can give clues to the theme or genre

What are the advantages of speaking?

-interactive -convenient -immediate

What are the advantages of writings?

-permanent -organized -long, complex sentences

Information text contain what two elements?

-text features -visual cures

What are the two primary types of narrators?

-there are two primary types of narrators: first and third person

What do you ask yourself to make sure it is a narrative?

ASK yourself "Does it tell a story?"

colons are used for:

Colons indicate that a list, explanation, or quotation follows.

keeps you interested in what you are reading... it helps you get information you need

Elaboration on asking questions:

so sometimes called "reading between the lines" or "connecting the dots." An inference is a conclusion you make based on what you read and what you already know

Elaboration on drawing inferences

a prediction is your best guess about what is going to happen. Predictions happen before and during the reading. They often have to be revised or changed.

Elaboration on predictions

Some more information on expository writing:

Expository writing is fact-based, but we all have our own ideas and opinions -Expository writing details: Keep in mind that the general purpose of expository writing is to inform readers, not to persuade them or tell a story.

What is the rising action of Helen's story?

Helen breaking the doll

-What is the climax? (Helen Keller)

Helen has a breakthrough in her understanding of language when she feels the water on her hands.

What are some examples of a narrative?

Movies (even a fact-based documentary tells a story), Novels, Short stories, Plays and musicals, Memoirs and biographies (stories written about people's lives), Speech and conversation ("You won't believe what happened today!")

What is the difference between a narrative and a plot?

Narrative don't necessarily have a clear beginning, middle, and end in a narrative, since narratives can be ongoing. Plot- must have a beginning, middle, and end and there could be more than one plot in a narrative

What is the difference between a speech and a prose?

PROSE: is carefully organize, expresses ideas clearly, and usually uses full sentences SPEECH: shows emotion easily, has fewer rules, is daily permanent, lets you respond, and vanished into air

What is the difference between persuasion and fighting?

Persuasion is the act of convincing others that one's own position is correct. -Fighting involves defeating an opponent, a technique used to great effect by conquerors and action heroes but somewhat less useful for the rest of us.

What are some other details on climax?

This is often where the main character has an "Aha!" moment, taking a decisive action about something, making up his or her mind about how to move forward, or coming to an understanding about how the conflict can be resolved.

semicolons are used for:

Semicolons can connect two complete sentences or separate long items in a list.

What is the order of the narrative?

The order of the narrative: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, conclusion

What are the goals of the first person?

Wanting to limit the perspective to one character, Wanting to create a personal experience for the audience

What are the goals of the third person?

Wanting to tell the story from many perspectives, Wanting to create a neutral viewpoint, Wanting to have more than one main character

: Tools to help readers understand and make meaning from what they read.

What are active reading skills?

An appeal to logic and reason in a speech or written work, such as facts, statistics, and common sense.

What are logos?

Elements of text that stand out from other parts of the page. Text features can include boldface, text boxes, and titles.

What are text features?

Elements of the page that stand out and grab your attention.

What are visual cues?

In an essay, a paragraph in which main ideas are presented in detail and supported. (important the body paragraphs only addresses a specific piece of that topic

What is a body paragraph?

An argument or point that has not yet been proved.

What is a claim?

The final paragraph in an essay in which the writer sums up the overall point and leaves the reader with a lasting impression.

What is a conclusion paragraph?

A struggle or problem that causes the events in a story to progress. (keeps the audience interested)

What is a conflict?

A claim that is in opposition to another claim.

What is a counterclaim?

Any kind of communication that resembles a story, such as a novel, movie, a person's life, or a spoken account of some memory.

What is a narrative?

A specific part of a text, usually made of multiple sentences, that focuses on a single topic.

What is a paragraph?

covers everything that happens from beginning to end in one story line, and it has a clear beginning, middle, and end.

What is a plot?

The perspective from which the narrator is telling the story.

What is a point of view?

The increase of tensions within a story; rising action drives the plot toward the climax.

What is a rising action?

Background information in a plot that fills in the reader about characters, time, place, prior events in a story, and so on

What is an exposition?

A paragraph, usually the first in an essay, whose purpose is to grab the reader's attention, introduce the main topic, and anticipate the major ideas covered in later paragraphs.

What is an introductory paragraph?

The character and credibility of the writer in the eyes of the reader.

What is ethos?

Writing intended to communicate information. explain fact-based information to its readers)

What is expository writing?

Writing that uses a respectful tone and is free of errors, conversational language, and slang.

What is formal writing?

Writing that takes a more conversational tone and may include slang, abbreviations, and other qualities that make it unsuitable for most school assignments.

What is informal writing?

Nonfiction texts that explain something to readers.

What is informational text?

The quality of a speech or written work that appeals to the emotions of the audience.

What is pathos?

The art of using language persuasively.

What is rhetoric?

Events that took place before the time frame of the main narrative.

What is the backstory?

The high point of a plot, which is the moment of greatest tension or excitement in the story.

What is the climax?

The moment in a plot after the climax in which the reader, listener, or viewer learns what ultimately happens to the characters. (also called the resolution or falling action)

What is the conclusion?

A style of narration that uses pronouns that refer to oneself, such as I, me, and my.

What is the first person?

The standard writing found in fiction and nonfiction, usually arranged in paragraphs and complete sentences, unlike poetry and speech. (NOT POETRY)

What is the prose?

A style of narration that uses pronouns that refer to someone who is neither the reader nor the narrator, such as he, she, they, and them.

What is the third person?

What was the conclusion? (Helen Keller)

When Helen felt remorse/sorrow/regret for breaking the doll and the feeling of excitement/ hopeful for the future

To _________ means to expect something, or be aware that it will probably happen.

anticipate

controversy, or disagreement.(controversy can be big or small) are included in what?

arguments

The trustworthiness, authority, or professionalism of a researched source.

credibility

you thibnk about what you already know about a topic. This gets your mind ready to take in new information on that topic faster and better

elaboration on -Activating prior knowledge:

monitoring means that you make sure you understand what you are reading. If you don't understand something you are reading, apply the fix-up strategies to fix the problem (slow down, reread, keep reading)

elaboration on -Monitoring and applying fix-up strategies

is using a few of your own words to state the main idea of what you have read or heard

elaboration on summarizing

What point of view is Helen Keller's, "Story of my life" in?

first person; it is written from Helen's point of view

What are some examples of expository writing?

informational essay, nonfiction book, a recap of a sports event

what is one benefit of internal storytelling?

it helps to guide our behavior

What are not some examples of expository writing?

movie review, written argument, poetry, novel (are more biased)

The arguments caused by conflicts can be broken down into two major categories:

persuasion and fighting.

What is some more information on the conclusion?

sometimes there's falling action before the story ends, which is sort of like a lengthy resolution (this is often found in books). But all these terms refer to the same part of a story: its end.) -The conclusion is the really satisfying part of a story. This is where the audience learns what happens to the characters.

A great way to make your argument appealing is to:

use pathos, logos, and ethos ETHOS: Give your audience a reason to trust you, LOGOS: use facts and logic to support your argument, PATHOS: appeal to the audiences emotions

Information that helps to support a claim, thesis, or main idea.

what is evidence?

What is some extra details on the third person?

which is a point of view in which the narrator is outside the story and knows the thoughts and actions of one or more characters