ENY 5006 week 13
L D 50
Toxicity is referred to by this combination
trade name
When looking at an insecticide label. this is the commercial name given by the company producing the insecticide
chemical name
When looking at an insecticide label. this is the long complicated name that describes the compound structure
insecticide
a chemical used to kill insects
trade name
a commercial, legal name under which a company does business
Insecticide Era
up until this time, insect borne diseases such as epidemic typhoid and malaria which run rampant during warfare, generally took more lives than enemy fire.
the lethal concentration to kill 50 percent of the population
what does L C 50 mean
the lethal time it takes to kill 50 percent of the population
what does L T 50 mean
how much insecticide must land on the skin to kill 50 percent
what does it mean when a dermal dose is determined.
how much insecticide must be ingested to kill 50 percent
what does it mean when an oral dose is determined.
the common name of the trade name
what name does the media call a pesticide?
common name
when looking at an insecticide label , this is the active ingredient
common name, trade name, and chemical name
when looking at an insecticide label, it will have these thee types of names
it is referring to the active ingredient, not the formulated amount
when referring to the L D 50... you need to keep in mind this.
to avoid the confusion that could occur if trade names were used and any bias towards a particular company can be avoided
why does the U S department of agriculture call insecticides by their common name when recommending pesticides for public use.
because the U S department of agriculture calls insecticides by their common name when recommending pesticides for public use.
why is is important to understand the difference between the common name the trade name and the chemical name?
Arsenic
within the insecticide, a type of inorganic: chemical element and poison used for centuries. toxic to humans
arsenic, soap, boric acid, and diatomaceous earth
within the insecticide, what are the 4 types of inorganics?
signal word
words used on the safety data sheets: "Danger" for more severe hazard categories "Warning" for less severe hazard categories "caution" for the least severe hazards
Silent Spring
1962 book by Rachel Carson that started the environmental movement
parathion and aldicarb
2 insecticides that fall under the danger caution highly toxic category are
Silent Spring
A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. written by Rachel Carlson
D D T
A colorless odorless water-insoluble crystalline insecticide that tends to accumulate in ecosystems and has toxic effects on many vertebrates; became the most widely used pesticide from WWII to the 1950's; implicated in illnesses and environmental problem; now banned in the US.
Cottony Cushion Scale
Albert kebele was sent to Australia where the this had originated to find its natural predator. he found the Vedalia beetle feeding on the scale. he brought it back and released it in California which brought the scale population to noneconomic levels
noneconomic level
Albert kebele was sent to Australia where the this had originated to find its natural predator. he found the Vedalia beetle feeding on the scale. he brought it back and released it in California which brought the scale population to this level.
Vedalia Beetle
Albert kebele was sent to Australia where the this had originated to find its natural predator. he found this beetle feeding on the scale. he brought it back and released it in California which brought the scale population to noneconomic levels
.08
If a classification has an oral L D 50 of 50 mg/kg or lower. this works out to about how many ounces per 100 pounds?
1
If a classification has an oral L D 50 of 50 mg/kg or lower. this works out to about how many teaspoons?
1 6 chloro 3 pyridinyl methyl N nitro 2 imidazolidinimine
In the insecticide label from Bayer shown what is the chemical name
Imidacloprid
In the insecticide label from Bayer shown what is the common name
3 phenoxyphenyl methyl cis trans 3 2.2 dichlorethenyl 2.2 dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
In the insecticide label from Zeneca what is the chemical name?
Ambush 25 W
In the insecticide label from Zeneca what is the trade name
Permethrin
In the insecticide label from Zeneca, what is the common name?
Moderately toxic
L D 50 between 50 to 500 oral mg/kg and between 200 to 2,000 dermal mg/kg. Signal word : warning
Slightly toxic
L D 50 between 500 to 5,000 oral mg/kg and between 2000 to 20,000 dermal mg/kg. Signal word : caution
low toxicity
L D 50 greater than 5,000 oral mg/kg and greater than 20,000 dermal mg/kg. Signal word : caution
highly toxic
L D 50 less than 50 oral mg/kg and or less than 200 dermal mg/kg. Signal words : Danger. Poison
soap
type of inorganic insecticide: obtained from fatty acids. need to contact the insect while still wet
microbe
type of insecticide, include fungus, bacteria, and virus
synthetic organic
type of insecticide, it is man made
insect growth regulator
type of insecticide, it will kill insects by affecting insect growth
fungus, bacteria, and virus
type of insecticide, these are the 3 types of microbes
botanical
type of insecticide, this type is obtained from flowers
moderately toxic. warning
How do you rank this chemical? Caffeine with oral L D 50 at 250?
Slightly toxic. Caution
How do you rank this chemical? Carbaryl with oral L D 50 at 700?
Slightly toxic. Caution
How do you rank this chemical? Malathion with oral L D 50 at 1375?
highly toxic. danger
How do you rank this chemical? Nicotine with oral L D 50 at 10?
highly toxic. danger
How do you rank this chemical? Strychnine with oral L D 50 at 30?
Slightly toxic. Caution
How do you rank this chemical? Table salt with oral L D 50 at 3750?
Slightly toxic. Caution
How do you rank this chemical? aspirin with oral L D 50 at 1,100 to 1,500?
sulfur based insecticide
Sumerians began using this in 25 hundred B C. and it is still used today.
chemical name
The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug.
common name
a very specific name given to the active ingredient of a chemical. it is similar to the scientific name of an insect
soaps, tobacco, and arsenic
around 11 hundred and 16 hundred the Chinese started using these three things to control pests. they are still being used today.
Herbs and oils
around the time of christ, the Chinese and Egyptians were using this to control insect pests
18 hundred
around this time countries started regulating and quarantining goods to inspect for pests before the goods could be unloaded and sold.
300 B C
around this time the Chinese started to monitor the emergence of pests and regulate when they planted their crops to avoid certain pests.
2,500 years B C
around this time, Sumerians began using sulfur as an insecticide
11 hundred and 16 hundred
around this time, the Chinese started using soaps, tobacco, and arsenic to control pests.
pesticide
broader term meaning a killer of pests in general. for example fungicide, herbicide, miticide, rodenticide, avicide, insecticide
common name
even if two companies produce an insecticide they each need to use this as their name
acetylcholinesterase, inhibition, nerve poison, or hormone distributor
four types of modes of contact
contact, ingestion, systemic, and inhalant
four types of modes of entry
albert kebele
he was sent to Australia where the Cottony cushion scale had originated to find its natural predator. he found the Vedalia beetle feeding on the scale. he brought it back and released it in California which brought the scale population to noneconomic levels
milligrams of insecticide per kilogram of lab animal body weight
how is the toxicity dose expressed
the goods could be unloaded and sold.
in the 18 hundreds countries started regulating and quarantining goods to inspect for pests before this could occur
Merit .5 G
in the insecticide label from Bayer shown, what is the trade name ?
50 percent killed
in the toxicity combination. what does 50 stand for
dose
in the toxicity combination. what does D stand for
lethal
in the toxicity combination. what does L stand for
lower
insecticides are ranked according to their L D 50 number. the higher the L D number, the _____ the toxicity
greater
insecticides are ranked according to their L D 50 number. the lower the L D number, the _____ the toxicity
foam insecticide
is a treatment used to combat termites, especially in trees that are a hundred years old
Insecticide Era
nickname for the time around 19 39 due to a synthetic development
warning
pesticide classification : category insecticides have an oral L D 50 between 50 through 500 mg/kg. which is 1 tablespoon to 2 tablespoons of insecticide
danger
pesticide classification : highly toxic and small amount may cause permanent damage or be fatal
caution
pesticide classification : includes the slightly or low toxicity categories. Slightly taxing includes oral L D 50 between 500 through 5,000 mg/kg. low toxicity has an L D 50 higher that 5,000 mh/kg
danger poison
pesticide label signal word indicating high toxicity
the L D 50 for oral and dermal toxicity
pesticide law in the U S requires that labels be placed on all products and must include words like danger, poison, warning, or caution along with this crucial ranking
danger, poison, warning, or caution
pesticide law in the U S requires that labels be placed on all products and must include words like these along with the L D 50 for oral and dermal toxicity
manage the pests to prevent their numbers from reaching the economic injury level
since 19 62, rather than thinking in terms of let's sterilize the field and kill the insects, the goal is now to do this
pest management
since 19 62, the focus has been on this in stead of pest elimination
19 62
since this year, the focus has been on pest management rather than on pest elimination
inorganic, botanical, synthetic organic, insect growth regulator, and microbial
the 4 types of insecticides
Toxicity
the dose is expressed as milligrams of insecticide per kilogram of lab animal body weight
Toxicity
the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test animals it was administered to
19 62
the euphoric attitude towards insecticides came crashing down in this year due to the publication of Rachel Carson's book "silent spring"
danger poison
the highest classification an insecticide can receive. this classification has an oral L D 50 mg/kg or lower
Insecticide Era
the importance of this event was quickly manifest with the outbreak of World War 2. due to D D T and it's use to combat lice, typhus, and malaria
trade name
the same insecticide can have different types of this name depending on who makes it or the market it is being sold in
signal word
the terms danger warning, and caution. they are requires on each insecticide label
modes of action and modes of entry
the two types of chemistries that impact insects in different ways
18 99
the world had it's first biological control success with the Vedalia beetle feeding on the cottony cushion scale
inorganic
there are 4 examples of this insecticide : arsenic, soap, boric acid, and diatomaceous earth
Silent Spring
this book title refers to a time when no more birds are chirping in the spring because everything the environment could be destroyed if we are not careful
Modes of contact
this includes acetylcholinesterase, inhibition, nerve poison, or hormone distributor
Modes of Entry
this includes contact, ingestion, systemic, and inhalant
inorganic
this insecticide Does not contain carbon
inorganic
this insecticide is usually obtained by mining. does not contain organic compounds
19 39
this year is known as the insecticide era because this was the year that insecticides were developed
