eText: Cell Structure
Compare the role of vacuoles and lysosomes in a cell.
Vacuoles stores materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Lysomes break down lipids, carbohydrates and protiens into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
How is a cell's cytoplasm like a factory floor?
A cell's cytoplasm is similar to factory floor because different organelles of the cell can be compared to the specialized machines of a factory. They also share a common rule, follow the instructions, and you produce products.
How are chloroplasts like solar panels? How are mitochondria like electric power plants?
Chloroplasts are like solar panels because they convert energy from the sun into chemical energy that is stored in food. Mitochondrias convert chemical energy stored in food into a form that can be used eaisly by the cell.
Does the rough ER or smooth ER send proteins on to the Golgi apparatus?
Rough ER sends the proteins onto the Golgi apparatus.
Explain how the structure of a cell's membrane is related to its function.
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
Explain why plant cells require both chloroplasts and mitochondria to meet their energy needs.
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy stored in food during photosynthesus. Mitochondria converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convienent for the cell to use.
What could happen to a plant if its central vacuoles shrunk due to waterloss?
In this situation, I think the central vacuoles might not be able to provide efficent strength and support and the plant could possibly die.
Some types of cells require more energy than others to perfrom their functions. What could the effect be if the mitochondria in these cells did not function correctly?
In this situation, the cells would be less able to convert food into energy.
What are the two major parts of a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus and cytoplasm are the two major parts of a eukaryotic cell.
Using Figure 16-16 on the next page as a guide, draw your own models of a prokaryotic cell, a plant cell, and an animal cell. Then use each of the vocabulary words from this lesson to label your cells. Describe any differences between the models in Figure 16-16 and your models.
The animal cells are mostly round and irregularly shaped, while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.
How is a cell.'s cytoskeleton like the girders and beams of a warehouse?
The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement.
What evidence supports the arguement that ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts once lived as independent organisms?
The endosymbiosis theory supports the arguement that ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts once lived as independent organisms.
Describe the steps in making, packaging, and exporting a protein from a cell.
The nuclear envelope is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores which allows material to move in and out. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages protein.
