ENGR 1620 midterm

Alfred Nobel

A Swedish engineer and chemist known for his work in explosives. He is most famous for creating dynamite and a explosive substance known as Gelignite. His work in explosives redefined the world of mining, but also made mass destruction easier.

Alan Turing

A British mathematician who worked at Bletchley Park during the Second World War and built a machine that was responsible for cracking the German's Enigma code. After his success as a cryptologist, he turned to algorithms and computing and is widely considered the father of computer science.

Niels Bohr

A Danish scientist whose research made huge strides in our understanding of atomic structure and quantum theory. He is most well known for the Model of atomic structure which states that electrons revolve in stable orbits in energy levels around the nucleus, and can switch orbits through the gain and loss of energy. He was awarded the Nobel prize in physics in 1922.

Kees Schouhammer Immink

A Dutch scientist and inventor with a degree in electrical engineering and almost 40 patents for coding systems who played a key role in the development of modern day digital media. Working with Philips Research Laboratories and Sony, Immink led teams that developed the CD, the DVD, and BluRay disks.

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

A French Engineer physicist who studied torsion and magnetism. He is best known for the definition of electrostatic force. He also created improvements to the design of retaining walls.

Sebastian Thrun

A German computer scientist and robotics developer who cofounded Udacity, a for-profit educational company offering massive open online courses (MOOCs). He is also leading the Google Self-Driving Car project, and was one of the co-inventors of Google Street View. His main research focus is artificial intelligence, and some of his past positions include being a research computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University and Stanford University. He was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 2007, and received the Max Planck Research Award in 2011.

Karl Benz

A German engineer who is credited with inventing the first automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine. Formally trained as a mechanical engineer, he worked short stints in a number of different industries before being granted his first engine patent in 1879. He then invented the first true automobile in 1885, was granted a patent for it in 1886, and continued to improve on the design.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A German physicist who researched the specific heats of gasses, thermal conductivity of crystals, influence of pressure on fluids, and modification of planes of polarized light by electromagnetic influences. He is most famously noted for his discovery of X-Rays while researching cathode rays, by passing an electric current through a gas of low pressure. He received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Ellen Ochoa

A Hispanic engineer and astronaut who attended San Diego State University where she received her bachelor of science degree in physics and later attended Stanford University where she received a master of science degree and doctorate in electrical engineering. She went on to become the worlds first Hispanic female astronaut in 1991 and was able to log more than 950 hours in space for NASA, who granted her numerous awards for her hard work, including NASA's Exceptional Service Medal in 1997.

J. Robert Oppenheimer

A Jewish American theoretical physicist who published many articles on quantum theory. He was a physics professor at UC Berkeley and worked on many topics including black holes, molecular wavefunctions, and quantum tunneling. He is best known for being the father of the Atomic Bomb, one of the chief engineers of the Manhattan project.

Alexander Fleming

A Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist. His most famous discoveries are lysozyme (an enzyme that plays an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections) and penicillin, which made antibiotics possible.

James Watt

A Scottish engineer and inventor who, inspired the Newcommen steam engine, a driving force in the Industrial Revolution. He also improved on his own design adding the use of rotary motion expanding the potential of the engine.

Ian Donald

A Scottish physician who, during WWII, investigated the use of radar and sonar for medical examination. After graduating from the University of Glasgow, he came up with an alternative use for ultrasound, which was mainly used to detect flaws in metal. With the help of engineer Tom Brown, the first ultrasound diagnostic machine was built, and was successfully used to measure foetal development.

Nikola Tesla

A Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist. He made important contribution to the AC power distribution system, in contrast with the DC one promoted by Thomas Edison. He also have other significant designs including induction motor, rotating magnetic field, Tesla coil, and radio-controlled vehicle.

George de Mestral

A Swiss inventor who created a simple but brilliant invention now known as the Velcro. He got his ideas from burrs sticking onto clothes. He created both the hook and loops fasteners of Velcro and created a multimillion dollar company selling his invention.

Robert Fulton

A brilliant American engineer and inventor who designed the first practical submarine for Napoleon, the first commercial steamboat, and the first steam-powered warship. He is largely accredited for integrating the steam engine to naval vessels, thus revolutionizing naval transportation during his time. Contrary to popular belief, he did not invent the steamboat, but he was indeed the first to make the to make its design practical and reliable.

Bjarne Stroustrup

A computer scientist from Denmark credited with the creation of C++, one of the most popular programming languages that expands upon C language. He was named a Fellow of the Computer Science History Museum for his invention of C++.

George Washington Carver

A famous African-American inventor who discovered over 300 different uses for peanuts-including things like cooking oil, printer ink, and peanut butter. His research including improving soils, growing crops with lower inputs, and to produce replacements from various common crops.

William Henry "Bill" Gates III

A philanthropist, computer programmer, and influential entrepreneur during the personal computer revolution. He co-founded the world's largest software company, Microsoft, and he is currently the richest man in the world.

Dimitri Mendeleev

A prolific Russian Chemist, he organized the known elements of his time into the periodic table, highlighting the relationship between atomic weight and chemical properties. Additionally, using his periodic table, he was able to identify elements whose atomic weight measurements (at the time) were inaccurate and to predict the existence and properties of 8 new elements.

Albert Einstein

A world-renowned theoretical physicist with Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of law of photoelectric effect, a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory. He discovered mass-energy equivalence formula, and developed general theory of relativity, one of two pillars of modern physics(alongside quantem mechanics).

Charles Drew

African American researcher and surgeon who invented new methods of storing the blood plasma used in transfusions and subsequently organized the first large-scale blood banks during World War II. Drew also became one of the leading scientists involved in establishing a national blood bank, but resigned because of policies of racial segregation in blood donation.

Bill Nye

After graduating from Cornell, this engineer worked for Boeing and helped develop a hydraulic pressure resonance suppressor and later helped develop sundials used in the Mars Exploration Rover missions. When not doing scientific research, this engineer also hosted his own television series that focused on teaching science to children.

Ernest Rutherford

Also known as "The Father of Nuclear Physics", this British physicist and chemist is most famous for his Gold Foil Experiment, in which he discovered the nucleus of an atom. He also contributed to the discovery of alpha radiation, beta radiation, and introduced several laws of radioactive decay as well as the nuclear model of the atom.

Steve Jobs

American businessman and entrepreneur who revolutionized the personal computer, animated movie, music, phone and tablet computing industries as CEO of Apple, Pixar, and NeXT. His notable line of products included the iMac, iTunes, Apple Stores, iPod, iPhone, the App Store, and the iPad. He died of respiratory arrest due to cancer in 2011.

Miller Reese Hutchinson

American electric engineer with more than 1,000 patents who developed many of the first portable electric devices (most notably, the hearing aid) as well as other devices like the car horn, electric tachometer, and the Klaxon warning device. Many of his inventions were forerunners for modern day technologies.

Henry Ford

American inventor and businessman best known for his perfection and implementation of the assembly line process and creating the "model T" - the first american automobile that was truly accessible to the everyday man. He revolutionized industry by using standardized interchangeable parts, making for cheap and easy repair, and producing in large factories using lower-wage, unskilled workers, both of which created a more time and cost efficient production method.

Dean Kamen

American inventor and entrepreneur who is best known for inventing the Segway PT and the iBot Wheelchair, along with many other biomechanical devices. He founded the program FIRST which is for students interested in science, technology, and engineering.

Martin Cooper

American inventor that made the first mobile phone and was the first to make a wireless phone call in public. Developed the mobile phone while with Motorola, Inc. but left before it was launched to the public and co-founded Cellular Business Systems, Inc. (CBSI).

George Samuel Hurst

American inventor who served as a professor of physics at the University of Kentucky where he attended university. He went on to invent the first resistive touch screen. One of the earliest types of touch screens, resistive screens were popular due to their low cost and high durability. He also held over 30 patents by his passing.

Jonas Salk

American scientist and medical researcher who developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1952 utilizing an injection of a killed-version of the virus. He chose not to patent his invention due to moral reasons, forfeiting potentially billions of dollars but beginning a widespread fight against the paralyzing disease that today has almost been eliminated from the globe due in great part to his work.

Richard Feynman

American theoretical physicist whom received the Nobel Prize in 1965 for his work in quantum electrodynamics. Also know for his work on the Manhattan Project, the development of the atomic bomb during WWII.

Emily Warren Roebling

American woman who essentially took over for her husband as Chief Engineer for the Brooklyn Bridge after he contracted a crippling illness. She spent 14 years completing the project in collaboration with her husband, working with him to develop ideas and then acting as foreman to implement them.

Lisa Perez Jackson

An American chemical engineer who in 2008 became the first African American to be the head of the US Environmental Protection Agency. She implemented many policies and environmental regulations including the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act and hazardous waste cleanup regulations.

Steve Wozniak

An American computer inventor and scientist who designed the Apple I computer, which launched Apple Computer Inc. (known now as Apple Inc.). The team sold their possessions and assembled the first motherboards together, eventually selling the device for $666.66 . He later designed the Apple II with Jobs, which went on to become one of the most successful personal computers during that time.

Grace Hopper

An American computer scientist who, most notably, is given credit for inventing the first computer compiler and helping to popularize machine independent programming. She was also significant in the creation of COBOL and popularized the term "debugging"(from having to remove actual bugs from the first computers) in CS. She was also one of the first programmers on the Harvard Mark I.

Carl Sagan

An American cosmologist, astronomer, astrobiologist, astrophysicist, science popularizer, author, and science communicator in astronomy as well as many other natural sciences. The first physical messages sent into outer space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, were assembled by him.

Edwin Armstrong

An American electrical engineer who made many contributions in the fields of circuits and radio. His most famous contribution came when he revolutionized radio by developing the frequency modulation (FM) system, which earned him a Franklin Medal.

Robert Goddard

An American engineer and physicist who built the world's first liquid fueled rocket in 1926. He is credited with 214 patents, and his inventions of the liquid fueled rocket and the multi stage rocket have made him become known as the father of modern rocket propulsion.

Willis Carrier

An American engineer who invented the world's first modern air conditioning system by designing a mechanical humidity controller that passed air through a filter and over coils containing a coolant. He developed the "Rational Psychrometric Formulae" to explain the for air conditioning while also determining the exact correlation between temperature and humidity.

Simon Ramo

An American engineer, businessman, and author who was an integral part of the development of microwave and missile technology. Some consider him to be the father of the intercontinental ballistic missile.

Charles Franklin Kettering

An American inventor and holder of over 160 patents, mainly known for his creation of the electric automobile self-starter. Also was the co-founder of DELCO electronics, the head director of research for General Motors (GM), co-founder of the Memorial Sloan Cancer Center, and the founder of the a Foundation.

Richard Jordan Gatling

An American inventor from North Carolina, he was most well known for his invention of the first successful machine gun, created for the union forces during the civil war. He also invented a steam plow and an early tractor.

Samuel Morse

An American painter, turned inventor, who developed the single-wire telegraph system which could communicate over long distances using a language he co-invented called "Morse Code" This code is a system of dots and dashes that could be sent through the telegram and received on the other end.

Theodore H. Maiman

An American physicist and engineer known for contributions in the field of optics, specifically lasers. He is famous for the invention of the first laser in the form of a solid-state design called the ruby laser. He also holds patents on other laser designs, masers, and optical devices.

Edwin Herbert Land

An American scientist and inventor who studied the polarization of light and went onto invent a cheap polarizing filter and the Polaroid Camera (an instant camera). He founded and managed his company, the Polaroid Corporation, and the work he did on light polarization lead to improved sunglasses and color animation.

Roger L. Easton

An American scientist who wrote a proposal for a U.S. satellite program and designed the Naval Space Surveillance System to detect and track Earth-orbiting objects. Additionally, designed and led development of the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS).

Christopher Cockerell

An English engineer who worked on radar technology, developed a wave-powered hydraulic device, and most notably invented the hovercraft. He discovered that air could be channeled around the edges of a hovercraft to create a momentum curtain that limited the amount of air that escaped and would allow the hovercraft to use a smaller engine and rise completely out of the water.

Ada Lovelace

An English mathematician often considered to be the first computer programmer because of her work with Charles Babbage on his mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine, including the first machine algorithm.

Enrico Fermi

An Italian scientist with a famous set of statistics relating to some subatomic particles named after him. He developed the beta-decay theory, conducted the first controlled nuclear reaction in 1942, and was one of the lead physicists on the Manhattan Project.

Eli Whitney

An american inventor who popularized and promoted the idea of interchangeable parts, a precursor to mass produced parts. He mainly used this for muskets so they could be fixed easily and for his other big invention, the cotton gin.

Archimedes of Syracuse

An ancient Greek mathematician and inventor. While he is rumored to have invented a solar powered "death ray," his most important work was in the field of hydrostatics. He formulated a principle relating the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder, allowing for the volume of an irregularly shaped object to be calculated.

Margaret Hamilton

An computer scientist and systems engineer known for her creation of the term "software engineering" and her work with NASA on the Apollo 11 space program. At NASA, her team developed the onboard on-board flight software for the Apollo space program and prevented an abort landing on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission.

Leonard Susskind

An elementary particle physicist who currently heads the Department of Theoretical Physics at Stanford University. He is known as one of the founding fathers of string theory. He also developed the "holographic principle", which directly countered Stephan Hawking's theory that information was lost at the singularity of a black hole. One of his most famous works, The Black Hole War, details him and Hawking's scientific conflict over their competing theories. He was awarded the Pomeranchuk Prize in 2008 for his many accomplishments in the realm of particle physics".

Burt Rutan

An eminent aerospace engineer known for his design of the Voyager (first plane to circumnavigate the globe without stopping or refueling) and the suborbital SpaceShipOne. The American retired in 2011.

Debbie Sterling

An engineer and the founder and CEO of GoldieBlox, a company that makes toys to promote enthusiasm in young girls for science, math, and engineering. She is a leading voice in the movement to get more women involved in engineering and technology.

Peter Carl Goldmark

An engineer from Hungary that spent time working at Columbia Records. During his time there he worked to develop the long playing microgroove phonograph disc. At the time this was the best way to store multiple works on one disc. He also created his own color television system while working at CBS. It used a wheel to alternate different colors. He had better picture quality than competitors but ultimately was unsuccessful due to compatibility issues.

Gustave Eiffel

An innovative French civil engineer and architect famous for his work and specialization in metal structure. He is credited with his contributions to monuments such as the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the dome of the Nice Observatory, and the Garabit viaduct.

Hedy Lamarr

Austrian and American actress co-invented a "Secret Communications System" with George Anthiel that manipulated radio frequencies at irregular intervals between transmission and reception, thus making messages unable to be intercepted by third-parties. Her technologies were widely used to combat Nazi forces in World War II and her later developments of "spread spectrum" technology have become the backbone to a wide array of wireless technology like cell phones and fax machines.

Gregor Mendel

Austrian friar who is known as the father of modern genetics. He performed the famous plant hybridization experiments with pea plants, which was the basis of the Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment. With the experiments, he also discovered the concepts of dominant and recessive traits. His work was not widely accepted until after his death.

Dorothy Hodgkin

Biochemist who developed protein crystallography; a method she used to advance the process of X-ray crystallography. She confirmed both the structure of penicillin (created by Ernst Chain and Edward Abraham) and vitamin B12, an accomplishment for which she won a Nobel Prize.

Alberto Santos-Dumont

Brazilian aviation pioneer. Designed balloons, powered airships, and later on aircrafts. From 1898 to 1905, the inventor was able to build and fly a total of 11 dirigibles. He performed the first public heavier-than-air aircraft flight verified by the Aéro-Club de France in 1906. He committed suicide in 1932 after an airplane was used as a weapon in a local war.

Francis Bacon

British engineer who developed the first practical hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, which convert air and fuel directly into electricity through electrochemical reactions. The first application of this technology was in the Apollo space vehicles.

John Wilkinson

British industrialist and inventor. He advanced the use of cast iron for industrial purposes, and developed a precise boring machine, able to drill deep, accurate holes in cast iron cylinders. This resulted in a method for making accurate, better sealing pistons for devices like steam engines. He also was a primary force behind the construction of the Iron Bridge, the first arch bridge to be constructed from cast iron.

James Gosling

Canadian Computer Scientist and father of the Java programming language. He started coding at 13 by (literally) breaking into the computer science department at the university his father worked at, where he made friends with the undergraduate students researching there.

Edward Teller

Commonly known as the father of the hydrogen bomb, this Hungarian-born American physicist was largely known for his contributions and advances to the infamous Manhattan Project. He was a large propagator for the usage of the hydrogen bomb despite its destructive qualities. Later in life, he proposed highly controversial techniques to solve military and civilian problems, one notable instance being when he decided to excavate an Alaskan mine through the use of thermonuclear explosives.

James Clerk Maxwell

Created the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation supported by the formulas. With the distribution, he helped describe the kinetic theory of gases. He did work in optics, control theory, and bridge analysis and made the first durable color photograph.

Rosalind Franklin

English chemist and molecular biologist who contributed much of the research which led to what we now know and understand to be the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Two years after earning her doctorate in physical chemistry from Cambridge University, she did research at Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de L'Etat in Paris where she learned X-ray diffracting techniques which she later used to take X-ray photographs of DNA, pushing closer to the discovery of the structure of DNA.

Henry Bessemer

English inventor and engineer who designed an extremely efficient process for making steel by blowing oxygen through pig iron. He patented this highly profitable idea in 1856, thereby allowing the rise of the modern factory. Highlights of his life include being knighted for his gifts to the scientific community and becoming a fellow of the Royal Society.

Edward Jenner

English physician who founded the smallpox vaccine, the very first form of vaccination. Smallpox was regarded as one of the most feared and common killer of infants. He discovered that a tamer form of smallpox, called cowpox, was protecting farmers from the deadly disease. As a result of his efforts, he is referred to as "the father of immunology."

Michael Faraday

English scientist who made monumental discoveries in electromagnetism. He discovered the concept of an electromagnetic field, and the principles of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. Also, his discoveries were the foundation for the electric motor and the widespread use of technology.

Stephen Hawking

English theoretical physicist and cosmologist with work on gravitational singularity theorems, black hole radiation emission and many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics. Graduated from University of Cambridge, he was the author of the best seller book A Brief History of Time.

Louis Pasteur

French chemist and microbiologist known for his discoveries in vaccinations (anthrax, cholera and rabies) and pasteurization (heating substance to kill pathogens, then cooling if necessary). He strengthened the belief that microorganisms were the cause of diseases (germ theory), saved the French silkworm industry from a blight, and saved numerous lives of humans and animals alike with his findings.

Werner Heisenberg

German physicist who made great contributions to quantum mechanics. He is best known for the uncertainty principle which states the exact locations of an atom's electrons are unknown, winning him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932. Much of his work is considered confidential due to his affiliation with Nazi Germany during WWII.

Horacio Pagani

He was a Chief Engineer at Lamborghini before forming his own supercar company because Lamborghini refused to spend money on an autoclave to produce carbon fiber car parts. Revolutionized the supercar industry by producing a care out of mostly carbon fiber, a material that is ubiquitous in modern supercars due its lightweight, yet strong properties.

Claudius Ptolemy

He was a Greco-Egyptian mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer. He developed a model of the solar system that included circular planetary orbits used to make near accurate predictions of planetary positions. His model was so mathematically sound it remained in use for many centuries.

Igor Sikorsky

He was a Russian engineer that invented the first four-engine plane and the first flying helicoptor. He also created the company that later joined with the United Aircraft Corporation.

Guglielmo Marconi

He was an Italian electrical engineer, physicist, and inventor known for being the first to develop wireless telegraphy. He founded a Telegraph Company in 1900 and sent the first transatlantic signal in 1901.

Johannes Gutenberg

He was the first European to create and use a mechanical printing press, which utilized movable type (individual letters/punctuation) and could mass produce books at a low cost. His printing press changed Europe by making books and learning available to the general public and was a key catalyst to the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.

Frank Sprague

Introduced mathematics to early electrical experiments while working with Thomas Edison until he left and founded the an Electric Railway and Motor Company. He went on to invent a regenerative brake that was crucial in the development of the electric train and electric elevator.

Wernher von Braun

Inventor of the V-2 Rocket, he was one of the leading aerospace engineers of Nazi Germany. Following World War II, he and many other scientists surrendered to the United States. While working for NASA, he developed the Saturn V rocket and in 1975 was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Robert E Kahn

Is an American Engineer who along with colleague Vint Cerf, invented TCP- Transmission Control Protocol, an idea initiated from work on a satellite network project. The TCP was later separated into two layers, basic functions transferred to Internet Protocol or IP. The TCP allows for a reliable stream of digital information to be communicated over an IP network. The two together formed the basis for modern internet.

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian scientist, engineer, and inventor who is known for his early designs and inventions, including a flying machine and a machine to concentrate solar powers. Though his ideas were often far ahead of his time, his smaller inventions and sketches helped to construct a foundation for the advancement of architecture and engineering. He also made significant discoveries in mathematics, anatomy, astronomy, and many other fields. Also known for painting the Mona Lisa and his drawing The Vitruvian Man.

Galileo Galilei

Known as "the father of modern observational astronomy", "the father of modern physics" and "the father of modern science", this Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician, played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance. His achievements include improvements to the telescope, which lead to astronomical observations and support for heliocentrism, the astronomical model that places the sun at the center of the solar system rather than the Earth, as was previously believed in geocentrism.

Isaac Newton

Known as the Father of Calculus (along with Gottfried Leibniz), the English scientist/mathematician is mainly known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation. He also invented the Reflecting Telescope, but rumors say he also invented the Pet Door.

Niels Henrik Abel

Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in various fields. He is most famous for proving that quintic equations cannot be solved in radicals.

Benjamin Franklin

One of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America in addition to inventing several devices such as the bifocals, a urinary catheter, lightning rod, and stove. He proved lightning to be a form of electricity through his key-and-kite experiment, and he discovered the conservation of charge principle.

Zhan Tianyou

Pioneering Chinese railroad engineer, also known as "Father of China's Railroad". Educated in the United States, he led the construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway, which is the first railway constructed in China without foreign assistance.

Thomas Edison

Prolific American inventor with more than 1,000 patents related to electrical lighting, power distribution, telegraphs, microphones, phonographs, and motion pictures. He advocated DC power distribution, versus the AC alternative favored by Westinghouse and Tesla.

Thales of Miletus

Regarded as the first Greek philosopher even by Aristotle. Tried to explain natural phenomena without the use of mythology, hypothesized that water is the originating principle of nature and the nature of matter is from said substance, and is the first know individual to use deductive reasoning applied to geometry.

Edwin Powell Hubble

Revolutionary American astronomer who made breakthroughs in the field of astronomy such as disproving that the Milky way was all there was to the Universe and establishing, from the discovery that the Universe is expanding, His Law - a law which states that all galaxies recede from Earth with velocities that increased in proportion to distance from Earth. He also classified all known nebulae at the time and calculated their velocities.

Sergei Korolev

Russian/Soviet rocket scientist and former aircraft designer. Also referred to as "The Chief Designer" due to Cold War tensions and secrecy. He was the lead scientist and engineer behind the Soviet space program during the early Space Race.

Alexander Graham Bell

Scottish engineer, scientist, inventor who is best known for inventing the telephone and being awarded the first United States patent for the telephone. Much of his work revolved around aiding the deaf, telecommunications, and aeronautics, and he became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society.

Mary Anderson

She is known for inventing the simple yet indispensable windshield wiper. There was a lever inside the vehicle that controlled a spring loaded arm to move back and forth against the windsheild. She was rejected when trying to sell the basic rights to her invention through a Canadian firm. However the automobile industry was multiplying, and soon after Anderson's basic design became standard equipment starting in Cadillac manufacturing.

Elon Musk

South African engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur who founded SpaceX, and cofounded Zip2, Paypal, and Tesla Motors, of which he is the CEO and product architect. He is currently working on prototypes from the Hyperloop, a high speed transportation system which would revolutionize traveling through its reduced-pressure tubes and air compressors making it energy efficient.

Daniel Bernoulli

Swiss doctor, mathematician, and physicist, he has numerous awards from the Paris Academy of Sciences. He is famous for his contributions to both mathematics and physics with the publication of "Hydrodynamica." His principle outlined the theory and fundamental relationship of fluid flow in regards to density, pressure, and velocity, being the general relationship of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. He also set the basis for the kinetic theory of gases and heat.

George Eastman

The founder of a Company who invented the dry, flexible, transparent roll film and the cameras that used them. His work simplified the process for developing negatives and allowed cameras to be smaller and cheaper, making photography more enjoyable for and accessible to the average person.

Christian von Koenigsegg

The founder of a Swedish high-performance automobile manufacturer sharing his own last name. He introduced many innovations to the high-performance automobile (or hypercar) industry, such as the triplex suspension system or camshaft-replacing free valve technology. One of the company's cars, the Agera R, held the speed record for a period of time before the release of the Bugatti Veyron SS.

Hans von Ohain

This German engineer built the first operating model of the turbo jet engine in 1936. The jet engine would allow aircraft to fly higher in the atmosphere while exhausting less fuel. His innovation on previous engines led to the production of the first jet airplanes. He later went to be a research scientist in the US at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. He registered 19 US patents while working in the US.

Wilber and Orville Wright

Two American brothers and inventors who designed, built, and flew the first practical, fixed-wing airplane which featured their patented three-axis control system. Their historic flight also marked the first powered and controlled heavier-than-air human flight.

Marie Curie

Was a French physicist whose efforts led to the discovery of polonium and radium, the development of a model of the X-ray, and was the first women recipient of the Noble Prize in physics. She also developed the theory of radioactivity and techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, which promoted medical treatments using radioactive isotopes.

Ferdinand Porsche

Was a German automotive engineer who founded a car company, and worked on important developments that preceded the cars of today. Some of his more famous achievements are the engineering of the world's first gas and electric hybrid car, the first race car with a mid-engine rear-wheel-drive layout, the Volkswagen Beetle, and most of Germany's tanks and weapon systems during WWII. He was posthumously given the award of Car Engineer of the Century by the Global Automotive Elections Foundation in 1999.

Rudolf Diesel

Was a German engineer who had a thorough understanding of thermodynamics, especially the Carnot Engine and its cycle. Through experimentation, he pioneered a new engine designed to run on peanut oil; the diesel engine. The diesel engine is unique because it relies on compression-induced auto-ignition rather than spark plugs for combustion. He obtained both US and German patents for his invention.

Max Planck

Was a pioneer in theoretical physics and one of the founding fathers of the quantum theory; his theory revolutionized how people think of atomic and subatomic processes.Furthermore, a whole set of measurements is based off of him, including the time, length, and the temperature.