ENVS 1126 Exam 2 Review

The fastest-growing forms of renewable energy for electricity production in the world are a. Solar photovoltaic and biomass b. Wind and hydroelectric c. Hydroelectric and biomass d. Wind and solar photovoltaic

Wind and solar photovoltaic

chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are Select one: a. wheat, corn, and soybeans b. corn, soybeans, and rice c. soybeans, rice, and wheat d. rice, wheat, and corn

rice, wheat, and corn

chapter 1 : The figure below shows concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from the late 1950s to the present time. In addition to the long term trend of increasing CO2 concentrations, the concentrations also oscillate up and down by several parts per million on an annual basis. At what time of the year would you expect the concentrations to be highest? Select one: a. In the middle of the summer b. In the middle of winter c. At the end of winter d. At the end of summer

At the end of winter

chapter 16 The forms of renewable energy that currently account for the greatest amount of renewable energy production in the United States are Select one: a. Hydropower and solar photovoltaic b. wind and biomass c. Biomass and hydropower d. Solar photovoltaic and wind

Biomass and hydropower

chapter 11 Which one of the following soil horizons does not contain humus? Select one: a. O b. E c. C d. A

C

chapter 14 Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States? Select one: a. Mexico b. Venezuela c. Saudi Arabia d. Canada

Canada

In which two of the following countries are the greatest numbers of people living on less than $10 per day? a. Pakistan and Afghanistan b. Afghanistan and China c. China and India d. India and Pakistan

China and India

chapter 16 The two countries that account for the greatest amount of ethanol production as a fuel are Select one: a. China and Brazil b. USA and Brazil c. Cuba and China d. USA and Cuba

USA and Brazil

chapter 14 Carbon dioxide emissions by which one of the following countries have decreased the most since 2005? Select one: a. China b. Russia c. United States d. India

United States

chapter 12 Which of the following countries have the largest areas of arable land? Select one: a. Brazil and China b. United States and India c. China and United States d. Brazil and India

United States and India

chapter 15 Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants? Select one: a. France b. USA c. China d. Russia

France

chapter 14 Most electric power plants built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy? Select one: a. coal b. nuclear energy c. oil d. natural gas

natural gas

chapter 14 The United States has extensive deposits of ________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil. Select one: a. oil shale b. shale gas c. bitumen d. tar sands

oil shale

chapter 11 What is the principal reason that western rangelands in the United States produce less than half the livestock forage that they did in the early 19th century? Select one: a. overgrazing b. failure to rotate crops c. overcultivation d. overdrafting of aquifers

overgrazing

chapter 11 Which one of the following soils would you expect to find in a tropical rain forest? Select one: a. mollisol b. oxisol c. aridisol d. alfisol

oxisol

During which period of time was the first sewage treatment plant built in the United States? a. 1900-1950 b. 1750-1800 c. 1850-1900 d. 1800-1850

1850-1900

chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition b. The demographic transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition c. The fertility transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition d. The demographic transition has preceded the fertility transition

The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition

chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 3 is 18 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1? Select one: a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 2

2

chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 21-40 years inclusive? Select one: a. 33% in country A and 25% in country B b. 15% in country A and 20% in country B c. 25% in country A and 33% in country B d. 20% in country A and 15% in country B

33% in country A and 25% in country B

chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now? Select one: a. 300 b. 200 c. 400 d. 500

400

Geothermal power plants provide electricity for __________ people in the United States. Select one: a. 500,000 b. 5,000 c. 50,000 d. 5 million

5 million

chapter 9 : In approximately how many countries is the rate of maternal mortality lower than it is in the United States? Select one: a. 25 b. 50 c. 5 d. 10

50

chapter 12 In country X, the supply of calories averages 100% of the minimum daily requirement. Of the people living in country X, what percentage is likely to have calorie-deficient diets? Select one: a. 75% b. 50% c. 25% d. 0%

50%

The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)? Select one: a. 2500 ppm b. 100 ppm c. 20 ppm d. 500 ppm

500 ppm

chapter 11 Which one of the following soil horizons is also called topsoil? Select one: a. A b. B c. C d. E

A

chapter 9 : Which one of the following was not part of China's one-child policy? Select one: a. Additional food rations for same-sex couples b. Housing preferences for one-child families c. Monthly subsidy for one-child families d. Job priority for only children

Additional food rations for same-sex couples

chapter 8 : Which one of the following countries has the shortest life expectancy? Select one: a. United States b. Sweden c. Japan d. Switzerland

United States

chapter 14 Which one of the following countries has the lowest per capita energy consumption? Select one: a. China b. United States c. Canada d. Germany

China

chapter 9 : Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world? Select one: a. Communicable diseases b. Injuries c. Cancer d. Cardiovascular diseases

Communicable diseases

chapter 14 Which one of the following energy policies would not encourage use of natural gas and oil? Select one: a. Carbon tax b. Corporate tax rebates for installation of combined cycle power plants c. Corporate tax rebates for installation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants d. Cap and trade on CO2 emissions

Corporate tax rebates for installation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants

chapter 13 Which one of the following is not a technique used in integrated pest management? Select one: a. Planting of refuge crops b. Destruction of crop residues c. Crop rotation d. Cosmetic spraying

Cosmetic spraying

chapter 13 Which one of the following has been shown to most adversely affect the reproduction of birds? Select one: a. DDP b .DDT c. DDD d. DDE

DDE

Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium? Select one: a. Disease b. Drought c. Predation d. Food supply

Drought

chapter 9 : Which one of the following is not among the conditions conducive to small families? Select one: a. High cost of raising children b. Early age at marriage c. Educational opportunities for women d. Social security system

Early age at marriage

chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method? Select one: a. Through our powers of observation, manipulation, and reason, we can discover and understand the basic principles and natural laws by which the universe functions b. Every result has a cause, and every event in turn will cause other events c. What we perceive with our five senses represents an objective reality, not some kind of dream or mirage d. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

chapter 10 On which of the following continents is more water used for industrial purposes than for agriculture? Select one: a. Africa b. South America c. Asia d. Europe

Europe

chapter 16 Which one of the following regions of the world has the greatest installed PV panel electricity generating capacity? Select one: a. Europe b. North and South America c. China d. Middle East and Africa

Europe

chapter 10 In which one of the following states is groundwater not being withdrawn faster than it is being naturally replenished? Select one: a. Nebraska b. Ohio c. California d. Florida

Florida

chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics? Select one: a. II and III b. I and III c. I, II, and III d. I and II

I and III

Which one of the following is not an example of cultural control of a pest? Select one: a. Elimination of barberry, an alternate host for wheat rust b. Planting hedgerows and shelterbelts to provide refuges for natural pest enemies c. Introduction of parasitic wasps to control gypsy moths d. Rotating crops so that pests of the first crop cannot feed on the second crop

Introduction of parasitic wasps to control gypsy moths

chapter 12 Who said, "Responsible biotechnology is not the enemy: starvation is" Select one: a. Muhammad Yunus b. Wangari Maathai c. Jimmy Carter d. Malala Yousafzai

Jimmy Carter

Which one of the following is an example of primary succession? Select one: a. Trees reappear on the slopes of Mount St. Helens after the fallout of volcanic ash kills all the above-ground vegetation b. Grasses emerge from the soil after saltwater from a tsunami kills all above-ground vegetation in a meadow c. Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii d. After a forest fire, pine trees grow from seeds that were protected beneath pine needles

Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii

chapter 11 Which of the following are two of the negative aspects of no-till agriculture? Select one: a. Is restricted to perennial crops and results in lower crop yields b. Results in lower crop yields and may increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues c. May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides d. Requires use of herbicides and is restricted to perennial crops

May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides

chapter 14 Which one of the following sources of energy is not used by electric power plants that generate electricity by boiling water? Select one: a. Oil b. Nuclear energy c. Natural gas d. Coal

Natural gas

chapter 8 : The fertility rate in Burkino Faso has exceeded the replacement rate for many years and is currently about 5.1. if the fertility rate were to suddenly drop to the replacement rate, why would the population of Burkino Faso continue to increase? Select one: a. Recent dramatic improvements in health care b. Immigration from neighboring countries c. Improved nutrition from genetically modified crops d. Population momentum

Population momentum

chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true? Select one: a. R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time b. R-strategists have low biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time c. R-strategists have high biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time d. R-strategists have low biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time

R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time

chapter 10 Which one of the following is not an example of blue water? Select one: a. Groundwater b. Lake Huron c. The Mississippi River d. Rainwater taken up by plants

Rainwater taken up by plants

chapter 10 Which one of the following statements is not true? Select one: a. Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases b. Globally about 15-20% of all electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams c. Roughly 800 million people do not have access to safe drinking water d. Globally about 2 billion people do not have access to adequate sanitation services

Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases

chapter 1 : Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future? Select one: a. Sound science b. Security c. Stewardship d. Sustainability

Security

If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the Southern Hemisphere would blow from the Select one: a. southwest b. northwest c. southeast d. northeast

Southwest

chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to Select one: a. Slow the hydrologic cycle and speed up the thermohaline circulation of the ocean b. Speed up the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean c. Slow the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean d. Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean

Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean

chapter 9 : Which one of the following statements describes what happens when countries pass through the fertility transition? Select one: a. The dependency ratio increases and remains high b. The dependency ratio increases and then decreases c. The dependency ratio decreases and then increases d. The dependency ratio decreases and remains low

The dependency ratio decreases and then increases

C 9 : Which one of the following statements is not true about the Grameen Bank? Select one: a. The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men b. The payback rate on the loans has exceeded 97% c. Recipients of the loans form credit associations d. It loans small amounts of money to poor people

The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men

chapter 9 : Cabbages and Condoms is Select one: a. A nonprofit with a goal of improving nutrition and reproductive health b. Two ways to avoid unwanted pregnancies c. The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand d. Two ways to minimize the likelihood of contracting HIV through casual sex

The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand

chapter 8. The population profile of a hypothetical country is shown below. The vertical axis is age, and the lower and upper dashed lines correspond to ages of 15 and 65, respectively. The horizontal axis indicates the number of males (blue) and females (pink) in the population. This population profile indicates which one of the following: Select one: a. The population is decreasing b. Women live longer than men in this country. c. The population is increasing. d. The population is stable.

The population is decreasing

chapter 13 Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the results of using pesticides in agriculture globally? Select one: a. The quantity of crops lost to pests has increased and the percentage of crops lost to pests has increased b. The quantity of crops lost to pests has decreased but the percentage of crops lost to pests has increased c. The quantity of crops lost to pests has decreased and the percentage of crops lost to pests has decreased d. The quantity of crops lost to pests has increased but the percentage of crops lost to pests has decreased

The quantity of crops lost to pests has increased and the percentage of crops lost to pests has increased

chapter 15 The site recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for long-term disposal of radioactive waste from the nuclear power industry in the United States is Select one: a. Yucca Mountain, Nevada b. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, New Mexico c. The San Andreas Fault near Palm Springs, California d. The sediments at the bottom of the ocean within the territorial waters of the United States off the coast of California

Yucca Mountain, Nevada

chapter 12 Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce? Select one: a. pork b. beef c. poultry d. dairy

beef

chapter 13 The principal concern with the use of neonicotinoid insecticides is their adverse effects on _________. Select one: a. birds b. bees c. amphibians d. fish

bees

chapter 12 Golden rice is a cultivar of rice that was genetically modified to address problems associated with diets that are deficient in vitamin A. Golden rice is enriched with which one of the following? Select one: a. astaxanthin b. lutein c. beta carotene d. zeaxanthin

beta carotene

chapter 16 Biodiesel is a fuel made from a mixture of normal diesel fuel and oil from Select one: a. oil palms b. soybeans c. canola d. corn

canola

Golden eagle populations in England recovered after use of _______was terminated in sheep dips. Select one: a. aldicarb b. parathion c. DDT d. dieldrin

dieldrin

chapter 15 How many fissile isotopes are there? Select one: a. 10-20 b. fewer than 5 c. more than 20 d. 5-10

fewer than 5

chapter 15 Most of the human deaths attributable to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union were Select one: a. children who drank cows' milk contaminated with radioactive iodine b. Ukrainian workers who were bused in daily to work at the remaining reactor in the Chernobyl complex after the accident c. firemen who were called in to put out the fires that resulted from the accident d. the engineers who deliberately disabled the power plant's safety systems

firemen who were called in to put out the fires that resulted from the accident

chapter 10 Roughly 99% of crop irrigation globally is done by Select one: a. Surge flow and flood irrigation b. center pivot methods and drip irrigation c. drip irrigation and surge flow d. flood irrigation and center pivot methods

flood irrigation and center pivot methods

chapter 2 : Temperatures are projected to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere by the end of this century because ________________ . Select one: a. melting the ice on the Arctic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocean b. most of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide are in the northern hemisphere c. the ice on Greenland is melting d. the Arctic Ocean is almost completely surrounded by land

melting the ice on the Arctic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocean

chapter 12 The three principal greenhouse gases emitted as a result of agricultural activities are Select one: a. methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide b. ozone, methane, and carbon dioxide c. carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone d. nitrous oxide, ozone, and methane

methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide

chapter 11 Which one of the following is the best soil for agriculture? Select one: a. alfisol b. oxisol c. mollisol d. aridisol

mollisol

chapter 16 Electricity produced by which one of the following is not an example of green power? Select one: a. solar b. wind c. geothermal d. natural gas

natural gas

chapter 15 A uranium-235 fueled nuclear power plant emits about ___________ as much radioactivity as a coal-burning power plant that produces the same amount of electricity. Select one: a. 10 times b. 100 times c. one percent d. 10 percent

one percent

chapter 15 Which one of the following fissionable isotopes is produced in a breeder reactor? Select one: a. uranium-233 b. uranium-235 c. plutonium-239 d. uranium-238

plutonium-239

chapter 3: Ecologist Eckhard wants to stop the algal blooms in City Park Lake by reducing the inputs of essential nutrients to the lake from stormwater runoff. Which one of the following strategies would have the least effect on the algal blooms? Select one: a. remove half the inorganic nitrogen and half the inorganic phosphorus from the stormwater runoff b. remove all the inorganic nitrogen from the stormwater runoff c. remove all the inorganic phosphorus from the stormwater runoff d. remove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff

remove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff

chapter 12 The three crops that account for the greatest areas of farmland devoted to the production of genetically modified (GM) crops do not include which one of the following? Select one: a. rice b. corn c. canola d. soybeans

rice

chapter 15 In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator? Select one: a. prevent a runaway chain reaction b. maintain power output within a specified range c. slow neutrons d. shut down the reactor if there is a loss of cooling water

slow neutrons

chapter 11 Which one of the following terms is used to characterize the arrangement of soil particles in clumps and aggregates? Select one: a. structure b. texture c. composition d. anisotropy

structure