Enlightenment

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote "Leviathan" which said that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish and that they needed to be controlled by a social contract and strict government

Lassiez Faire

govenment hands off business, allowing businesses to operate with little or no government interference

Voltaire

philosopher who believed in free expression freedom of speech; wrote the Candide, "I may disapprove of what you say but I will defend to my death your right to say it."

Adam Smith

philosopher who believed in free market/Laissez Faire; wrote the "Wealth of Nations"; father of economics

Rousseau

philosopher who believed that people are generally good; wrote the Social Contract; that government places too many limits on people; individual rights above government democracy

Montesquieu

philosopher who wrote the Spirit of Laws; had idea of separation in government (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)

Rationalism

using reason to understand questions

Mercantilism

wealth equals power, pro Tariff

censorship

when books are banned

Absolutism

when kings rule with complete control, they claim divine right, and they acquire their power through heir to the throne

Diderot

wrote "Encyclopedia" a 28 volume of articles of philosophy, religion, and government

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

Enlightened despot

Kings who agree to some change because of Enlightenment Ideas, (legislative body)

Natural Laws

Laws that govern human nature

Natural Rights

Rights that belong to people since birth; right to life, liberty, and property

John Locke

"Two Treaties of Government", philosopher who believed that if the government stopped protecting you or violates your natural rights (life, liberty, and property) then you have a right to replace your government

Tariff

tax on imports

Social Contract

Agreement by which people give up a state of nature for an organized society

Divine Right

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Mary Wollstonecraft

British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women."

Marie Therese Geoffrin

Famous Salon hostess. Invited brilliant minds including Voltaire, Baron de Montesquieu, and Diderot. Made exchange of ideas fashionable, and allowed them to work on their projects in her salon.