ENSC 001 - Chapter 6 - Midterm #2

Wildfires:

-are not always damaging for natural environments -release nutrient minerals that are previously locked in dry organic material -can have an increased negative effect due to the efforts intended to prevent them -are increasing do to climate change

Which of the following can be found in kelp forests?

-crabs -tube worms -sea cucumbers -sea otters *all of these

What do inhabitants of the rocky intertidal zone not do to protect themselves?

-follow tides in and out -use an anchor or some other means of attachment -seal in moisture with a closing shell or other adaptations -hide under rocks *none of these, all are adaptations to the rocky intertidal zone

Coral reefs:

-may occur as barrier, fringing, or atoll formations -protect coastlines from erosion -are found in shallow, nutrient poor, tropical waters -are the most diverse of all marine environments

Which of the following manmade structures were created to prevent flooding and provide drainage to the Florida Everglades?

-pump stations -levees -canals all of these

The biological community that characterizes the arctic tundra is:

Animals (consumers) - migrating herbivores, small mammals, and predatory birds. Plants (Producers) - mosses, lichens, and dwarf woody plants

Compare and contrast the alpine tundra and the arctic tundra.

Both the alpine tundra and the arctic tundra are characterized by treeless, boggy plains covered by lichens and small plants. Both have areas of permanently frozen ground (permafrost) and little precipitation. The tundras have low species richness, low primary productivity, and are extremely fragile areas. Alpine tundra is located in the higher elevations of mountains, above the tree line. Arctic tundra is located in the extreme northern latitudes wherever the snow melts seasonally.

Which of the following statements about desert inhabitants is not true?

Desert animals typically have adaptations for conserving

Tallgrass prairies do not occur in which of the following states?

Florida

What are the two problems that override all other problems in the Everglades today?

The Everglades receives too little water, and the water it receives is polluted with nutrient minerals from agricultural runoff.

National Marine Sanctuaries include:

a) kelp forests in off the coast of California b) coral reefs in the Florida Keys c) fishing grounds along the continental shelf d) deep submarine canyons e) all of these

All of the following apply to the tundra biome except:

abundant average precipitation of 75 to 125 cm (30 to 50 in) per year

Which of the following is not a major component of desert animal life?

amphibians

A coastal body of water, partly surrounded by land, with input from both sea and fresh water is called:

an estuary

A relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by similar environmental factors regardless of where it occurs in the world is called a/an:

biome

Which biome is mismatched with the statement that follows it?

boreal forest: well suited for agriculture because of short growing season and mineral-poor soil

Which of the following biomes is not known for its wood and lumber production?

chaparral

The biomes that commonly have fire-adapted species are:

chaparral, temperate grassland, and savanna

Which of the following does not apply to headwater flowing streams?

cloudy due to suspended particles

The tallgrass prairie is currently the rarest biome in North America due to:

conversion to agriculture

Humid tropical rain forests have extraordinary biological diversity:

due to local factors, such as varying soil fertility and topography

Which of the following does not apply to the profundal zone of a large lake?

effective recycling of minerals

Tundra:

has an extended day length during its growing season

The boreal forest:

has numerous ponds and lakes formed by grinding ice sheets

Shortgrass prairies:

have native drought-resistant grasses

Deciduous forests:

have trees that shed their leaves seasonally

The dominant vegetation of the temperate rain forest includes all of the following except:

hickory

Which of the following human impact is mis-matched with the detrimental effect it has had on a biome?

hunting and fishing: desertification of the savanna, tropical grasslands

Chaparral biomes occur:

in regions around the globe with mild, rainy winters, followed by hot, dry summers

Which of the following does not apply to freshwater wetlands?

increase potential for flooding

Which of the following is not a source of human impact on the marine environment?

increased levels of O2

Soil in deserts:

is high in mineral content

The shallow-water area along the shore of a lake or pond is called the __________ zone:

littoral

Which of the following is not a biome?

mangrove forest

Ecosystem services supported by the estuarine environment include all of the following except:

marinas

All of the following are fire-adapted except:

most hardwood trees

Which of the following would not be found exclusively in the benthic environment?

nekton

Which of the following does not apply to the tundra biome?

no permafrost

Tropical rain forests:

occur in areas with ancient, mineral-poor soil

Which of the following is not found at the boundary between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems?

oceanic province

Flowing-water ecosystems, especially headwater streams, receive most of their energy from:

organic detritus

Which of the following characterizes both the savanna and chaparral biomes?

periodic fires

Which of the following organisms are representative of the limnetic zone?

phytoplankton and zooplankton

Free-floating aquatic organisms are known as:

plankton

Which of the following organizational hierarchies is correctly listed from smallest to largest unit?

population <community <ecosystem <biome

The deepest zone in a large lake, below where the sunlight penetrates, is the:

profundal zone

Humans harm the oceans in all of the following ways except:

recycling

The most fundamental division in aquatic ecology is

salinity

Which of the following abiotic factors does not typically affect biome structure?

salinity

The boreal forest is located ______ the tundra.

south of

Hot summers and cold winters, topsoil rich in organic material, annual precipitation of 75 to 125 cm (30-50 in), and many hardwood trees are characteristics of the:

temperate deciduous forest

The biome most suitable for the development of farmland is:

temperate grassland

The biomes known for supporting herds of grazing animals are:

temperate grassland and savanna

The biome with high amounts of precipitation, large narrow-leaved evergreen trees, and epiphytes including lichens is the:

temperate rain forest

The benthic environment includes all the following except

the bendal

The thermocline is the layer in a lake at which:

the warm upper zone meets the cold lower zone

Wetlands are important for all of the following reasons except:

they contribute to asymmetry in urban communities

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of desert animals?

they remain inactive during the driest months of the year

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

tide pool - spider crabs

Transpiration is the most important source of precipitation for which biome?

tropical rain forest

Which of the following biomes has the highest biodiversity?

tropical rain forest

Mixing of water layers, which often occurs in temperate lakes due to decreasing ambient temperature, is referred to as:

turnover

Which of the following does not apply to a biome?

usually confined to a relatively small geographical area

Which of the following is not important in determining the distribution of organisms in aquatic biomes?

water