ENV Chp 1-4

Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving natural areas for their

Aesthetic and spiritual values and wildlife habitat

Cheetahs can run extremely fast because

All of these are reasons cheetahs can run extremely fast

Tolerance limits are _______ that limit a species' survival.

Any environmental conditions

Some of today's leading environmental thinkers, such as Dr. Wangari Maathai of Kenya

Are linking improved environmental quality with social progress

The world's poorest people _______________ environmental degradation

Are victims and agents of

Natural selection will ultimately make a species

C. Better adapted to its environment

The world's population is now more than

6 billion

What term describes species which arise in non-overlapping geographic regions?

allopatric speciation

The world population growth rate is currently close to ________%.

b. 1.2

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

b. increases environmental impact

The 1994 Cairo, Egypt, conference was organized ________.

b. to urge governments to better address social issues such as poverty and disease as potential sources of population problems

As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

becomes more diverse

During which time period did the world's population more than double?

c. 1950-2000

Which of the following is not a molecule?

c. C

Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (90%) is ________.

c. China

________ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth.

c. China; one-fifth

Potential energy is _______ energy

c. stored

The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar in that they both

c. temporarily store energy in chemical bonds.

Most environmental problems result from

complex, interrelated problems

If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to ________%.

d. 1.5

What implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans?

d. Disposable goods are not going "away" when we throw them out.

Energy is the ability to

e. Both move objects and transfer heat from one object to another are true.

The relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds is most like the relationship among

e. grains of sugar, sugar, and sweetened iced tea.

Replacement fertility ____________.

e. is equal to 2.1 in stable populations

A titmouse and a chickadee are living in the same territory and are using some of the same resources. The best way to classify this interaction is as

interspecific competition.

A climax community is one that

is relatively stable and long lasting

Proof in science is always

open to question or new evidence

A species of fish can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100°F there are no individuals present. In the range from 97°F-100°F and 90°F-94°F there are a few individuals present. Below 90°F there are no individuals present. Between 95°F-96°F there are many individuals. What would you label the range of temperature from 95°F to 96°F for this particular species?

optimal range

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity.

overshoots

The best definition of a hypothesis is a(n)

proposed explanation based on observation

The introduction of a predator onto an island originally free from predators is likely to cause the extinction of a native species. True or False

rue

In In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to bea biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the abundance of any one species is likely to be

small

Which of the following countries has the highest population growth rate?

sub-Saharan Africa and the middle east

An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

that it can produce

A biological community's productivity is a measure of

the amount of biomass produced in the community

Which of the following is not generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected species?

they have shorter generation times

A species of fish can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100°F there are no individuals present. In the range from 97°F-100°F and 90°F-94°F there are a few individuals present. Below 90°F there are no individuals present. Between 95°F-96°F there are many individuals. What would you label the range of temperature from 90°F to 94°F for this particular species?

zone of physiological stress

Poverty is usually passed on from one generation to the next through

The lack of available opportunities

In a mutualistic relationship both partners benefit from the relationship

True

Evolution occurs as a result of

D. Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic

One way to decrease the size of our ecological footprint is to

Decrease consumption rates

Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by

Placing more emphasis on pollution problems

Supplies of fossil fuels are

Being steadily depleted

One major difference affecting the scope of environmental issues of the past and present is the

Current ability to alter the natural world through technology

Resource partitioning leads species to

E. All of these would be a result of resource partitioning

The branch of philosophy concerned with the distinction between right and wrong and the ultimate worth of actions of things is

Ethics

In general species diversity is higher near the poles than near the equator. True or False

False

The ecological footprint of developed countries like Japan and the United States are very similar. True or False

False

Sustainable development, ideally, improves living conditions

For generations in the future

At the end of the twentieth century, ____________________ has/have been added to environmental thinking.

Global concerns

___________ is the place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives.

Habitat

Places in the world where indigenous people live tend to have

High biodiversity

The fundamental basis of environmental science as a discipline is the

Human impact on the Earth

A keystone species is a species whose presence

Influences the population size of many other species in its community

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

J-shaped curve

Which of the following are pioneer species?

Lichens

Symbiosis means

Living together

Sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that it emphasizes economic development in the

Long term

Intraspecific competition is competition among ________ for resources.

Members of a single species

If everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do,

Our current resources would run out quickly

The word "environment" comes from a French word that means having to do with

Surroundings

Environmental science is a __________.

Systematic approach in learning about the environment

Generally, distinguished scientists may have different interpretations of the same evidence. True or False

T

Which country listed is not in the top 5 with respect to sustainable development?

The United States

Pollution problems

Were recognized at least as early as the eleventh century

Based on what you know of photosynthesis, what effect would clearcutting of large forests have on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

a. It would increase the level of carbon dioxide since less photosynthesis would be taking place.

Water expands when it crystallizes

a. True

The motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as __________ energy.

a. kinetic

A biological community consists of all

a. populations living and interacting in an area.

Which is not a characteristic of acids?

a. they readily give up hydrogen ions b. they have a pH of less than 7 c. they react easily with living tissue d. they react easily with nonliving minerals .ALL of these are characteristic of acids

The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that

a. under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed.