English Exam 2: Inferencing, Summarizing, & Paraphrasing

What should you do before making an inference?

-We need to add those clues to what we have read or already know. - We need to realize that situations and ideas can have more than one correct conclusion

What is the simplified model for understanding inferences?

-We need to find clues to get some answers. -We need to add those clues to what we already know or have read. -There can be more than one correct answer. -We need to be able to support inferences.

One simplified model for understanding inference includes the following assumptions:

1. We need to find clues to get some answers. 2. We need to add those clues to what we already know or have read. 3. There can be more than one correct answer. (Depending on the clues and facts.) 4. We need to be able to support inferences.

Select three sentences that is a reasonable inference for the statement below. You must get both sentences correct. A) Children are more computer literate than their parents were. B) Teachers have become better teachers now that they have Internet access. C) Students now have access to currents world news and happenings. D) Books are no longer considered the sole source of information on a subject.

A. D.

Marzano (2010) How good was my thinking?

According to Marzano, once students have identified the premises on which they've based their inferences, they can engage in the most powerful part of the process — examining the validity of their thinking.

What is an inference?

An inference is an educated guess or prediction about something unknown based on available facts and information.

What is summarizing?

Briefly stating the main points in a selection

Select two sentences that is a reasonable inference for the statement below. You must get both sentences correct. A) Informal debates between candidates may be conducted online. B) Internet campaigning will drastically increase overall campaign expenditures. C) Political candidates may host online chats to assess voter opinion. D) Television campaigning is likely to remain the same.

C. D.

Coordination

Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.

Inferential thinking skill?

In order to draw conclusions, they combine clues from one part of the text with clues other parts of the text or combine clues from one part of the text with their own background knowledge.

Marzano (2010) What information did I use to make this inference?

It's important for students to understand the various types of information they use to make inferences. This may include information presented in the text, or it may be background knowledge that a student brings to the learning setting.

What does a good reader have to develop in order to ensure their inference is logical and realistic?

Readers who make inferences use the clues in the text along with their own experiences to help them figure out what is not directly said, making the text personal and memorable.

what is the meaning of the poem "Still I Rise"?

She will not let anyone's opinion of her bring her spirit down.

Marzano (2010) Do I need to change my thinking?

The final step in the process is for students to consider possible changes in their thinking. The point here is not to invalidate students' original inferences, but rather to help them develop the habit of continually updating their thinking as they gather new information.

What are connotations?

The thoughts and feelings associated with a words beyond its dictionary definition.

Marzano (2010) What is my inference?

This question helps students become aware that they may have just made an inference by filling in information that wasn't directly presented.

What is drawing conclusions?

Using hints as well as facts to make a logical deduction from both stated ideas and unstated assumptions.

What is paraphrasing?

When you put material into your own words

compond sentence

contains two or more simple sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction

What is the reader doing when they are making inference?

he/she is "reading between the lines" and paying attention to the implied meaning of the words the author provides.

subordination conjunction

is a word that join two or more clauses and makes the clause that contains it dependent on another clause

Basic inferences?

pull together the text (written words) of the author and the background knowledge (previously learned or experienced knowledge) of the reader.

What is figurative language?

words or phrases where you don't mean what you say. Ex, "That's how we roll."