Ethics

Psychological Situationism

maintains that various aspects of a person's situation can strongly influence how a person behaves and, in particular, how willing they are to help others.

Not becoming autonomy

illness Alzheimers never regain autonomy

What does he mean when he says "man is condemned to be free?"

it is impossible for us not to be free

What did his study reveal?

2/3 of all the participants fell into the category of obedient subjects.

What was the absolute lowest voltage that the subjects stopped on?

300v

What % of the people went up to the deadly 450v

65%

What happend in the experiment?

A volunteer was rigged to be a teacher who was supposed to administer shocks if the learner got a memory question wrong shocks went up to a 450v which can kill people

Autonomy

Ability to make free choices or a self aware

What are some characteristics that moral claims have, which can make them different from other kinds of normative claims?

Certains claims a norm overriding universalizable

Example of Normative claims

Claims of etiquette Prudential claims Legal claims Truth claims

What are some kinds of normative claims that may not necessarily be claims?

Etiquette/politeness/fashion Saying thank you/please holding door open hygene

Moral Autonomy

God gave man/woman capacity to choose between good and evil.

In what way could something like pleasure be considered the most foundational value in someone's theory of ethics?

Hedonism is the pleasure the foundational value

What question was Milgram trying to answer with his experiment ?

How far would people go to follow obedience to authority

What are consequences of relativism?

If the relativism is true then we have no standard objectives by which to judge one culture better than other

moral claim

Moral claims make assertions about good and bad or right and wrong examples: human life is fundamentally valuable

Relativism Ethics

Morality depends upon nothing more than what a given culture social group accepts as moral

What is the difference between descriptive and normative claims

Normative claims - refer to some norm or standard and reflect how things ought to do, should Ex: saying something is good, bad better than or worse than Descriptive claims - a statement that describes thing but makes no value judgement about it EX: that boy has large ears

What are some possible arguments against it

P: We observe cultures with different moral codes C: Morality must come into being with your social group

What kept the volunteers from stopping?

The fact that the professor kept telling them that they absolutely had to continue the shocks.

What it say about how human beings moral perception of the world takes place?

There are many factors and we are not responsible depend on situations

What are some good reasons to think that relativism is true?

There is nothing in the considerations has provided any good reason for accepting relativism

What caused Stanley milgram to do this experiment

To answer if Nazi accomplices were just following orders and if they were accomplices to murder

Ethical theory

attempts to explain right and wrong on terms of some basic foundational values

Sarte's "Abandonment"

each of us has been dumped into this world, all alone, with no excuses, and we are completely responsible for our own take on thing

non-moral normative claim

normative(value or prescriptive) claims that differ in their purposes and origins from moral claims

Paternalism

overruling people's choices and actions for their own good

Ethics

the systematic and reasoned study of morality and the claims

Intrustmental values

things that are useful for attaining something else of value if a value is purely instrustmental then it has no genuine worth in itself but only useful for what it can attain (Money, career)

Fundamental value

things that are valuable in themselves that has intrinsic worth would be happiness, life and knowledge

How does Sartre describe what it means to be a human being?

thinks that a particular human reality is a mixture of something and nothing We find ourselves as bodies, as defined by others, as having various roles and goals, as having events happen to us

What relation does this concept have to responsibility?

to making their own free choices without control of any external constraints

What does Sartre mean when he speaks about "existence" coming before "essence?"

we always find ourselves as a particular body, with a job or role in some social group, as being a type of person