Enth 101 Quiz 3

Anomie

A lack of purpose, identity, and belonging that often accompanies modern living.

Structural-functionalism

An early 20th century theory that said society's institutions functioned to maintain structure and order and thereby serve the smooth functioning of society's institutions.

Functionalism

An early 20th century theory that said society's institutions functioned to serve the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Leslie White's mid-20th century cultural evolutionism posited that the cultures that were most evolved were those most capable of

Capturing and exploiting energy

When one attempts to assess and understand a particular society's customs, traditions, practices, and values on their own terms and without bias, this is called ______________.

Cultural Relativism

Marvin Harris

Cultural materialism - the view that the material realities of culture, and culture alone, determine people's behavior. According to this view, after the advent of culture and learning biology became irrelevant as a determinant of human behavior.

In Dependency Theory colonizers often create a dependency on the part of colonized peoples by disrupting indigenous economies and social institutions through the introduction of novel socioeconomic institutions. The colonized peoples then become dependent upon the colonizers for their livelihood. The means most often used to create such a dependency is

Exotic trade goods

Lewis Henry Morgan is a 19th century unilineal evolutionist whose research is relevant to van den Berghe's approach because he studied the evolution of:

Kinship

The 19th century evolutionists whose "conflict perspective" is most relevant to world systems theory and dependency theory are:

Marx & Engels

E.O. Wilson

Sociobiology - the view that both evolved biology and the developmental environment work together to determine behavior in any organism, including humans.

Ivan Pavlov

The behaviorist who advocated classical conditioning because he saw the brain as a tabula rasa.

B.F. Skinner

The behaviorist who said there are some innate predispositions in the brain and thus it was operant conditioning that played on innate releasing mechanisms and fixed action patterns during development.

Polygenists were pre-Darwinian creationists who believed that

all of the above

Darwin's theory of descent with modification by means of natural selection was based on the fact that

all of the above.

Monogenists were pre-Darwinian creationists who believed that

all of the above.

Creationism

is a religious belief that the origins of the universe are the sole product of a creator.

Tabula Rasa

is the concept that a child's mind is a blank slate onto which their identity is written by socialization and culture.

Natural Selection

is the process whereby the natural environment selects behavioral and morphological traits in living organisms which are best suited for survival and reproduction.

Franz Boas, the father of anthropology in the early 20th century in the United States, rejected 19th century theories of unilineal evolution as:

racist

19th Century unilineal cultural evolutionary theory posited three stages of evolution. These were:

savagery, barbarism, civilization