environmental science // unit 2

Which of the following statements would be an observation of primary succession? a.) "I can't believe how quickly the shrubs regrew after last summer's tornado." b.) "Look at the plants that have regrown on this mountain since the volcanic eruption two decades ago." c.) "The weeds have taken over my neighbor's pasture ever since that fire came through." d.) "I've noticed several species of lichen growing on rocks exposed by a melting glacier."

"I've noticed several species of lichen growing on rocks exposed by a melting glacier."

"I know the difference between weather and climate," Josh said softly, "but I'm forgetting the ways physical locations affect climate." Aliesha studied her notes. "You mean like it getting colder as you climb a mountain?" "Yes!" Josh shouted. Aliesha winced and the librarian immediately shushed them with a stern finger to his lips. "I didn't mean to get excited," Josh whispered. "I'm just nervous about this test." "Say you're in a boat headed toward the equator," Aliesha prodded. "What climate would you expect to find there?" To correctly answer the question, Josh would say which of the following? "Days would be hot and nights would be cool." "Increased cloud cover would cause high humidity and rain." "The temperature would be warmer near the equator." "There would be little rain near the coastline."

"The temperature would be warmer near the equator."

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis and carbon cycling is true? Cellular respiration is the release of sugars as energy. Carbon cycling occurs in both long-term and short-term cycles. Climate is involved in carbon recycling. All carbon on Earth is contained in living organisms.

Carbon cycling occurs in both long-term and short-term cycles.

Select the example that describes a non-native species. Domestic livestock multiplied rapidly throughout eastern North America after their introduction by English colonists. This particular species of orchid has remained within the same environment for hundreds of years. A species of parrot has evolved to occupy a key niche within the Amazon rainforest ecosystem. Populations of deer and wolves in Arizona have evolved in relationship with each other.

Domestic livestock multiplied rapidly throughout eastern North America after their introduction by English colonists.

Select the statement that is an example of a species providing an ecosystem service. When a whale is injured, other whales will support it out of the water so it can breathe. Earthworms aerate the soil and create pathways for root growth under farmers' fields. After mice invaded a home, the homeowner used humane traps to release the mice into the wild. Wolves promote biodiversity and natural balance by eating deer and other animals.

Earthworms aerate the soil and create pathways for root growth under farmers' fields.

After a devastating tsunami destroys many of Japan's forests, dormant or buried seeds begin to grow again and wildlife slowly returns to its natural habitat. What is this process called? Habitat fragmentation Ecological succession Symbiosis Species distribution

Ecological succession

There are many challenges to protecting endangered species, including identifying a species in danger in time to reverse the threat against it. Select a possible solution to the environmental issue of protecting endangered species from the options below. Establish nature preserves. Eliminate corridors. Offer incentives to encourage the trade of endangered species. Encourage human activity in endangered habitats.

Establish nature preserves.

Which of the following is a renewable resource? Gemstones Ethanol Natural gas Coal

Ethanol

Which of the following is a strategy associated with conservation biology? Restricting hunting in an area so a population can return to its natural state. Introducing more females into a threatened population. Establishing nature preserves with no human interactions. Examining biotic and abiotic factors in a specific environment.

Examining biotic and abiotic factors in a specific environment.

Which statement accurately describes the "estuary" biome? Tends to have low levels of biodiversity Can be hot or cold, but always very dry Most grazing animals live here Freshwater and saltwater mix here

Freshwater and saltwater mix here

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following comes first in their food chain order? Deer Grass Wolf Fungus

Grass

Select the example of restoration ecology. Keeping native plants as landscaping. Planting new grasses to address erosion issues. Harvesting wild mushrooms in a forest. Planting a meadow habitat that will attract butterflies.

Planting new grasses to address erosion issues.

Choose the statement that correctly explains how carbon is cycled. Animals eat plants and create carbon dioxide, plants release carbon and use water and sunlight to grow. Plants release carbon as sugars; animals consume plants and convert the sugars to carbon dioxide again. Plants pull carbon dioxide from the air and grow; animals eat plants and grow, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air. Animals use carbon that is released by plants, which converts to sugars when ingested and back to carbon dioxide when exhaled.

Plants pull carbon dioxide from the air and grow; animals eat plants and grow, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air.

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis? Plover birds eat the food caught in alligators' teeth A mosquito bites a human A spider captures a fly in its web Two species of lizards that eat flies live in the same area

Plover birds eat the food caught in alligators' teeth

Choose the true statement about the focus of community ecology, population ecology or ecosystem ecology. Life tables are used in ecosystem ecology to identify what populations to protect. Population ecology considers the number of and age of structures of individuals in an area. Ecosystem ecology studies mostly small-scale phenomena. Nonliving elements play an important role in community ecology.

Population ecology considers the number of and age of structures of individuals in an area.

Which of these is a process in the carbon cycle? a.) Animals eat plants and receive carbon as sugars and other compounds. b.) When fossil fuels are burned, they absorb carbon from the atmosphere. c.) Microorganisms take carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into usable forms. d.) Carbon enters the atmosphere through transpiration of plants.

a.) Animals eat plants and receive carbon as sugars and other compounds.

Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? a.) Fossil fuels b.) Animals c.) Water d.) Wood

a.) Fossil fuels

Which of the following statements relates most strongly to restoration ecology? a.) It concentrates on ways to initiate and hasten the recovery of an ecosystem. b.) It focuses on managing, conserving and protecting water, land, plants and animals. c.) It studies the interactions of multiple species in a given area at a given time. d.) it strives to maintain the biological diversity of species, communities and ecosystems.

a.) It concentrates on ways to initiate and hasten the recovery of an ecosystem.

Which of the following characteristics is associated with secondary succession? a.) New saplings of lodgepole pine begin to grow on land scarred by a recent fire. b.) Moss quickly establishes itself on land recently exposed by glacial retreat. c.) Foliage begins to grow on new land created by cooled lava. d.) Algae and fungus start to grow on bare rock.

a.) New saplings of lodgepole pine begin to grow on land scarred by a recent fire.

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis? a.) Sea anemones attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs and drive off octopuses with their barbed tentacles in exchange for a free ride. b.) In a forest, taller trees get more sunlight; shorter trees get less sunlight because the taller ones block the sun's rays. c.) A gecko walks straight up a wall because its bulbous toes are covered with hundreds of microscopic hairs that create a physical bond with the surface. d.) With its exceptional eyesight, an osprey can see a fish moving in a shallow lake and easily pluck it from the water with its sharp talons.

a.) Sea anemones attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs and drive off octopuses with their barbed tentacles in exchange for a free ride.

The construction of a dam has severed the upstream portion of a river from the downstream portion. Choose the most likely outcome of this habitat fragmentation. a.) Some fish species may become extinct. b.) Species that live along the river banks may relocate. c.) Fish may find a way to cross from one habitat to another. d.) New fish species may repopulate both sides of the river.

a.) Some fish species may become extinct.

A large section of tropical rainforest is cleared to build roads for mining. Select the least likely outcome of this habitat fragmentation from the options below. a.) Species will quickly adapt and re-populate the area. b.) The environment on the habitat edges will support different plants and animals. c.) Species that require open grazing areas may not survive. d.) Subpopulations of species may emerge.

a.) Species will quickly adapt and re-populate the area.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the community level of organization? a.) The exact species that exist b.) Interactions between living organisms and the area's abiotic factors c.) Climate and weather patterns d.) The number of females versus males

a.) The exact species that exist

When does a non-native species become invasive? a.) When they are outside of their original environment and adversely affect habitats b.) When they have been introduced deliberately or accidentally into a new environment c.) When they occupy specific habitats in their original environment and have natural predators d.) When they have mutually beneficial interactions with other species

a.) When they are outside of their original environment and adversely affect habitats

One example of an earth system is the __________, which includes climate and weather. a.) atmospheric system b.) energy production and cycle c.) movement of energy through ecosystems d.) geologic cycle

a.) atmospheric system

As a camper hikes away from the lake, __________. a.) the probability of rain decreases b.) the temperature is warmer c.) the temperatures grow colder d.) the chances of precipitation increase

a.) the probability of rain decreases

Which of the following characteristics is associated with primary succession? a.) ​A species establishes itself in a previously unpopulated environment. b.) A plant species starts growing after a fire wipes out an existing plant species. c.) A plant species gets established after overgrazing destroys a previous inhabiting plant species. d.) A species establishes itself following an environmental disturbance.

a.) ​A species establishes itself in a previously unpopulated environment.

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer? a.) An African lion b.) A Masai giraffe c.) An acacia tree d.) A mound-building termite

b.) A Masai giraffe

How is carbon cycled between plants and animals? a.) Dying organisms consume oil and coal. b.) An animal eats a plant, then absorbs and exhales the carbon, which is then absorbed by other plants during photosynthesis. c.) Plants use oxygen combined with sugar, to create water and carbon in order to grow. d.) Plants release carbon in the form of a gas called carbon dioxide

b.) An animal eats a plant, then absorbs and exhales the carbon, which is then absorbed by other plants during photosynthesis.

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi, Maple Leaf b.) Maple leaf, Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi c.) Fungi, Fox, Lizard, Cricket, Maple Leaf d.) Fox, Cricket, Maple leaf, Lizard, Fungi

b.) Maple leaf, Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi

Which of the following sentences does NOT describe overexploitation? a.) The sustainable annual limit for tuna is 7,500 tons; the fishing industry harvests 60,000 tons. b.) Rosemary is harvested by the ton in Morocco; once cut, rosemary grows back twice as lush. c.) If current logging rates continue, all of the world's rainforests will be gone in 100 years. d.) Some types of turtles are collected and sold as pets faster than they are able to reproduce.

b.) Rosemary is harvested by the ton in Morocco; once cut, rosemary grows back twice as lush.

Which of the following Earth systems includes photosynthesis? a.) The geologic cycle b.) The energy production and cycle c.) The atmospheric system d.) The movement of energy through ecosystems

b.) The energy production and cycle

Choose a likely result of an invasive species being introduced into an area. a.) The invasive species may encounter predators, competition or disease. b.) The health and productivity of the ecosystem may be reduced. c.) Reproduction rates for native species may increase. d.) The balance of a particular ecosystem may be altered in a positive way.

b.) The health and productivity of the ecosystem may be reduced.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the logistic population growth model? a.) When extended over time, the graph resembles a "J" shape. b.) This model considers limiting factors such as rainfall and food. c.) This model studies population growth without limiting factors. d.) Change in birth and death rates determine the slope.

b.) This model considers limiting factors such as rainfall and food.

Which of the following is a renewable resource? a.) Minerals b.) Wood c.) Coal d.) Petroleum

b.) Wood

A negative impact of deforestation includes __________. a.) additional precipitation b.) increased atmospheric CO2 levels c.) heightened ultraviolet radiation d.) greater biodiversity

b.) increased atmospheric CO2 levels

As a person climbs a mountain, ____________. a.) the probability of rain decreases b.) the temperatures grow colder c.) the chances of precipitation increase d.) the temperature is warmer

b.) the temperatures grow colder

Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? a.) Wind b.) Ethanol c.) Natural gas d.) Sunlight

c.) Natural gas

As a traveler moves closer to the equator, __________. a.) the probability of rain decreases b.) the chances of precipitation increase c.) the temperatures grow colder d.) the temperature is warmer

d.) the temperature is warmer

All of the following are emergent properties at the population level of organization EXCEPT __________. sex ratio number of living things in an area interactions with abiotic factors patterns of dispersion

interactions with abiotic factors

Large rocks at the back of a beach cause the wind speed to slow. Windblown sand begins to drop and build small sand piles, which create another windbreak and more sand is deposited. Gradually, salt-tolerant grasses will begin to stabilize the sand dune with a vast network of root systems. The process described is called __________. community ecology secondary succession primary succession ecosystems ecology

primary succession

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis? A honeybee takes pollen from a flower. A blue jay uses a nest built by another jay. Bats snatch mosquitoes out of the air. Rabbits and deer both consume grass.

A honeybee takes pollen from a flower.

Select the example of an invasive species. Introduced zebra mussels disrupt the food chain by eating plankton that is food for many fish The domestic cat came out of Egypt thousands of years ago The koala is only found in Australia White-tailed deer thrive in a forest with a wolf population

Introduced zebra mussels disrupt the food chain by eating plankton that is food for many fish

Select the statement that is NOT true about the impact of an invasive species on an ecosystem. It can negatively affect the health of an ecosystem. It can stabilize the populations of native species. It can cause an ecosystem to be less productive. It can change the natural balance in an ecosystem.

It can stabilize the populations of native species.

Which statement is true about energy and trophic levels within a food web? It is more effective to eat organisms at lower trophic levels. Each trophic level receives about 24% of the energy of the preceding level. Energy transfer between trophic levels is a highly efficient process. There is no limit to the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.

It is more effective to eat organisms at lower trophic levels.

Choose the statement below that correctly links an area's physical features to its climate. It gets warmer the farther away you move from large bodies of water. The closer you get to the equator, the colder it gets. The higher the elevation, the warmer it gets. Land areas far from large bodies of water have little precipitation.

Land areas far from large bodies of water have little precipitation.

Select the example of a secondary consumer Lions chase and eat gazelle Cattle graze in a pasture Plankton absorbs the sunlight A clump of mushrooms grows in the forest

Lions chase and eat gazelle

Which of the following examples corresponds with native species? a.) Chickens were domesticated in Southeast Asia around 5,400 BC; they were first brought to the Americas around 3,300 years ago. b.) Many birds in New Zealand evolved to have very small or completely useless wings; they had no need to fly because there were no mammals to prey on them. c.) Originally from Japan, Kudzu was introduced to the U.S. as a fast-growing vine to curb soil erosion; it has spread across the South and covers about 150,000 acres each year. d.) Asian carp were brought to the U.S. to eat excess algae from ponds but found their way into rivers; the fish eat plankton, the diet of many smaller fish, and can grow to be 100 pounds.

Many birds in New Zealand evolved to have very small or completely useless wings; they had no need to fly because there were no mammals to prey on them

Choose the statement below that correctly explains the nitrogen fixation process. Fertilizers are needed to fix nitrogen so it is usable; they allow the nitrogen to be absorbed by plants and passed on to the animals that eat them. Micro-organisms in the roots of certain plants take nitrogen from the air and pass it on to the animals that use it to build DNA, proteins and muscle. Nitrogen is found in DNA and amino acids, which are released through animal urination and absorbed by bacteria in the soil. When animals die, nitrogen is formed by decomposers in the soil; bacteria attach themselves to plant roots and release the nitrogen into the atmosphere.

Micro-organisms in the roots of certain plants take nitrogen from the air and pass it on to the animals that use it to build DNA, proteins and muscle.

According to the graph shown here, in which month is the "carrying capacity" first reached? Month 6 Month 5 Month 4 Month 7

Month 6

Which option demonstrates a sustainable use of natural resources, rather than over-exploitation? Central Africa lost 64% of its elephants in a decade to the ivory trade. Global demand for alligator skin to make clothing, shoes, and bags increases every year. New technology reduces unwanted fish that are caught in nets and returns them to the ocean. Orchid smuggling is contributing to the loss of many orchid species in the wild.

New technology reduces unwanted fish that are caught in nets and returns them to the ocean.

Choose the statement about nitrogen and nitrogen fixation that is FALSE. The roots of certain plants contain microorganisms that absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere and pass it on to animals. When an animal dies, microorganisms convert the nitrogen in its proteins and muscles into a form that plants can eat. Nitrogen makes up about 22% of the atmosphere and is an important biological compound found in DNA. Nitrogen in the atmosphere is not useable, so it needs to be "fixed" to be of benefit to plants and animals.

Nitrogen makes up about 22% of the atmosphere and is an important biological compound found in DNA.

Choose the list that has the correct order for the levels of organization in ecology. Organism, population, habitat, niche, ecosystem Organism, population, habitat, community, biosphere Organism, niche, population, community, ecosystem Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Choose the one element below that is NOT a result of deforestation. Loss of cropland Extinction of plants and animals Population growth Climate change

Population growth

Which list correctly orders the examples of organism, population, community and ecosystem? Rabbit, nest of rabbits, wolf pack, arctic tundra Seahorse, sponges, group of turtles, coral reef Prairie dog, family of prairie dogs, animals on the prairie, prairie Den of desert foxes, kangaroo rats, cacti and sand, desert

Prairie dog, family of prairie dogs, animals on the prairie, prairie

Which characteristic is representative of an exponential population growth model? Produces an S-shaped curve Shows the effect of limiting factors Reflects a population's carrying capacity Reflects growth in an ideal situation

Reflects growth in an ideal situation

Which of the following is a renewable source? Oil Coal Metals Sunlight

Sunlight

Choose the statement that is NOT true about conditions within the given biome. Grassland biomes do not have enough precipitation to support many trees. Temperate forest biomes have four seasons. Tropical rainforests are located near the equator and are hot and humid. Taiga biomes exist only in the northern hemisphere.

Taiga biomes exist only in the northern hemisphere.

Choose the statement that is NOT true about energy and trophic levels. Ten is considered the maximum number of trophic levels in an ecosystem. Sunlight provides the energy for primary productivity. Photosynthesis converts sunlight into sugars. Secondary production introduces no additional energy into the food chain.

Ten is considered the maximum number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Which statement prizes species for their intrinsic value, rather than for their ecosystem services? Bees are valuable because they pollinate many foods that humans eat. This lake should be protected because it attracts thousands of tourists every year. Redwoods must be preserved because they inspire awe. The cheetah should be protected because it is the fastest land animal in the world.

The cheetah should be protected because it is the fastest land animal in the world.

Choose the example of a producer in the food chain. A gull that eats a grasshopper A grasshopper that eats grass Fungi that develop on a fallen log Tomatoes that grow in a garden

Tomatoes that grow in a garden

According to the graph shown here, which two biomes receive the least amount of precipitation? Tundra and taiga Tundra and desert Temperate grasslands and savanna Temperate grasslands and steppes

Tundra and desert

On the graph shown here, the carrying capacity for pheasants is less than ___________.The first time the pheasant population reached carrying capacity was in the year __________. a.) 2,000; 1946 b.) 800; 1941 c.) 1,600; 1951 d.) 1,200; 1956

a.) 2,000; 1946

Which of the following activities corresponds to overexploitation? a.) A fish species is harvested until it becomes extinct. b.) A technology advancement returns unwanted fish to the ocean. c.) Elk hunting in North America is heavily restricted to protect this species. d.) New carp are brought in to replace the carp that are harvested from a fish farm.

a.) A fish species is harvested until it becomes extinct.

Which of the following is an example of competition? a.) A red fox and a bull snake both try to eat a mouse. b.) A Siberian tiger hunts for salmon in the river. c.) A tapeworm lives in the human digestive tract. d.) A red-bill oxpecker eats flies off the back of a zebra.

a.) A red fox and a bull snake both try to eat a mouse.

Which of the following organisms is a decomposer? a.) A shiitake mushroom b.) A Bengal tiger c.) A copperhead snake d.) A phytoplankton

a.) A shiitake mushroom

Which of the following organisms is a producer? a.) A willow tree b.) A jackrabbit c.) An earthworm d.) A leopard seal

a.) A willow tree

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Algae, Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria b.) Fish, Seal, Algae, Shrimp, Bacteria c.) Bacteria, Seal, Fish, Shrimp, Algae d.) Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria, Algae

a.) Algae, Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria

How does carbon move throughout the environment? a.) Plants use oxygen from the atmosphere to produce glucose. b.) Carbon is captured by plants using photosynthesis, absorbed by animals and released through cellular respiration. c.) All living things are made of hydrogen compounds, which can be recycled. d.) All energy comes from the process of fixation, in which plants capture light from the sun.

b.) Carbon is captured by plants using photosynthesis, absorbed by animals and released through cellular respiration.

Species can be valued for their ecosystem services or intrinsic value. Which of the following statements values species for their intrinsic value? a.) Paula volunteered to help plant trees in her city to help regulate air quality. b.) Chickens should not have to live their lives trapped in a cage. c.) An elementary school class takes a field trip to a pond to study its frog population. d.) Alberto uses alpaca wool to knit sweaters because customers demand its quality.

b.) Chickens should not have to live their lives trapped in a cage.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the transfer of energy in an ecosystem? a.) Energy is recycled repeatedly by organisms in an ecosystem. b.) Energy is transferred from producers to consumers in one direction. c.) The organisms at the top of the energy pyramid receive more energy than those at the bottom. d.) Compared to large animals, small animals receive less of the available energy.

b.) Energy is transferred from producers to consumers in one direction.

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom, Flower b.) Flower, Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom c.) Mushroom, Snake, Frog, Butterfly, Flower d.) Snake, Flower, Frog, Mushroom, Butterfly

b.) Flower, Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom

Which of the following environmental events is a result of an invasive species? a.) The health and productivity of an ecosystem are improved. b.) Humans can be exposed to unknown pathogens. c.) Biodiversity increases. d.) Native species thrive or are reinstated.

b.) Humans can be exposed to unknown pathogens.

Species can be valued for their ecosystem services or intrinsic value. Which of the following statements values species for their intrinsic value? a.) Willow trees should be conserved as they provide shade. b.) Rainforests must be protected because we can make medicines from the plants. c.) An elephant has the right to exist in its natural habitat. d.) Water birds are lovely and are often the subject of beautiful paintings.

c.) An elephant has the right to exist in its natural habitat.

In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer? a.) Energy transfers from top to bottom and decreases at each level. b.) Energy transfers from top to bottom and increases at each level. c.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and decreases at each level. d.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and increases at each level.

c.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and decreases at each level.

Which of the following statements is true about extinctions? a.) Keystone species rarely become extinct. b.) Extinctions happened at a higher rate in the past. c.) Extinctions can be natural or man-made events. d.) The main cause of extinction is pollution.

c.) Extinctions can be natural or man-made events.

Which of the following is a negative impact of deforestation? a.) Deforestation leads to the potential for infectious disease threats. b.) Deforestation has led to the preservation of animals and plants on a large scale. c.) Forest destruction disrupts rainfall patterns for croplands. d.) Forest lands are cleared so they can sustain more life.

c.) Forest destruction disrupts rainfall patterns for croplands.

Which of the following descriptions corresponds with conservation biology? a.) Protection and management of natural resources b.) Consideration of both the living and non-living components of an ecosystem c.) Has the intention of protecting biodiversity d.) Has the intention of repairing damaged or destroyed ecosystems

c.) Has the intention of protecting biodiversity

__________, which is an essential biological compound found in DNA and amino acids that make up proteins, occurs in the atmosphere in an unusable form. This element must undergo the process of __________, which is facilitated by bacteria in the roots of plants. a.) Hydrogen; transpiration b.) Hydrogen; photosynthesis c.) Nitrogen; fixation d.) Nitrogen; transpiration

c.) Nitrogen; fixation

__________ is an atmospheric gas that is an important biological compound, but it must be fixed to be usable by life forms. Microorganisms that can do this are housed in the __________ of certain plants, such as clover and peanuts. a.) Carbon dioxide; leaves b.) Nitrogen; stems c.) Nitrogen; roots d.) Carbon dioxide; seeds

c.) Nitrogen; roots

Which of the following statements is true about endangered species policy in the United States? a.) The private sector is exempt from observing federal regulations regarding threatened or endangered species. b.) Restrictions on human activities are only enforced by local governments. c.) The Endangered Species Act places restrictions on activities that may threaten a listed species' habitat. d.) Endangered species are defined as plant and animal species that have been removed from their habitat.

c.) The Endangered Species Act places restrictions on activities that may threaten a listed species' habitat.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the ecosystem level of organization? a.) The types of ecosystems b.) The differences between organisms within a species c.) The interactions between communities d.) The relative abundance of species SUBMIT MY ANSWER

c.) The interactions between communities

Which of the following activities would be an example of overexploitation? a.) A forest's best trees are left standing until younger, healthy trees begin to grow beneath them. b.) A group of hunters kill several deer in a forest with an abundant deer population. c.) The only parrot native to the eastern U.S. was hunted to extinction for its feathers. d.) A hundred acres of corn is fully harvested.

c.) The only parrot native to the eastern U.S. was hunted to extinction for its feathers.

Which of the following descriptions corresponds with temperate forest biomes? a.) These are near the equator and have tall grasses but few trees. b.) These are hot and humid with much rainfall. c.) These are where most of the human population lives. d.) These are cold grasslands with little precipitation.

c.) These are where most of the human population lives.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the exponential population growth model? a.) This growth model produces an S-shaped line. b.) This growth model takes into account limited resources. c.) This growth model may not always be realistic. d.) This growth model notes the population size that an ecosystem can sustainably support.

c.) This growth model may not always be realistic.

Each trophic level captures only about 10% of the level that precedes it, while the rest is __________. a.) gained as metabolic heat due to efficiencies of energy b.) more efficient to consume organisms at higher trophic levels c.) lost as metabolic heat due to inefficiencies of energy d.) biologically unusable energy (sugars) that is not passed on

c.) lost as metabolic heat due to inefficiencies of energy

An invasive species can ___________. a.) increase agriculture health and botanical gardens b.) have many natural predators, competitors, parasites or diseases c.) threaten or endanger native species d.) boost ecosystem health and productivity

c.) threaten or endanger native species

Animals get nitrogen from eating plants and use it to build DNA, proteins and muscle. Animals pass nitrogen on through __________.When an animal dies, bacteria break down the nitrogen into a form that __________ can consume. a.) urination; protozoans b.) defecation; fungi c.) urination; plants d.) defecation; insects

c.) urination; plants

Life on the planet is made possible by a particular arrangement and balance of many systems. One example is the geologic system, which includes __________. a.) photosynthesis b.) carbon, water and nitrogen cycles c.) climate and water systems d.) food chains and food webs

carbon, water and nitrogen cycles

Which of the following examples relates to non-native species? a.) Oolong beetles bred in the lab cannot reproduce in the wild and have no natural protections against predators or disease. b.) Birds such as the loa and the kiwi evolved in isolated New Zealand with no natural enemies, so they built nests on the ground and did not fly. c.) The Pacific yew tree that grows along the coast from northern California into Canada has thin, scaly bark that contains a chemical with anti-cancer properties. d.) A certain beetle species was released in southern Maine to keep the unwanted loosestrife plant from spreading.

d.) A certain beetle species was released in southern Maine to keep the unwanted loosestrife plant from spreading.

Which of the following descriptions corresponds with the tundra biome? a.) Most grazing animals live here. b.) Animals are smaller here and typically nocturnal. c.) There is little to no topsoil and few nutrients here. d.) A layer of permafrost is here all year.

d.) A layer of permafrost is here all year.

A new housing development was built at the end of a newly constructed highway. Forests with a population of black bears surrounded both sides of the new development. Select the most likely outcome of this habitat fragmentation on the local bear population. a.) The bears may be captured and relocated to ensure their survival. b.) The bear population may move deeper into the forest. c.) The bears may break into two separate populations. d.) Bears may be restricted from food access and breeding opportunities.

d.) Bears may be restricted from food access and breeding opportunities.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the exponential population growth model? a.) Limited by carrying capacity b.) Restricted by number of resources c.) Reflects realistic limits d.) Demonstrates growth potential

d.) Demonstrates growth potential

Which of the following is the main goal of restoration ecology? a.) Determine ways photosynthesis interacts with parasites b.) Determine ways to conserve biodiversity c.) Determine ways to address habitat needs of the species with minimal human involvement d.) Determine ways to restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems.

d.) Determine ways to restore damaged or destroyed ecosystems.

Which of the following is an effort to lessen the negative impacts of deforestation? a.) Deregulation of logging practices b.) Cutting trees c.) Fewer educational programs d.) Establish nature preserves

d.) Establish nature preserves

Which of the following is an example of predation? a.) Two species of barnacles vie for living space on a rocky shore. b.) Algae lives on a crab's back and its color camouflages the crab. c.) The bat-eared fox develops extra teeth and oversized ears. d.) Hyenas chase and kill a small gazelle.

d.) Hyenas chase and kill a small gazelle.

Which of the following statements is considered a challenge to protecting endangered species? a.) Overemphasis on endangered ecosystems. b.) Legislation does not exist in the United States to protect species identified as endangered. c.) The animal's habitat may be unknown. d.) Scientist focus on one species and not the entire ecosystem.

d.) Scientist focus on one species and not the entire ecosystem.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the population level of organization? a.) The geographical distribution of species in relation to each other b.) The number of communities c.) The interactions between ecosystems d.) The relative number of different ages of a species

d.) The relative number of different ages of a species

Which of the following descriptions corresponds with the taiga biome? a.) This is an area with the lowest temperatures of all the biomes. b.) This is an area that receives the most precipitation. c.) This is an area with tall grasses, but few trees. d.) This is an area where many animals hibernate.

d.) This is an area where many animals hibernate.