Ethics

Power distance dimension refers to the "power inequality" between superiors and subordinates. Which of the following countries probably ranks high on the power distance scale?

Saudi Arabia

Those who ascribe to consumerism

believe that consumers, not producers, should dictate the economic structure of a society.

Because top managers may be more insensitive to ethical issues due to their focus on financial performance, the FSGOguidelines suggest that ethics officers report to the _____ instead.

board of directors

A_______generates an ethical program that creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specificrequiredconductusinglegaltermsandstatutes.

compliance orientation

A(n)______orientation creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct,whereasa(n)______orientation strives to develop shared standards.

compliance; values

In Kohlberg's model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual's motives in

considering fairness to others.

For an ethical compliance program to properly function,

consistent enforcement and disciplinary action are essential.

The__________can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization.

corporate culture

To ensure that an ethics program addresses the needs of the average employee, it should include all of the following except

lengthy legal documents.

A_______business attempts to avoid dealing with environmental issues and hopes nothing bad happens or no one ever finds out about an environmental accident or abuse.

low-commitment

According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she

may change his/her values and ethical behavior.

Increasing the wealth gap between nations and misusing and misallocating scarce resources are ethical issue accusations related to

multinational corporations.

Sustainability is the long-term well-being of the natural environment and the mutually beneficial interactions among______

nature, individuals, organizations, and business strategies

Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to

obedience to authority.

According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n)_____ behavior.

opportunity

Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, _______ can alter this intent

organizational or social forces

Sherry's leadership style often creates a negative working climate because of the high standards she sets. Sherry is most likely a(n)_____ leader.

pacesetting

The leader can create a negative climate because of the high standards that he or she sets. This style works best for attaining quick results from highly motivated individuals who value achievement and take initiative.

pacesetting

Because genetically modified seeds are_______, farmers cannot keep any of the seed themselves but must purchase seeds each year from companies such as Monsanto.

patented

Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include

peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.

The Clean Water Act makes it illegal for anyone to discharge any pollutant from a point source directly into navigable waters without a___________

permit

The growth of the Internet and differing security laws between countries has led to an increase in concern for the human right of

privacy

An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n)

relativist

The protection of air, water, land, biodiversity, and ________ emerged as a major issue in the twentieth century

renewable natural resources

The ultimate "stick" associated with the FSGO is fines or probation, which involves on-site observation by consultants, monitoring of the company's ethical compliance efforts, and

reporting to the U.S. Sentencing Commission on the company's progress in avoiding misconduct

Through _________, it is possible to quantify the trade-offs to determine whether to accept or reject environmentally-related activities and programs.

risk management

Strong ethical leaders have a passion for all of the following except to

satisfy shareholders before other stakeholder groups.

An unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge is referred to as the

self-reference criterion.

An ethical corporate culture needs________ along with________ to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees .

shared values; proper oversight

Studies have shown that______within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor

significant others

The first Earth Day, increasing stakeholder awareness of environmental concerns and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency brought_____ to the forefront

sustainability

Fostering ethical decision making within an organization requires improving the firm's ethical standards and

terminating the "bad apples" in the organization.

A central problem with relativism is

that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.

Leaders whose decisions and actions are contrary to the firm's values send a signal

that the firm's values are trivial or irrelevant.

As one of the seven habits of strong ethical leaders,_____ is "the glue that holds ethical concepts together." This trait can be developed early in life or developed over time through experience.

the passion to do right

Organizations highly committed to environmental responsibility may conduct an audit of their efforts and report the results to all interested_______

stakeholders

Organizations can become "bad barrels" not because of unethical individuals but because

the pressure to succeed creates opportunities that reward unethical decisions.

Moral philosophy refers to

the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.

With regard to ethics, training and communication initiatives should reflect

the unique characteristics of an organization.

In the absence of ethics programs, employees are likely to make decisions based on

their observations of how their coworkers and superiors behave.

Top managers tend to focus on_____ because their jobs and personal identity are often connected to quarterly returns

financial performance

All of the following are useful in monitoring ethical conduct and measuring the effectiveness of the ethical program except

firing

The________ of an organization can influence the acceptance of, adherence to, transmittal, and monitoring of organizational norms, values, and codes of ethics.

leadership style

Which of the following strives to create order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct?

Compliance orientation

_________serve as a central contact point where critical comments, dilemmas, and advice can be assigned to the person most appropriate for handling a specific case.

Hotlines

______has been codified in a United Nations document and is defined as an inherent dignity with equal and inalienable rights as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world.

Human rights

Which type of leader relies on participation and teamwork to reach collaborative decisions?

Coaching

Which of the following is the most comprehensive?

Code of ethics

_______are formal statements that describe what an organization expects of its employees in terms of ethical behavior.

Codes of conduct

______provide(s) important guidelines for employees on how to act in different situations.

Codes of ethics

All of these are true about feedback except

Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to get feedback from their employees

Which of the following has the power to enact legally binding ground rules for international commerce and trade policy?

World Trade Organization

This step of the RADAR model involves responding to the discovery of an ethical dilemma through communication both internally and externally.

answer

Which two steps of the RADAR model occur when a firm is faced with an ethical conflict or dilemma.

answer & recover

Why are many international business ethics issues different from domestic ethical issues?

A global firm cannot succeed simply by applying its domestic ethical programs to other global environments.

___________typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas______________ emphasizes the means and motives by which actions are justified.

A goodness theory; an obligation theory

Leaders having a(n)_____ conflict management style are highly assertive and not very cooperative.

Competing

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process?

Act deontology

______is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men.

Adam Smith

Which leadership type values people, their emotions, and their needs and relies on friendship and trust to promote flexibility, innovation, and risk taking?

Affiliative leadership

________ can cause markedly shorter life spans, along with chronic respiratory problems in humans and animals.

Air pollution

Which of the following is not a main goal of successful ethics programs?

Allow employees to solve ethical issues themselves using their best judgment.

One of the biggest factors in land pollution is the dumping of waste into landfills. _____consumers are by far the world's biggest wasters.

American

What is the AACSB?

An international organization that promotes a set of principles promoting the teaching of responsible management in business schools

______leaders are passionate about the company, live out corporate values daily in their behavior in the workplace, and form long-term relationships with employees and other stakeholders.

Authentic

Leaders with a(n)_____ conflict management style desire to meet the needs of stakeholders and strongly adhere to organizational values and principles.

Avoiding

________assumes that economic decisions are influenced by human behavior.

Behavioral economics

_____assumes that humans may not act rationally because of genetics, learned behavior, and rules of thumb.

Behavioral economics

_______occurs when the middle class shrinks, resulting in highly concentrated wealth amongst the rich and a large number of poor people with very few resources.

Bimodal wealth distribution

Which two developing countries are expected to generate some of the largest increases in consumption in the future?

China and India

___________is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.

Corporate culture

Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?

Deontology

Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?

Deontology

Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?

Deontology

Which of the following is a common mistake made in implementing an ethics program?

Developing materials that do not address the needs of the average employee

Which of the following is not a way to avoid groupthink in small-group decision making?

Discourage team members from discussing the group's ideas with people outside the group.

__________ justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship.

Distributive

Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?

Educational attainment

Compare and contrast the two teleological philosophies: egoism and utilitarianism

Egoists believe they should make decisions that maximize their own self-interest, utilitarians believe they should make decisions that result in the greatest total utility, or the greatest benefit for all those affected by a decision.

The most effective leaders possess the ability to manage themselves and their relationships with others effectively, a skill known as

Emotional intelligence

Which of the following is an advantage of a values-based ethics program over a compliance-based one?

Employees learn to make decisions based on values such as fairness, compassion, respect, and transparency.

The Clean Air Act:

Established national air quality standards

___________is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.

Ethical awareness

This occurs when there are two or more positions on an ethical decision.

Ethical conflicts

All of the following are goals of the Environmental Protection Agency, except

Focus on the activities of business

_______identified four cultural dimensions that can have a profound impact on the business environment: individualism/collectivism,powerdistance,uncertaintyavoidance,andmasculinity/femininity.

Geert Hofstede

______involves transactions across national boundaries. It is a practice that brings together people who have different cultures, values, laws, and ethical standards.

Global business

_________ have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.

Good personal values

All of these are ways of reducing pollution, except:

Greenwashing

When a group is more likely to move toward a more extreme position than the group members might have done individually, this is referred to as

Group polarization

_____occurs when one or more group members feel pressured to conform to the group's decision even if they personally disagree.

Groupthink

__________is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.

Guilt

What is not a common mistake when designing and implementing an ethics program?

Having top management take ownership of the ethics program

Leaders having an accommodating conflict management style are

Highly cooperative but non-assertive.

Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior

Ignoring the behavior

Which of the following is a measure taken by governments to curtail MNC practices that create ethical issues?

Imposing export taxes to force MNCs to share more of their profits

Most executives feel that which of the following is the primary reason for much of the unchecked misconduct in business?

Inadequate ethics and compliance programs

The______was a result of a meeting in which international leaders decided that primary responsibility for the regulation of monetary relationships among nations should rest in an external body.

International Monetary Fund

Which of the following organizations emerged from the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944, where a group of international leaders decided that the primary responsibility for the regulation of monetary relationships among national economies should rest in an extra-national body?

International Monetary Fund

Which of the following statements about training is false?

It can dictate personal ethics on the job.

What is a major role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

It makes short-term loans to member countries that have deficits and provides foreign currencies for its members.

Who argued during the 1930s that the state could stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector?

John Maynard Keynes

_________ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.

Justice

________is a term used by Adam Smith to explain the inherent mechanisms at work in free market systems that keep commerce in equilibrium. It is also known as the "invisible hand."

Laissez-fair

_______assume(s) that a the market, through its own inherent mechanisms, will keep commerce in equilibrium.

Laissez-faire economics

This occurs when leaders and followers share the same vision, ethical expectations, and objectives for the company.

Leader-follower congruence

_________are a primary influence on employee's ethical behavior because they are role models for the organization's values.

Leaders

_______ are person-specific, whereas ______ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives.

Moral philosophies; business ethics

_________is the ability or authority to guide and direct others toward a goal.

Leadership

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations (MNCs) is false?

MNCs are inherently unethical and always do harm in the countries in which they operate.

_____products encourage consumers to return and buy more. This approach is also known as planned obsolescence.

Made-to-break

Which is not considered a white collar crime?

Mugging someone

An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development?

Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)

_________involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.

Obedience to authority

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?

Opportunity

Gossip, manipulation, playing favorites, and taking credit for another's work are all examples commonly associated with

Organizational politics

Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?

Personal guilt

______believe that no one thing is intrinsically good.

Pluralists

_____can be used to promote organizational goals and help rather than hinder other employees.

Political skills

The_____ focuses on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use.

Pollution Prevention Act

When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?

Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)

_______justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.

Procedural

All of these are examples of social responsibility concerns, except:

Product price

These leaders are characterized as having superficial charm, no conscience, grandiose self-worth, little or no empathy, and enjoy flouting rules.

Psychopathic leaders

_______is based upon the assumption that people are predictable and will maximize the utility of their choices relative to their needs and wants.

Rational economics

The acronym RADAR stands for

Recognize, Avoid, Detect, Answer, & Recover

Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process

Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrong

From an ethical standpoint, leaders should take time during this step of the RADAR model to fix any weaknesses in the ethics program and develop improved ways of detecting misconduct.

Recovery

________is one of the country's greatest sustainability success stories.

Recycling

Critics of nuclear power are concerned about all of the following, except

Reduced emissions

______have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.

Relativists

The four categories of communication include all of the following except

Reporting

_____is a two-way process in which the communicator communicates with superiors and subordinates.

Reporting

Wind power holds great promise for the United States because of the______, and experts believe wind energy could meet as much as 20 percent of the nation's energy needs.

Rocky Mountains

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles and respect for individual rights?

Rule deontology

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?

Rule utilitarianism

Discuss the distinctions between the rule and act categories of utilitarianism and deontology

Rule utilitarians determine behavior on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest utility, while act utilitarians examine specific actions and assess whether they result in the greatest utility.

Which of the following legislation has increased the responsibilities on ethics officers and boards of directors to monitor financial reporting?

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the critical

awareness level.

According to the World Trade Organization, which of the following products and services are most vulnerable to protectionism?

Shoes, cars, and steel

Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?

Significant others

_______allows for private ownership of property and features a large government equipped to offer such services as education and health care to its citizens

Social democracy.

An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

Social system and conscience maintenance

What concept refers to economic theories advocating the creation of a society where wealth and power are distributed evenly, relative to the amount of work expended in production?

Socialism

Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?

Spouses

Which option includes the assessment and improvement of business strategies, economic ectors, work practices, technologies, and lifestyles while maintaining the natural environment?

Sustainability

Aurico is a company that offers ethics hotline maintenance and monitoring services for organizations. Which component of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations compliance program does this service help organizations to satisfy?

Systems for monitoring, auditing, and reporting misconduct

Compare and contrast the two moral philosophies: teleology and deontology

Teleological philosophies assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences, deontologists argue that there are some things we should not do, even to maximize utility.

Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?

Teleology

These values were developed by a reverend and the UN Secretary General. They express support for universal human rights.

The Global Sullivan Principles

What are the roles of the IMF

The IMF makes short-term loans to member countries with deficits and provides foreign currencies for its members

The benefit of healthcare is being debated as to whether it is a right or privilege. Which of the following countries does not consider health care to be a right?

The United States

What are the roles of the WTO

The WTO administers its own trade agreements, facilitates trade negotiations, settles trade disputes, and monitors the trade policies of membernations.

What is not a necessity for strong ethical leaders to make good decisions?

The ability to coerce subordinates

Which industry invests the most in alternative clean energy sources?

The automobile industry

What is a living wage?

The minimum wage that a worker requires to meet basic needs.

Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives?

The relativist perspective

Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?

The relativist perspective

Which of the following is not an article in the UN Human Rights Declaration?

The right to electricity and running water

The world's forests are being destroyed at a rate of nearly 50,000 square miles annually. The reasons for this wide scale destruction are varied and include all except:

The soil is great for farming

Which of the following is not a habit of ethical leaders?

They are primarily concerned with themselves

Which of the following statements about codes of conduct is false?

They guarantee an ethical business climate.

Which of the following is not a criticism of or charge against multinational corporations (MNCs)?

They pay excessively high taxes everywhere

For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?

This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.

Which of the following is not an advantage of having a comprehensive code of conduct?

To help employees fight for satisfactory levels of compensation and benefits.

What is the purpose of the UN Global Compact?

To promote human rights, sustainability, and eradicate corruption

_____may be more inclined to engage in unethical organizational conduct because of social isolation that creates insensitivity and a lower level of motivation to regulate ethical decision making.

Top managers

Congress passed the_______ to empower the EPA with the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States.

Toxic Substances Control Act

These leaders are passionate about the company, live out corporate values daily in their behavior in the workplace, and form long-term relationships with employees and other stakeholders.

Transactional

Which of the following types of leaders attempts to create employee satisfaction through bartering or negotiating for desired behaviors or level of performance?

Transactional leaders

___________leaders communicate a sense of mission, stimulate new ways of thinking, and enhance as well as generate new learning experiences.

Transformational

Which of the following leadership types has a strong influence on coworker support and building an ethical culture through increasing employee commitment and fostering motivation?

Transformational leaders

Which attribute of ethical leaders will not be effective unless the leader is personally involved in the organization's key ethical decisions?

Transparency

______and reporting are two major dimensions of ethical communication.

Transparency

_________refers to how members of a society respond to ambiguity. A high score means that a culture tends to minimize risk-taking.

Uncertainty avoidance

Which of the following is not a key area of global ethical risk, as outlined by the Eurasia Group?

Unequal levels of child labor laws

Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

Universal ethical principles

The_______formed in 1995 and administers its own trade agreements, facilitates future trade negotiations, settles trade disputes, and monitors the trade policies of member nations

World Trade Organization

Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind. Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?

Utilitarianism

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)?

Utilitarianism

A_____-based culture encourages employees to express concerns, bring up ethical issues, and take a proactive approach toward resolving conflicts.

Values

____________argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.

Virtue ethics

All of the following are facts about water pollution, except:

Water use is projected to decrease by 50% within 20 years.

As business facilitates exchanges, consumption beyond basic needs will increase globally. The important issues related to consumerism include all but which of the following?

What are the impacts of poor countries' consumption patterns on wealthy countries?

What is white collar crime

White-collar crime (WCC) are nonviolent business crimes defined by the Department of Justice as a "non-violent criminal act involving deceit, concealment, subterfuge and other fraudulent activity."

A strong ethics program includes all of the following elements except

a clause promising good stock market performance.

Geothermal energy provides_______and is a more dependable energy source than some other forms of alternative energy.

a constant source of heat

Although limiting urban sprawl creates disadvantages for_______, many businesses can benefit from urban renewal movements that reduce sprawl.

car and oil companies

At the heart of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is a

carrot-and-stick philosophy that rewards efforts to improve ethics.

Enlightened egoism

centers on one's longterm selfinterest but takes others' wellbeing into account.

The _______leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on achievement, initiative, and self-control.

coercive

When in Rome, do as the Romans do, or you must adapt to the cultural practices of the country in which you are operating are rationalizations businesspeople sometimes offer for straying from their own ethical values when doing business abroad. This practice is called

cultural relativism.

One of the main reasons employees do not report observed misconduct is

fear of retaliation.

Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second level

define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n)_________ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.

deontologist

Many managers are reluctant to engage in this step of the RADAR model because they fear doing so will uncover questionable conduct that could put the firm in an unfavorable light.

detect

A coaching leader builds a positive climate by

developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments

Trying to pinpoint who is responsible for environmental degradation is not always easy, especially when it involves

different countries

The practice of charging high prices for products sold in home markets while selling the same products in foreign markets at low prices, which do not cover the costs of exporting, is known as

dumping

Many businesses responded to sustainability by adopting a triple-bottom line approach; taking into consideration social and environmental performance variables in addition to______________

economic performance

Perhaps the most controversial form of alternative energy after nuclear power is________

ethanol

The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is

ethical issue intensity.

The individual responsible for implementing disciplinary action for violation of a firm's ethics standards is usually the

ethics officer.

Organizational_______________can contribute to diminished employee trust and increased employee turnover

ethics programs

People who believe in__________ , go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.

external locus of control

Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)

external locus of control.

The Kyoto Protocol created in 1997 is an international treaty meant to curb global________

greenhouse gas emissions

Stakeholder assessment is an important part of a _________ approach to environmental issues.

high-commitment

Ethical leadership should be based on

holistic thinking that embraces the complex issues facing firms every day.

in the United States,_______provides only 7% of total output but provides 19% of total electricity production worldwide, making it the largest form of renewable energy.

hydroelectric power

A code of ethics that does not address specific high-risk activities within the scope of daily activities is

inadequate

Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on______is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture.

informal relationships

Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.

internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.

The relationship between business ethics and age

is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.

Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions

is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.

A fundamental problem in traditional personal character development is that specific vales are used to teach about a philosophy, which may be inappropriate where cultural diversity and privacy must be respected. A solution is

to teach individuals intellectual skills that address the complexities of ethical issues in business

The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations require federal judges to increase fines for organizations that continually

tolerate misconduct

A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees may be a(n)

utilitarian

In the long run, a(n)______orientation may be better for companies, perhaps because it increases employees' awarenessofethicsissuesatwork.

values

Risk compartmentalization occurs when

various profit centers within an organization become unaware of the consequences of their actions on the firm as a whole.

The elements of______important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness.

virtue