Era 4 Exam Study Guide

Which effect of the Civil War on the South is illustrated by this photograph? A. Economic devastation B. Industrial pollution C. Agricultural destruction D. Political corruption

A. Economic devastation

How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford? A. Enslaved people could not sue in court because they were not recognized as citizens. B. Slave owners were prohibited from selling slaves to plantations in other states. C. Enslaved people were not bound to their owner so long as they remained in a free state or territory. D. Enslaved people could be released in a free state if their owner received fair compensation in return.

A. Enslaved people could not sue in court because they were not recognized as citizens.

How did President Lincoln keep the border states loyal to the Union? A. He insisted he had no intention of abolishing slavery. B. He offered substantial government aid in exchange for loyalty. C. He ordered a massive troop mobilization to protect these states. D. He relaxed certain restrictions regarding the purchase and sale of slaves.

A. He insisted he had no intention of abolishing slavery.

How did General Lee attempt to raise international support for the Confederacy? A. He invaded the North, hoping a victory on Union soil would encourage support from abroad. B. He offered the services of the Confederate navy to any country willing to ally with the South. C. He established multiple strongholds along the Atlantic coast to disrupt Union trade. D. He fabricated stories about atrocities committed by the Union.

A. He invaded the North, hoping a victory on Union soil would encourage support from abroad.

Why was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment significant? A. It was a Union regiment comprised of all African American soldiers. B. It was a Union regiment responsible for protecting Washington, D.C. C. It was a Union regiment well known for attacking the South using warships. D. It was a Union regiment with the most fallen soldiers during the Battle of Antietam.

A. It was a Union regiment comprised of all African American soldiers.

What was unprecedented about the Civil Rights Act of 1866? A. It was the first time Congress passed a law that had been vetoed by the President. B. It was the first time that Congress passed a law to benefit African Americans. C. It was the first time Congress mandated public education for African Americans in all the states. D. It was the first time a law was overturned by the Supreme Court.

A. It was the first time Congress passed a law that had been vetoed by the President.

What happened after 1872 that led to a decline in violence against African Americans? A. The federal government took legal action against many members of the Ku Klux Klan. B. Many southern blacks chose to take advantage of new educational opportunities. C. Southern black congregations became increasingly involved in local communities. D. The Ku Klux Klan abandoned violent tactics to focus on electoral strategies to obtain their goals.

A. The federal government took legal action against many members of the Ku Klux Klan.

In 1865, Congress proposed the Thirteenth Amendment, which would A. abolish slavery in the United States. B. prohibit military conflicts between states. C. return former Confederate states back to the Union. D. limit presidents from seeking more than two terms in office.

A. abolish slavery in the United States.

The founding of the Free -Soil party A. addressed voter's concerns about the extension of slavery by promising to keep it out of the new territories. B. was the first effort to dismantle the Wilmot Proviso. C. was motivated by those supporting slavery in the new territories. D. called for popular sovereignty as a way to resolve the slavery issue.

A. addressed voter's concerns about the extension of slavery by promising to keep it out of the new territories.

The main reason the Union wanted control of the Mississippi River was to A. effectively split the Confederacy in two. B. have direct access to the Gulf of Mexico. C. help newly freed slaves reach the North safely. D. be able to transport supplies and troops by boat.

A. effectively split the Confederacy in two.

A primary factor in the growth of the new Republican Party was its A. opposition to slavery. B. stance on protective tariffs. C. anti-immigration platform. D. support of popular sovereignty.

A. opposition to slavery.

With malice toward none; with charity for all...let us strive...to bind up the nation's wounds... — Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address This statement expressed President Lincoln's plans for — A. readmitting the Confederate states B. eliminating Jim Crow laws C. creating a strategy for a Union victory D. convincing Congress to abolish slavery

A. readmitting the Confederate states

Alexander Stephens' discussion with President Lincoln about a feasible end to the war yielded no results mainly because A. the Confederates would not accept a future without slavery. B. President Lincoln was committed to punishing the South for starting the war. C. the Union did not want to assume the Confederacy's massive war debts. D. Stephens maintained his firm belief in the principle of popular sovereignty.

A. the Confederates would not accept a future without slavery.

Several moderate Republicans refused to impeach Andrew Johnson because they thought such a decision would A. upset the balance of power in the government. B. empower the judicial branch of government. C. hurt their chances at reelection given Johnson's popularity. D. distract from their efforts to gain rights for African Americans.

A. upset the balance of power in the government.

What did the Dred Scott ruling have in common with the Fugitive Slave Act? A. Both led Congress to reconsider the wisdom of earlier compromises. B. Both extended the rights of slave owners into non-slave states. C. Both eased the worries of moderates throughout the nation. D. Both helped reduce tensions between the North and the South.

B. Both extended the rights of slave owners into non-slave states.

How did John Calhoun's response to the Clay Compromise differ from Daniel Webster's? A. Calhoun felt that unity between the North and South should be preserved at all costs. B. Calhoun believed that the South should secede if the two sides could not agree. C. Calhoun believed that slavery should be limited to states where it had always been legal. D. Calhoun felt that popular sovereignty meant each state should decide the slavery issue.

B. Calhoun believed that the South should secede if the two sides could not agree.

Which statement best explains the reasoning behind the decision of some northern states to pass "personal liberty laws"? A. The Bill of Rights did not adequately defend the rights and civil liberties of all Americans. B. Individual states should decide for themselves whether or not to support slavery. C. The federal government allowed slavery to exist in any part of the country. D. Many northerners were satisfied with the provisions of the Compromise of 1850.

B. Individual states should decide for themselves whether or not to support slavery.

How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the North's attitude toward the war? A. It gave hope that the war would soon end. B. It redefined the war as being about slavery. C. It showed that the key politicians lacked conviction. D. It extinguished the desire to reach a unified agreement.

B. It redefined the war as being about slavery.

Why was sharecropping so appealing to blacks and poor whites in the South? A. One could save money more effectively. B. One could start without any cash up front. C. It enabled them to purchase their own land. D. It allowed them to grow whatever crops they wanted.

B. One could start without any cash up front.

The Battle of Antietam marked the bloodiest day of the Civil War but also led to A. a stronger Confederate effort in the border states. B. President Lincoln moving forward with emancipation. C. states in the South enacting a draft to gain fresh troops. D. General McClellan being relieved of his duties as general.

B. President Lincoln moving forward with emancipation.

What did Richard Current mean when he described the Civil War after the summer of 1863 as a "war of attrition"? A. The South was unable to secure the support of foreign countries sympathetic to its cause after 1863. B. The North's superior resources and military strength would inevitably wear down the South's ability to continue the war. C. Southern generals remained able to engage Union forces without additional troops or supplies. D. Northern generals employed defensive strategies against which the Confederate forces stood little chance.

B. The North's superior resources and military strength would inevitably wear down the South's ability to continue the war.

Why did the Republican Party refuse to support women's suffrage? A. Women tended to vote overwhelmingly for the Democrats. B. They felt it would hinder their goal of attaining African American suffrage. C. Women did not usually make financial contributions to the party. D. The party's wealthiest donors were opposed to voting rights for women.

B. They felt it would hinder their goal of attaining African American suffrage.

How were African American soldiers discriminated against in the Union military? A. They could only serve in non-combat positions. B. They were usually assigned the most menial and dangerous tasks. C. They were outfitted in the most substandard uniforms and weapons. D. They were prohibited from corresponding with their enslaved family members.

B. They were usually assigned the most menial and dangerous tasks.

Congress passed the Militia Act in order to A. draw military aid from overseas nations. B. allow African Americans to join the military. C. expand Union presence in western territories. D. give border states the right to defend themselves.

B. allow African Americans to join the military.

During the Civil War, the term "Copperhead" referred to A. soldiers who deserted their military posts during combat. B. antiwar Democrats who demanded an end to the war. C. members of the nursing teams responsible for hospital sanitation. D. public servants in charge of the Union's conscription process.

B. antiwar Democrats who demanded an end to the war.

In 1864, General Sherman's "March to the Sea" employed a strategy of total war, which involves A. attacking both by land and by sea. B. attacking both military and civilian targets. C. infiltrating enemy forces with spies. D. employing propaganda to demoralize the enemy.

B. attacking both military and civilian targets.

The loosely organized system referred to as the Underground Railroad was used to A. assist slave owners in the pursuit of escaped slaves. B. help enslaved people escape to freedom in the North. C. transport new slaves to different plantations in other states. D. distribute antislavery pamphlets and newspapers in the South.

B. help enslaved people escape to freedom in the North.

The attack of Senator Charles Sumner by Representative Preston Brooks demonstrates which of the following? A. how both parties attempted to rally support from the public B. how the issue of slavery intensified the passions of those on both sides C. how simple it should have been to compromise on the issue of slavery D. how worried southerners were that they were losing power in Congress

B. how the issue of slavery intensified the passions of those on both sides

The enactment of the Jim Crow laws sought to A. promote education among blacks. B. keep blacks and whites separated. C. improve conditions for factory workers. D. deny voting and property rights to women.

B. keep blacks and whites separated.

The group of politicians known as the "Redeemers" had the main goal of A. reforming the election process in the South. B. regaining power in Congress for the South. C. battling widespread political corruption in the North. D. undoing civil rights legislation passed by congressmen from the North.

B. regaining power in Congress for the South.

The Compromise of 1877 granted Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for what? A. major tax cuts for southern states B. removal of all remaining federal troops in the South C. reparations for damage caused in the South during the Civil War D. additional electoral votes awarded to southern states in the next election

B. removal of all remaining federal troops in the South

The main idea of President Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" was that A. the Confederacy should reevaluate its war strategy. B. the Civil War was being fought to preserve the nation. C. slave owners were the root of the Civil War's bloodshed. D. the Union would never surrender under any circumstance.

B. the Civil War was being fought to preserve the nation.

The federal government passed the Legal Tender Act as a way to enable A. the printing of war bonds. B. the issuance of paper money. C. the compensation of wounded soldiers. D. the exchange of different forms of currency.

B. the issuance of paper money.

The Republican Party chose Abraham Lincoln as its presidential candidate over William H. Seward mainly because Lincoln was A. originally from the South. B. the more moderate candidate. C. the more experienced candidate. D. in favor of abolishing slavery in the South.

B. the more moderate candidate.

What was the main reason why it was more expensive to operate a school system in the South than in the North? A. the powerful influence of religious groups B. the policy of segregation practiced in the South C. the widespread corruption introduced by so-called "scalawags" D. the influx of thousands of so-called "carpetbaggers" from the North

B. the policy of segregation practiced in the South

John Brown believed that the slavery crisis in the United States could only be resolved A. with the moral arguments of religious advocates. B. through the use of physical force. C. by educating the public about its dangers. D. within the framework of the nation's legal system.

B. through the use of physical force.

The idea that African Americans ought to accommodate segregation and focus their energy on education and economic advancement was a belief held by A. Ida B. Wells. B. W.E.B. Du Bois. C. Booker T. Washington. D. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

C. Booker T. Washington.

Why did Andrew Johnson refuse to grant additional rights to African Americans? A. He once owned part of a large slave trading company. B. He believed in more gradual reform for black political rights. C. He believed Reconstruction measures were not constitutional. D. He wanted to sustain the tax revenue generated by large plantations.

C. He believed Reconstruction measures were not constitutional.

Why was Pickett's Charge significant? A. Its success reignited the dwindling Confederate morale. B. It allowed the Confederacy to gain access to higher ground. C. Its failure gave the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg. D. It caused the Union to release Confederate prisoners of war.

C. Its failure gave the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg.

The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War mainly for which reason? A. The Union victory was the first time the North used African American soldiers in combat. B. Congress immediately ratified the Thirteenth Amendment upon hearing of the Union Victory. C. The Confederacy never attempted another invasion of the North after the Union victory. D. Great Britain refused to support the Confederacy after the Union victory.

C. The Confederacy never attempted another invasion of the North after the Union victory.

What major difference between the Union and Confederate armies became apparent during the siege of Petersburg in 1864? A. The Confederate army had superior officers compared to the Union. B. The Confederate army was made up of poorly trained volunteer soldiers. C. The Union army had superior numbers of replacement troops in reserve. D. The Union army was ill prepared to deal with the Confederates' guerilla tactics.

C. The Union army had superior numbers of replacement troops in reserve.

Why did the South's economy struggle during the war? A. There was no central government to collect taxes. B. There was a sharp decline in the price of products across the region. C. The Union blockade successfully reduced imports and exports. D. The Confederate army failed to seize prosperous forts in the North.

C. The Union blockade successfully reduced imports and exports.

The violence in the Kansas Territory referred to as "Bleeding Kansas" demonstrated which of the following? A. Southerners had a good basis for their worries that northern abolitionists were trying to incite slave rebellions. B. The Missouri Compromise was a better way to diffuse sectional tension than the Compromise of 1850. C. The policy of allowing popular sovereignty over slavery in the territory increased rather than decreased sectional tensions. D. Leaders in both the North and the South were already making military preparations for a civil war.

C. The policy of allowing popular sovereignty over slavery in the territory increased rather than decreased sectional tensions.

Which factor best explains the advantages many northern carpetbaggers had in pursuing new careers in the South? A. local political connections B. a disenfranchised African American population C. low literacy rates in the South D. a rebounding Southern economy

C. low literacy rates in the South

This cartoon was most likely drawn by someone who A. was tired of how the issue of slavery had come to dominate political debate. B. thought that Congress had done a good job compromising on the issue of slavery. C. opposed the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act. D. hoped that passage of the Fugitive Slave Act would spark a slave uprising. Question 3

C. opposed the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act.

The principle of popular sovereignty is best demonstrated in A. the political bipartisanship needed to pass the Kansas-Nebraska Act. B. the ability of abolitionists to hold public protests advocating for an end to slavery. C. the proposal that the Nebraska Territory would decide for itself whether to allow slavery. D. the right of slaves such as Dred Scott to petition the court system for their freedom.

C. the proposal that the Nebraska Territory would decide for itself whether to allow slavery.

The "Christiana Riot" was one of many events to reflect what point of view? A. a growing abolitionist sentiment among white southerners B. white southerners' discontent with the Compromise of 1850 C. white northerners' refusal to obey the new Fugitive Slave Act D. the rising popularity of the idea of secession amongst white northerners

C. white northerners' refusal to obey the new Fugitive Slave Act

How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederacy's attack on Fort Sumter? A. He ordered all forts in the South to be evacuated as soon as possible. B. He traveled through the South and gave a series of antiwar speeches. C. He showed restraint by using diplomacy to deal with the Confederacy. D. He declared the Confederacy's actions to be an insurrection and asked for volunteers to fight.

D. He declared the Confederacy's actions to be an insurrection and asked for volunteers to fight.

How might the Crittenden Compromise have eased tensions between the North and South? A. It would have been a constitutional amendment creating strong states' rights. B. It would have been a constitutional amendment protecting slavery in all states where slavery already existed. C. It would have been a constitutional amendment enforcing the principle of popular sovereignty for all new territories. D. It would have been a constitutional amendment that would allow slavery south of the Missouri Compromise line in all territories.

D. It would have been a constitutional amendment that would allow slavery south of the Missouri Compromise line in all territories.

What was one challenge faced by the Confederacy? A. In the South, support for the war was so great that too many people bought war bonds, causing inflation as the bonds' value increased. B. The new Confederate government was so strong that Jefferson Davis ruled almost as a dictator. C. There were few effective generals in the South, and Jefferson Davis struggled to find competent military leadership. D. The decentralized government and strong sense of states' rights was a challenge to Jefferson Davis's ability to conduct the war.

D. The decentralized government and strong sense of states' rights was a challenge to Jefferson Davis's ability to conduct the war.

Why were southern leaders agitated by California's request to join the Union? A. They feared California would be a state in which fugitive slaves could find refuge. B. They worried California would overtake the South in production of cotton and tobacco. C. They felt that California's gold wealth gave it an unfair economic advantage. D. They believed the legislative balance would be tipped in favor of free states.

D. They believed the legislative balance would be tipped in favor of free states.

What significant question would passage of the Fourteenth Amendment address? A. How will slavery be outlawed in the United States? B. Who should have the right to vote in a democratic republic? C. Who should have access to publicly funded education? D. Who is included as a citizen of the United States?

D. Who is included as a citizen of the United States?

What did General Winfield Scott's "Anaconda Plan" entail? A. marching directly on the Confederate capital in Richmond B. crippling the Confederate economy by burning its cotton plantations C. freeing slaves and enlisting them in the fight against the Confederates D. cutting off Confederate supply lines by taking control of the Mississippi River

D. cutting off Confederate supply lines by taking control of the Mississippi River

After Reconstruction, many southern states enacted a poll tax, which was used to A. settle lawsuits filed by women rights' groups. B. collect funds to repair damages suffered during the Civil War. C. raise state revenue for the construction of factories. D. ensure poor African Americans could not afford to vote.

D. ensure poor African Americans could not afford to vote.

The border states were in a unique situation during the war because A. most of the region's regiments served as blockade runners. B. they saw the most combat due to their central location. C. their late entrance to the war cost them fewer soldiers. D. many families had brothers and sons fighting for opposite sides.

D. many families had brothers and sons fighting for opposite sides.

Before allowing them to set up a new state government, Lincoln required ten percent of southern voters in each state to A. enlist in the military. B. apply for a federal pardon. C. sell their land to the Union. D. take a loyalty oath to the Union.

D. take a loyalty oath to the Union.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed slavery to spread to areas that had been free for over 30 years, which effectively nullified A. the Wilmot Proviso. B. the Fugitive Slave Act. C. the Compromise of 1850. D. the Missouri Compromise.

D. the Missouri Compromise.

Based on the trend shown in this map, which of the following is a likely reason for the fort seizures? a. Control of the coastal regions was important to Confederate leaders. b. Proslavery forces finally seceded from the Union and took the forts accordingly. c. Public support for the Confederacy was weak in most areas outside of Texas. d. The Confederacy employed a quick invasion strategy for taking Union territory.

a. Control of the coastal regions was important to Confederate leaders.

Which statement best explains how posters like this one helped contribute to secession? a. Posters opposed to the Fugitive Slave Act caused southerners to believe northerners would never accept slavery in the South. b. Posters opposed to the Dred Scott decision led southerners to fear attempts to ban slavery in the territories. c. Abolitionist posters led to rebellions by enslaved people, which made southerners want their own government to defeat them. d. Secessionist posters promoted the idea that the South should secede and enforce the Fugitive Slave Act.

a. Posters opposed to the Fugitive Slave Act caused southerners to believe northerners would never accept slavery in the South.

Which statement makes an accurate comparison of Union and Confederate Army policies? a. The Union Army benefited from African American soldiers while the Confederate Army resisted enlisting of slaves. b. The Union Army accepted only free African Americans while the Confederate Army forced slaves into combat roles. c. Both armies refused to enlist or draft African Americans. d. Both armies relied heavily on slaves forced into combat roles.

a. The Union Army benefited from African American soldiers while the Confederate Army resisted enlisting of slaves.

Which factor contributed most to the failure of McClellan's Peninsular Campaign? a. The Union Army was led by a cautious commander with insufficient forces to guarantee an overwhelming victory. b. The Confederate Army was reinforced by a large force of volunteers from the Border States. c. The Union Army was unprepared to fight the kind of guerilla actions undertaken by the Confederate forces. d. The Confederate Army had a much larger force than the Union Army.

a. The Union Army was led by a cautious commander with insufficient forces to guarantee an overwhelming victory.

The information in this infographic demonstrates which of the following? a. The Union enjoyed many material advantages over the Confederacy. b. The Confederacy would have to fight a primarily offensive war. c. The Confederacy's large army compensated for its small navy. d. The Confederate states had chosen the wrong time to secede from the Union.

a. The Union enjoyed many material advantages over the Confederacy.

Why did tenant farmers need to be better at managing money than sharecroppers? a. They controlled more of their own planning and finances. b. They oversaw sharecroppers who worked for the landowner. c. They managed the financial accounts of the landowner. d. They were landowners and had to pay for an agricultural license.

a. They controlled more of their own planning and finances.

Why did sharecroppers often find themselves in continual debt? a. To increase their profits, some landowners inflated their expense costs. b. To buy better equipment, some sharecroppers bought on credit. c. To recover from poor harvests, some sharecroppers took out bank loans. d. To protect their property, some landowners required farmers to purchase insurance.

a. To increase their profits, some landowners inflated their expense costs.

"No rations issued yesterday to any of the prisoners and a third of all here are on the very point of starvation. Lieut. Bossieux sympathizes with us in word but says it is impossible to help it as they have not the food for us."—Diary of a Union prisoner held at the Confederate prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia This excerpt demonstrates which problem faced by the Confederacy? a. a shortage of supplies, including food b. a shortage of fuel for transportation needs c. a shortage of ammunition for combat d. a shortage of troops to use as prison guards

a. a shortage of supplies, including food

Which of the following was a lasting effect of Reconstruction? a. diversification of the southern economy b. Republican dominance in southern states c. integration of public education d. successful implementation of the Fifteenth Amendment

a. diversification of the southern economy

Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act had the most direct consequences for which of these groups? a. people involved with the Underground Railroad b. settlers in the territories acquired during the Mexican-American War c. moderates in both the Democratic and Whig parties d. northern merchants involved in the domestic slave trade

a. people involved with the Underground Railroad

One advantage which contributed to the North's victory was a. strong military leadership under Generals Grant and Sherman. b. the success of several naval battles. c. aid from Spain and France. d. increased food production.

a. strong military leadership under Generals Grant and Sherman.

It can be inferred from this graphic that the events of the 1850s resulted in a. the decline of the Whig Party. b. the disappearance of the Republican Party. c. unity among Democrats. d. a decline in the popularity of third parties.

a. the decline of the Whig Party.

Which of these changed most dramatically as the Civil War turned into a prolonged conflict? a. the relative levels of public support enjoyed by the Union and the Confederacy b. the relative ability of the Union and Confederate governments to raise money c. the manufacturing capabilities of the Confederate states d. the number of soldiers fighting in each of the two sides' armies

a. the relative levels of public support enjoyed by the Union and the Confederacy

Which of the following was a key objective for the passage of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867? a. to make it easier for Southern states to reenter the Union after the Fourteenth Amendment was passed b. to allow for a delay in the readmission of Southern states to the Union as requested by Congress c. to allow the military to legally confiscate war supplies found on private property as a means of prevention d. to make the implementation of military rule a possible deterrent for other states considering secession

a. to make it easier for Southern states to reenter the Union after the Fourteenth Amendment was passed

Which of the following best summarizes the message of this poster? a. African Americans should protect themselves by remaining neutral in the Civil War. b. African American men should join the Union army and fight to defend their rights. c. The Confederacy needed men, including African American men, to defeat a Union invasion. d. After the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans no longer needed to participate in the war.

b. African American men should join the Union army and fight to defend their rights.

What did the creation of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment demonstrate? a. Discrimination against African Americans was no longer a problem in the Union Army after 1863. b. African Americans were eager to join the Union Army, and northern abolitionists supported them. c. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation caused a drop in enlistment in the Union Army. d. The Confederacy was in a desperate situation by 1863 and had to consider drafting enslaved people.

b. African Americans were eager to join the Union Army, and northern abolitionists supported them.

"Fellow countrymen: At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, of a course to be pursued, seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself; and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured." —President Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address Which of the following best reflects Lincoln's attitude in this speech? a. He is unwilling to praise any of his military personnel until the war is over. b. He is hopeful that the end of the Civil War is near. c. He is unsure about the Union's position in the war-torn South. d. He knows the Southern opposition is not accepting the Union's terms.

b. He is hopeful that the end of the Civil War is near.

In this cartoon, Abraham Lincoln is seen to the left, in a hat, while the other candidates for president in 1860 are to the right. What does the cartoon suggest about the election? a. Because of the rules of the electoral college, Lincoln would have to fight hardest to win the election. b. In the four-man race, Lincoln clearly stood apart from the other candidates. c. Lincoln was the one candidate that most Americans believed had good motives. d. The major party candidates tried to cooperate to keep anybody but Lincoln from winning the election.

b. In the four-man race, Lincoln clearly stood apart from the other candidates.

Which of the following directly contributed to the changes between 1872 and 1876 shown in the presidential election maps? a. Wade-Davis Bill b. Redeemer strategy c. urbanization d. women's suffrage

b. Redeemer strategy

How did the American Party differ from the Free-Soil Party? a. The American Party was more successful at building a diverse coalition. b. The American Party focused on immigration rather than slavery. c. The American Party took a more controversial position on the issue of slavery. d. The American Party was proslavery, not antislavery.

b. The American Party focused on immigration rather than slavery.

"The issue of slavery was intensified by the outcome of the Mexican-American War. An already divisive political issue was made even more controversial by the question of whether slavery could expand into the 700,000 square miles of territory acquired from Mexico. In the House of Representatives, northern congressmen pushed through the Wilmot Proviso specifying that slavery should be excluded in all territories won from Mexico. In the Senate, southern strength defeated this proviso. South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun introduced instead a series of resolutions affirming that slaveholders had the constitutional right to take their slave property into any United States territory they wished."—National Archives Why did southern politicians oppose the Wilmot Proviso? a. They wanted to enable as many enslaved people as possible to migrate to the new territories in order to reduce the chances of an uprising in the Deep South. b. They wanted to ensure that there was a balance of slave and free states so that measures to restrict slavery continued to be blocked by the Senate. c. They wanted to allow the southern population to grow quickly so that slave states could outvote free states in the House of Representatives. d. They wanted to make sure the domestic slave trade continued to be large enough to keep the cost of enslaved people high.

b. They wanted to ensure that there was a balance of slave and free states so that measures to restrict slavery continued to be blocked by the Senate.

"But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion."—President Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address This excerpt indicates that President Lincoln is using the Gettysburg Address as an occasion to a. make a gesture of reconciliation to the Confederacy. b. encourage northerners to remain committed to preserving the Union. c. remind Americans why they have a moral obligation to oppose slavery. d. argue for keeping him in a leadership position until the Civil War is over.

b. encourage northerners to remain committed to preserving the Union.

Which of the following groups was likely to resist the passage of the Enforcement Acts? a. wealthy businessmen in the north b. the Ku Klux Klan c. first generation freed slaves d. Southern Republicans

b. the Ku Klux Klan

How did the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act affect opinions about slavery in the North? a. It allowed political leaders to set aside the slavery issue for several years. b. It intensified northerners' fears about slave uprisings. c. It drove moderate northerners to side with the abolitionists. d. It convinced northerners that slavery was not a threat to them.

c. It drove moderate northerners to side with the abolitionists.

"Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before, the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding." —President Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address Which of these can be inferred from this excerpt? a. The military situation helped Lincoln win a second term in office. b. The South would now willingly abandon the institution of slavery. c. The Civil War was more destructive than either side anticipated. d. The outcome of the Civil War provided some benefits to both sides.

c. The Civil War was more destructive than either side anticipated.

Which of the following best explains why the Confederacy had more difficulty than the Union in paying for the war effort? a. The Confederacy refused to tax its citizens or print money. b. The Union issued much more paper money than the Confederacy. c. The Union blockade cut off trade and income from tariffs. d. The Confederacy was much poorer than the Union even before the war.

c. The Union blockade cut off trade and income from tariffs.

Which of the following was a reason Radical Republicans sought harsh punishments against the former Confederate states? a. They thought it was the quickest route to reunification. b. They wanted to industrialize the Southern economy. c. They considered the practice of slavery to be a crime. d. They believed sharecropping was unconstitutional.

c. They considered the practice of slavery to be a crime.

Which factor contributed most to President Lincoln's decision to announce the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862? a. demands from European nations b. the passage of a congressional resolution c. an improvement in the military situation d. the secession of several border states

c. an improvement in the military situation

The 1860 presidential election made it clear that a. the majority of American voters favored the abolition of slavery. b. the doctrine of popular sovereignty could not work at the national level. c. the American political system was sharply divided along sectional lines. d. slavery was only one of several issues that the public considered important.

c. the American political system was sharply divided along sectional lines.

Which of these events did the most to bring an end to the Civil War? a. the capture of Fort Sumter b. the outcome of the Battle of Antietam c. the end of the siege of Vicksburg d. the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack

c. the end of the siege of Vicksburg

This cartoon, which features Democratic candidate George McClellan in the center, suggests that in the 1864 election the Democratic Party a. hoped to have the Confederacy rejoin the Union by offering amnesty to soldiers. b. was likely to defeat Lincoln because it was more unified than the Republican Party. c. was torn between the aims of winning the war and making peace. d. aimed to win the war, but also convince the South to give up slavery.

c. was torn between the aims of winning the war and making peace.

Which of the following made the activity shown in this drawing possible? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. publication of Free Speech c. Fourteenth Amendment d. Fifteenth Amendment

d. Fifteenth Amendment

"[W]hen a person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the United States, has heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United States, the person or persons to whom such service or labor may be due... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person... it shall be the duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of this act, when to them directed... and all good citizens are hereby commanded to aid and assist in the prompt and efficient execution of this law, whenever their services may be required... In no trial or hearing under this act shall the testimony of such alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence; and the certificates in this and the [above] section mentioned, shall be conclusive of the right of the person or persons... to remove such fugitive to the State or Territory from which he escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such person or persons by any process issued by any court, judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever."—Fugitive Slave Act (1850) Based on this selection from the text of the Fugitive Slave Act, which of the following best explained why it angered many people in the North? a. It overturned state laws forbidding the ownership of slaves and outlawing the slave trade. b. It resulted in a growth of the government bureaucracy needed to process cases related to runaway slaves. c. It drastically increased the law-enforcement costs of the federal government and resulted in higher taxes. d. It required people who may be opposed to slavery to assist in capturing and returning runaway slaves.

d. It required people who may be opposed to slavery to assist in capturing and returning runaway slaves.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Supreme Court decisions in 1883 called the Civil Rights cases? a. Reconstruction was forced to end. b. The Fifteenth Amendment gained popularity in the West. c. The Ku Klux Klan lost a great deal of influence. d. States and municipalities could impose segregation on public accommodations.

d. States and municipalities could impose segregation on public accommodations.

Which of the following conditions enabled the federal government to implement the Homestead Act with little controversy? a. The need to pay for the Civil War made it important for the federal government to find new sources of revenue. b. The need to supply the Union Army with food pushed federal officials to adopt policies that would cause an increase in agricultural production. c. The rapid increase in the number of soldiers motivated federal officials to find a way to reward veterans for their military service. d. The secession of southern states removed the divisive issues of slavery in the territories and the route of a railroad to California.

d. The secession of southern states removed the divisive issues of slavery in the territories and the route of a railroad to California.

This image, illustrating the Anaconda Plan, shows that the plan a. was based on the industrial superiority of the Union. b. assumed that Confederate forces would be spread evenly throughout the South. c. included strategies for supplying Union troops during the war. d. anticipated blockading the Confederacy and starving it of supplies.

d. anticipated blockading the Confederacy and starving it of supplies.

In this Topic, you read the following text: "The proceedings erupted into violence in the Senate when Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, who supported California's admission as a free state, denounced Mississippi senator Henry Foote, who opposed it. Furious, Foote rose from his seat and aimed a loaded revolver at Benton. The alarmed senators tried to restore order. But Benton was defiant, shouting "I am not armed! I have no pistols! I disdain to carry arms! Stand out of the way, and let the assassin fire!" At last, a senator from New York seized the revolver and locked it in a desk. Order was restored." The event described in this text demonstrates which of the following? a. how involved in politics ordinary citizens were in the early 1850s b. how political leaders were able to avoid a civil war in the early 1850s c. how the issue of slavery led to internal divisions in the parties of the early 1850s d. how polarizing and controversial the issue of slavery had become by the early 1850s

d. how polarizing and controversial the issue of slavery had become by the early 1850s

The Civil War further advanced which of these processes that was already taking place when the war began? a. growth of agriculture in the South b. strengthening of labor unions c. deregulation by the government d. industrialization of the economy

d. industrialization of the economy

Which of the following issues contributed to conflict over Reconstruction? a. power struggles among Democrats in Congress b. divisions in the Supreme Court c. lack of interest in the executive branch d. lack of constitutional guidance on secession

d. lack of constitutional guidance on secession

The Emancipation Proclamation limited the abolition of slavery to certain regions in order to a. retain African Americans drafted into the Union Army. b. avoid offending abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison. c. preserve the Constitutional requirement for due process. d. maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.

d. maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.

"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal." Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live."—President Abraham Lincoln, from the Gettysburg Address This excerpt indicates that President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address in order to do which of the following? a. begin outlining his plans for Reconstruction after the end of the war b. celebrate a Union victory that turned the tide of the war c. restate the principles behind the Emancipation Proclamation d. praise the soldiers who died for what he considered a noble cause

d. praise the soldiers who died for what he considered a noble cause

"What is Popular Sovereignty? Is it the right of the people to have Slavery or not have it, as they see fit, in the territories? I will state - and I have an able man to watch me - my understanding is that Popular Sovereignty, as now applied to the question of slavery, does allow the people of a Territory to have slavery if they want to, but does not allow them not to have it if they do not want it. I do not mean that if this vast concourse of people were in a Territory of the United States, any one of them would be obliged to have a slave if he did not want one; but I do say that, as I understand the Dred Scott decision, if any one man wants slaves, all the rest have no way of keeping that one man from holding them."—Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, August 1858 Which feature of the Dred Scott ruling does Lincoln object to in this speech? a. the denial of citizenship to African Americans b. the exclusion of African Americans from Constitutional protections c. the ruling that slavery was now legal in all states and territories d. the ruling that congress could not ban slavery in the territories

d. the ruling that congress could not ban slavery in the territories