ENVS 1126 Edward Laws Final LSU

1-2 inches per 100 years

Chapter 11: Topsoil accumulates at the rate of _______________.

hydric

Chapter 11: Which one of the following kinds of soil would you expect to find in a wetland?

1850-1900

During which period of time was the first sewage treatment plant built in the United States?

NO

Emissions of which one of the following gases as a result of fossil fuel burning leads to the production of ozone in the troposphere?

There is less water vapor in the atmosphere at high latitudes than at low latitudes

Further increases of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to warm temperatures more at high latitudes than at low latitudes because

dieldrin

Golden eagle populations in England recovered after use of _______was terminated in sheep dips.

using sheep to eat the grass

How was the city of Curitiba able to minimize the cost of keeping the grass trimmed in its greatly expanded system of municipal parks?

breakdown of detritus

The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by

transpiration

The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called

20-29%

What percentage of municipal solid waste in the United States is recycled?

polar ice and glaciers

Which one of the following accounts for the most freshwater on Earth?

ozone

Which one of the following air pollutants is not a primary pollutant?

India

Which one of the following countries has the lowest median age?

ozone

Which one of the following gases is primarily responsible for the fact that the temperature of the stratosphere increases with increasing altitude?

An influx of middle-class people displaces poor residents from a formerly deteriorating neighborhood where homes and businesses were repaired and rebuilt

Which one of the following is an example of gentrification?

Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii

Which one of the following is an example of primary succession?

Introduction of parasitic wasps to control gypsy moths

Which one of the following is not an example of cultural control of a pest?

Drought

Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium?

Melting of the ice floating on the Arctic Ocean

Which one of the following mechanisms is expected to cause temperatures during the 21st century to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere?

The site of a former service station is abandoned because the underground fuel tanks below the site were found to have developed leaks

Which one of the following scenarios would be characterized as a brownfield?

Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30 degrees latitude

Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell?

The city pays the bus companies on the basis of how far the buses travel each day

Why did the idea of using bus tokens to pay people from favelas for bringing in trash to a central location cost the city of Curitiba nothing?

Cuba

chapter 12 Which one of the following countries is the only country in the world with extensive government-supported urban agriculture?

beef

chapter 12 Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce?

Jimmy Carter

chapter 12 Who said, "Responsible biotechnology is not the enemy: starvation is"

natural gas

chapter 14 Most electric power plants built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy?

oil shale

chapter 14 The United States has extensive deposits of ________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil.

Canada

chapter 14 Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States?

slow neutrons

chapter 15 In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?

Yucca Mountain, Nevada

chapter 15 The site recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for long-term disposal of radioactive waste from the nuclear power industry in the United States is

France

chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?

control the rate of the chain reaction

chapter 15 Which one of the following is not one of the purposes of pumping water through the core of a nuclear reactor fueled with uranium-235?

can be used to heat and cool buildings

chapter 16 Geothermal heat pumps

heroin

chapter 17 Sharing of needles by drug addicts is especially associated with which one of the following drugs?

fentanyl

chapter 17 The opioid analgesic that has been primarily responsible for the recent surge in deaths related to drug overdoses in the United States is _______.

A

chapter 17 Which one of the dose-effect curves shown below correctly describes what public health authorities assume to be the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of cancer?

Japanese citizens living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki when the atomic bombs were dropped develop cancer 35 years later as a result of the large doses of radiation they received when the bombs exploded.

chapter 17 Which one of the following is not an example of the consequences of chronic exposure?

smoking

chapter 17 Which one of the following is the greatest lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States?

minimum . . . maximum

chapter 18 According to Milankovitch theory, the coolest summers in the northern hemisphere should occur when the tilt angle of Earth's axis of rotation is a _______________ and the ellipticity of Earth's orbit around the Sun is a _______________.

100,000 years

chapter 18 During the Quaternary Ice Age, the period of the glacial-interglacial cycles has been about ____________ years.

water vapor

chapter 18 Which one of the following gases accounts for the greatest percentage of the greenhouse effect globally?

NO

chapter 19 Ozone concentrations accumulate in air if volatile organic carbon compounds react with which one of the following?

An increase of aluminum concentrations and decrease of calcium concentrations in soil

chapter 19 Reduced tree growth in the United States caused by acid precipitation during the 1980s was associated with

convert sulfur dioxide to hydrogen sulfide

chapter 19 The catalytic converter on automobiles is not intended to do which one of the following?

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

chapter 19 Which one of the following gases is believed to have no ozone-depleting potential?

melting the ice on the Arctic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocean

chapter 2 : Temperatures are projected to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere by the end of this century because ________________ .

Compliance with environmental regulations

chapter 2 : Which one of the following accounts for the smallest percentage of the US federal budget?

at least a factor of 50

chapter 20 If the BOD of raw sewage is 200 ppm, by how much would that water have to be diluted to prevent the oxygen in a stream from dropping from 10 ppm to less than 6 ppm?

99.98%

chapter 20 In the United States, raw wastewater is about ___________ pure water.

Diverting treated sewage effluents to Puget Sound

chapter 20 The eutrophication of Lake Washington was mitigated by which one of the following methods?

Cuyahoga

chapter 20 Which one of the following rivers that discharge into Lake Erie has repeatedly caught fire in the past because of the large amounts of industrial organic pollutants that were discharged into it?

Only plastic with a code of 2

chapter 21 A plastic container with a code of 2 (high-density polyethylene) may be combined for recycling purposes with which one the following?

source reduction and reuse

chapter 21 In EPA's waste management hierarchy, which one of the following is given the highest priority?

methane and carbon dioxide

chapter 21 The principal gases in the biogas produced in a landfill are

Burning of coal and oil by fossil fuel power plants

chapter 22 In the United States, the principal source of mercury emissions to the environment is

3 mg/kg for 20 days

chapter 22 Suppose that a potentially toxic substance was added to the feed of experimental mice. Which one of the following scenarios would be associated with the largest dose of the toxic substance?

POPs are very soluble in water

chapter 22 Which one of the following is not in part responsible for the high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife and humans living in the Arctic?

RCRA

chapter 22 Your neighbor, who owns a vacant lot, is allowing people to dispose of items such as old refrigerators, broken-down cars, and discarded batteries in his lot. Your neighbor has no license to operate a solid waste disposal facility. He could be prosecuted under which one of the following pieces of federal legislation?

Symbiosis

Amensalism is an example of

light

At a depth of 200 meters in the Gulf of Mexico, which one of the following factors is most limiting to the photosynthetic production of organic matter?

by nitrogen fixation and lost by either anammox or denitrification

Biologically available nitrogen can be added to aquatic systems

northwest

If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the

both A and B benefit from the relationship

If the relationship between species A and B is mutualistic, __________ .

China and India

In which two of the following countries are the greatest numbers of people living on less than $10 per day?

100%

Over the next 30 years, roughly what percentage of the world's net population growth is expected to occur in urban areas?

500 ppm

The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?

Wind and solar photovoltaic

The fastest-growing forms of renewable energy for electricity production in the world are

Milankovitch cycles

The glacial-interglacial cycles that have taken place during the current ice age are believed to be caused by oscillations in the characteristics of Earth's rotation about its rotational axis and in its orbit around the Sun. These cyclic oscillations are called

weak acids

The roots of plants accelerate the weathering (chemical breakdown) of rocks by releasing _________ .

paper and paperboard

The single largest component of municipal solid waste in the United States is

childhood leukemia

chapter 1 : Rosy periwinkles produce two compounds that have been used to treat

At the end of winter

chapter 1 : The figure below shows concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from the late 1950s to the present time. In addition to the long term trend of increasing CO2 concentrations, the concentrations also oscillate up and down by several parts per million on an annual basis. At what time of the year would you expect the concentrations to be highest?

Security

chapter 1 : Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method?

Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean

chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to

Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high

chapter 10 Which of the following reasons explains why most farmers in the United States do not irrigate their crops via drip irrigation?

aquifers

chapter 10 Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?

Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases

chapter 10 Which one of the following statements is not true?

33%

chapter 12 Approximately what percentage of the world's croplands are used to feed domestic animals?

I and III

chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?

remove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff

chapter 3: Ecologist Eckhard wants to stop the algal blooms in City Park Lake by reducing the inputs of essential nutrients to the lake from stormwater runoff. Which one of the following strategies would have the least effect on the algal blooms?

400

chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now?

Cattle egret

chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of a parasite?

Male songbirds sing to defend their territory during the nesting season

chapter 4 : Which one of the following is not an example of resource partitioning?

R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time

chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true?

plants and climate

chapter 5 : Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of

2

chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 3 is 18 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1?

H

chapter 6 : Hardening of urban streams in the name of flood control is an example of which one of the letters of the acronym HIPPO?

dental fillings

chapter 6 : In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is

China

chapter 6 : The outbreak of Southern Corn Leaf Blight in 1970 in the United States was dealt with by importing corn from _____________ that was resistant to the fungus that causes the disease.

rice, wheat, and corn

chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are

Rio Grande River and Florida Everglades

chapter 7 : Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system?

open access

chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights is associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?

bowhead

chapter 7 : Which one of the following species of whales is currently being taken in small numbers each year by Alaskan Eskimos?

20% in country A and 15% in country B

chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-43 years inclusive?

Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased.

chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is not true?

The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition

chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is true?

immigration into the United States

chapter 9 : The United States and China have virtually identical fertility rates (1.7) and median ages (38.35). How, then, would you account for the fact that the population of China is projected to decrease between now and the end of this century, whereas the population of the United States is projected to increase?

Remittances

chapter 9 : Which one of the following accounted for the greatest amount of U.S economic contributions to developing countries in 2010-2011?

Communicable diseases

chapter 9 : Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?