ES Chapter 16

smelting

Crushed ore is melted at high temperatures to separate impurities from molten metal during

state and federal agencies

From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?

have no commercial value

Gangue minerals

atoms

Minerals are arranged in a regular, repeating geometric pattern of

returning land to its original, or better, conditions after mining iperations have been completed

Reclamation is the process of

at bends in rivers

Stream placers often occur

subsidence

The process by which land sinks with little or no horizontal movemtn is known as

open-pit mining

Which of the following is not a method of subsurface mining?

flooding of empty stream beds and rivers

Which of the following is not one of the ways that ore minerals may form?

sea glass

Which of the following would not be considered an aggregate?

open-pit mining

a mining method used for large ore deposits near the surface that are mined downward

hydraulic mining

a mining method used to recover gold from ancient riverbeds

mineral exploration

a process used by mining companies to identify areas where there may be valuable mineral resources

sulfuric acid

a water contaminant that can cause acid mine drainage

flux

material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting

underground mine fires

one of the most serious consquences of coal mining

evaporites

salts left behind after evaporation

surface mining

the mining method used when shallow ore deposits are located close to Earth's surface

alloy

two or more metals combined

dissolved minerals

what hot, subsurface waters must contain in order to be considered hydrothermal solutions