enlightenment

The actions of previous Austrian rulers towards Protestants as described in the passage as a result of which of the following

Increased monarchical control over religion as a result of religious changes inspired by the Reformation

What change within the Jewish community accompanied the Haskalah Enlightenment

Interactions between Jewish and Christians increased, and rabbinic controls diminished

Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia

Jean le Rond d'Alembert

The passage was likely inspired by the political ideas of

John Locke

Which of the following would most likely support the principles underlying the above passage

John Locke

Locke's views on government would most likely have been supported by

William of Orange III of the Netherlands

The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to

an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues

The ideas expressed in the passage best illustrated which of the following Enlightenment beliefs

beliefs that promoted the idea of natural rights

Madame du Châtelet, Voltaire's longtime companion

believed that women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education

According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to

change the general way of thinking

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

empiricism

The discipline of natural philosophy focused on

fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe

Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets

produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

reduced nobles power over their serfs

The passage (Wealth of Nations) can best be understood within the context of

the Enlightenment

The views of Locke can best be understood within the context of

the Glorious Revolution

Which book by the Baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment

the Persian Letter

How did the governments respond to the new science

they established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research

The ideas in the (Spirit of the Laws) directly influenced

the development of constitutionalism

What was the primary goal of Galileo's experimental method

to discover what actually occurred in nature rather than to speculate or what should occur

What was Voltaire's attitude toward government

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for in a government

Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

a military coup

In the passage (Second Treatise of Civil Government) Locke seems to be arguing in favor of

a social contract

Smith's discussion of the "invisible hand" is most closely associated with the idea of

natural law

A striking feature of salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

Rousseau's concept of the general will asserts that

the general will is not necessarily the will of the majority

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment

the methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

What was the Republic of Letters

A truly cosmopolitan set of networks stretching from western Europe to its colonies in the Americas, to Russia and eastern Europe, and along the routes of trade and empire to Africa and Asia through which the ENLIGHTENED THINKERS AND PHILOSOPHES COMMUNICATED AND SHARED IDEAS

Which of the following would have been least likely to approve of Joseph II's policies

Denis Diderot

Galileo was placed on trial four heresy owing to the publication of

Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World

Which of the following trends is best supported by the passage

Natural rights philosophy inspired a challenge to absolutism

Which of the following is the religious response to Nicolas Copernicus's hypothesis

Protestants rejected Copernicus's idea that the earth moved, while the Catholic Church largely overlook his theory until declaring the hypothesis false in the seventeenth century

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

Although Smith wrote the Wealth of Nations in the late eighteenth century, which of the following countries would have been most likely to embrace Smith's economic philosophy throughout most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Spain or Netherlands?????

In Historical and Critical Dictionary by Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

all knowledge can be questioned and doubted

Which of the following would most likely have approved of Locke's views in the passage

gentry

In his essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke claimed that

human development is determined by education and society

How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity

it synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system

Catherine the Great's goal of domestic reform never came to fruition, owing to

the rebellion led by Emelian Pugachev in 1773

The most influential aspect of Rene Descartes' theories of nature was that

the universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion

Joseph II's conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments

was opposed by both nobles and peasants

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

Rococo

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Enlightenment thinkers believed that their era had surpassed antiquity which demonstrated the possibility of human progress

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

shift from reading religious texts aloud as a family to reading diverse texts individually

The Enlightened policies of Frederick the Great included

simplifying Prussia's laws