Ethics and corporate responsibility CHPTR 1

Arthur Dobrin identified ___ questions you should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma.

8

Virtue Ethics

A moral theory that focuses on the development of virtuous character. (Based on the type of person you want to be)

Identify a true statement about the social contract legalistic orientation stage of Lawrence kholbergs stages of ethical reasoning

A person focuses on individual rights and the development of standards based on critical examination of society

Universal Ethics

Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal rather than based on the needs of the situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time.

Steps to solve an ethical dilemma

Analyze the consequences Analyze the actions you can take Take action

Examples of intrinsic value

Happiness Health Self respect

Lawerence Kohlbergs stages of ethical reasoning: postconventional

Individual makes a clear effort to outline moral values and principles that mirror an individual value system rather than simply reflecting a group position

Second stage of Lawrence kholbergs stages of ethical reasoning

Individualism, instrumentalist, and exchange orientation

Lawerence Kohlbergs stages of ethical reasoning: Conventional

Level where a person continues to become aware of broader influences outside of the family

Lawerence Kohlbergs stages of ethical reasoning: preconventional

Lowest level of moral development A persons response to a perception of right and wrong is initially directly linked to the expectation of punishment or reward

Example of a Instrumental value

Money

Six stages in Lawrence kholbergs ethical reasoning model

Obedience and punishment Individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange Good boy/nice girl Law and order Social contract Principled conscience

What is the first stage in lawerence kholbergs stages of ethical reasoning?

Obedience and punishment orientation

Mark, a student, believe it is wrong to interrupt people in mid conversation because the principle said so. Mark is in the ____ in lawerence kholbergs stages of ethical reasoning

Obedience and punishment orientation stage

Basic categories of ethics that most people think of

Personal integrity A simple truth Rules of appropriate individual behavior Times of appropriate behavior for a community or society

Highest level of ethical reasoning

Postconventional level

Lowest level of ethical reasoning

Preconventional

The levels of Lawrence kholbergs stages of ethical reasoning

Preconventional Conventional Postconventional

Intrinsic value

The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit or not.

Applied ethics

The study of how ethical theories are put into practice.

True or false The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong"behavior

True

True or false The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means

True

True or false The problem with virtue ethics is that societies can place different emphasis on different virtues

True

A person focuses on self-chosen ethical principles that are found to be exhaustive and consistent

Universal ethical principle orientation stage

Actions should be taken out of duty and obligation in ethical situations

Universal ethics

True or false The problem with ultitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few

False

True or false The problem with universal ethics is the idea that the ends justify the means

False

Golden rule

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Situation where there is -No obvious right or wrong answer, but rather a right or right answer

Ethical dilemma

True or false- morality is a set of morals dictated by society

False

True of false A society is a closed, confined unit in which people have to follow a distinct religion

False

True of false: a problem with the approach of utilitarianism to ethics is the notion that the actions taken to achieve an outcome are more crucial than the outcome itself

False

True or false Every religion shares the golden rule

False

Utilitarianism

Proposed by Scottish philosopher David Hume, the approach to ethics in which there is a focus on the actions that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Value system

Refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior

Culture

Refers to a specific set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals

Society

Refers to a structured community of people bound together by similar customs and traditions

Ethical reasoning

Refers to looking at the information available to people in resolving an ethical dilemma and drawing conclusions based on that information in relation to their own ethical standards

Ethics

The manner by which people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" and "wrong" behavior, in both how they think and behave towards others and how they would like others to think and behave towards them.

Ethical Relativism

a perspective that suggests that all ethical standards are relative Ethics based on subjective Not black and white

rules of appropriate individual behavior

They embody the idea that the moral standards individuals develop for themselves impact their behavior and decision on a daily basis

Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society

They remind that individuals must eventually bring their personal value system into a world that is shared with people who will most likely have both similar and different value system

Ethical Relativism

Traditions of one's society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles

Kholbergs states that is would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues and dilemmas at a level far beyond his or her life experience or education

True

Questions to consider when resolving an ethical dilemma

What are the facts? What can you guess about the facts you don't know? What do the facts mean? What does the problem look like through the eyes of people involved? What will happen if you choose one thing than another? What do your feelings tell you? What will you think of yourself if you decide on one thing or another? Can you explain and justify your decision to others?

Ethical dilemma

a decision that involves a conflict of values; every potential course of action has some significant negative consequences