Ethics exam 2
Public policies and government regulations are shaped by: Multiple Choice Business. Special interest groups. Government. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Which political action strategy seeks to gain support from other affected organizations to better influence policymakers? Multiple Choice Information strategy. Constituency-building strategy. Financial-incentive strategy. Lobbying strategy.
constituency-building strategy
Policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of a nation's currency are: Multiple Choice International standards policies. Social assistance policies. Fiscal policies. Monetary policies.
monetary policies
Economists reported that the costs of regulatory compliance were highest for: Multiple Choice Vehicle safety. Antitrust issues. Worker safety. Consumer protection.
Worker safety
In 2017 about what percentage of people around the world had no access to the Internet? Multiple Choice 98 percent. 52 percent. 25 percent. 5 percent.
52 percent.
Which of these factors has accelerated the current ecological crisis? Multiple Choice Population reduction. Economic stagnation. Rapid industrialization. All of these answers are correct.
Rapid industrialization.
Another name for unsolicited commercial emails is: Multiple Choice Spam. Junk email. UCE. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
The term circular economy refers to: Multiple Choice A production process that starts with raw materials, to product, usage, and disposal. The cradle to grave cycle. A production system that is regenerative by design. Extended product responsibility.
A production system that is regenerative by design.
Sustainability leaders have found that the most effective environmental management approach involves: Multiple Choice A team of line managers from across the business organization. Leadership from top-level executives who make all corporate decisions. Only shareholders. An engaged board of directors that dictates strategy.
A team of line managers from across the business organization.
Air pollution is accurately described by which of the following? Multiple Choice Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes. A majority of the people in the United States breathe unsafe air for at least part of the year. Air pollution caused by particulate matter is responsible for fewer than 600 premature or unnecessary deaths annually. The EPA has identified hundreds of "criteria" pollutants, relatively common harmful substances that serve as indicators of overall levels of air pollution.
Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes.
Both large and small businesses have adopted sustainable practices to what advantage? Multiple Choice Cost savings from operational efficiency. Opportunity to serve emerging economies. Reduction of regulatory risk. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Some argue that publishing personal DNA sequencing results is unethical because: Multiple Choice The results could compromise one's employment situation. Life insurance could be denied. The cost of health insurance could rise. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
The role of chief sustainability officer is described by which statement(s) Multiple Choice Typically reports to the CEO. Supervises staff across functional areas. Requires strong interpersonal skills. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
In some nondemocratic or authoritarian societies such as China, Pakistan, Iran, and North Korea, why did the governments generally intervene to restrict their citizens' access to information and various Internet and social media sites? Multiple Choice To suppress political dissent To impose religious or ideological views To increase bandwidth for government usage Both of these answers are correct: "To impose religious or ideological views" and "To suppress political dissent."
Both of these answers are correct: "To impose religious or ideological views" and "To suppress political dissent."
The core idea(s) of sustainable development is (are): Multiple Choice Economic development must be accomplished sustainably. Poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation. Affluence is an underlying cause of environmental degradation. Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.
Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.
What are the benefits of sequencing the human genome? Multiple Choice Helps early diagnosis of diseases. Allows the development of generic drugs. Spurs new ways to prevent illnesses. Both of these answers are correct: Helps early diagnosis of diseases; spurs new ways to prevent illnesses.
Both of these answers are correct: Helps early diagnosis of diseases; spurs new ways to prevent illnesses.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) is accurately described by which statement(s)? Multiple Choice It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies. Incorrect It is regarded as one of the most successful environmental laws. The funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified. Both of these answers are correct: It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies; and the funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified.
Both of these answers are correct: It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies; and the funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified.
An example of codes of environmental conduct that have been developed by and for specific industries include: Multiple Choice The Equator Principles. The Forest Stewardship Principles. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.
Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.
MIT researchers determined that 90 percent of shopper's credit-card transactions could be used to: Multiple Choice Uniquely identify an individual's shopping habits and preferences. Collect individual Social Security numbers. Identify an individual shopper using only four bits of secondary information. Both to uniquely identify an individual's shopping habits and preferences and to identify an individual shopper using only four bits of secondary information.
Both to uniquely identify an individual's shopping habits and preferences and to identify an individual shopper using only four bits of secondary information.
Studies have shown that green marketing has been most successful at what level? Multiple Choice Product. Service. Brand. Executive.
Brand.
A CIO is the company's: Multiple Choice Chief investigative officer. Chief information officer. Coordinator of international operations. Controller of internal overhead.
Chief information officer.
Life-cycle analysis involves: Multiple Choice Accurately recording the production costs at each stage of a product's life cycle. Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal. Reducing recycling costs for disposable products. Increasing productivity while improving the environment.
Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal.
Companies that reduce pollution and hazardous waste, reuse or recycle materials, and operate with greater energy efficiency achieve a competitive advantage due to: Multiple Choice Technological innovation. Product differentiation. Green marketing. Cost savings.
Cost savings.
One major advantage of conducting business online is: Multiple Choice Enhanced local presence. Cost-effective marketing and promotions No need for professional customer service. Web security is less costly than physical security.
Cost-effective marketing and promotions
A corporate political strategy does not: Multiple Choice Hinder a competitor's ability to compete economically. Seek to continue the firm's economic survival or growth. Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing. Exercise a firm's right to a voice in government affairs.
Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing.
The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called: Multiple Choice Ecological footprint. Technological innovation. Sustainable development. Consumption footprint.
Ecological footprint.
How did some authoritarian governments justify limiting citizens' access to the Internet? Multiple Choice Improved national security. Separated church and state. Ensured a broad spectrum of religious-political opinion. Protected the public from online scams.
Improved national security.
The information phase of technology primarily requires: Multiple Choice Sales and services. Intellectual and electronic skills. Manual and machine skills. The same skills as needed in previous phases.
Intellectual and electronic skills.
Increased cyber activity by which countries prompted NATO officials to brand them as "patriotic hackers"? Multiple Choice Russia and Estonia. Iran and China. Iraq and Pakistan. Mexico and Canada.
Iran and China.
Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by: Multiple Choice The Paris agreement which aims to limit the rise of the average global temperature. Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools. A Swiss company selling agricultural chemicals agreed to global sustainable development goals. Salesforce installed its own water recycling system.
Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools.
A firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model is best described by which statement? Multiple Choice Using innovation to create new sustainable technology. Focusing on all environmental impacts of the product life cycle. Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created. Incurring losses due to environmental costs.
Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created.
The role of the CIO includes all of these tasks except: Multiple Choice Acting as lead security officer. Educating the organization about technology initiatives. Marketing technology projects to stakeholders. Monitoring the appropriate level of employee productivity.
Monitoring the appropriate level of employee productivity.
An example of an economic regulatory agency is: Consumer Product Safety Commission. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Labor Relations Board.
NLRB
In 2017 which country had the most restrictive Internet censorship policies, completely blocking its citizens from conducting Internet searches and from using social media platforms? Multiple Choice Iran. China. Pakistan. North Korea.
North Korea.
Which of these activities is not considered to be a marine ecosystem threat? Multiple Choice Overfishing. Ocean pollution. Coastal development. Ocean alkalinity.
Ocean alkalinity.
Which of the following statements is not true about the population? Multiple Choice Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations. For many thousands of years, population growth was gradual. Industrial production would have to quintuple over the next 40 years in order to maintain the same living standard that people have now, given expected population growth. Just 10,000 years ago, the Earth was home to no more than 10 million humans, scattered in small settlements.
Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations.
The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies that: Multiple Choice Develop short-term partnerships between companies in developing countries to transfer environmental technologies. Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action. Avoid fully accounting for environmental costs in calculating measures of production such as the gross domestic product (GDP). Produce products with a limited useful life.
Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action.
According to the case Clean Cooking, the widespread adoption of clean cookstoves would provide which of the following benefits: Multiple Choice Reduced health risks. An increase in arable land. More take-out food options. Less entrepreneurial activity.
Reduced health risks.
A person's entitlement to protection from invasion of one's personal life is called the: Multiple Choice Right of free speech. Declaration of independence. Right to privacy. Principle of freedom.
Right to privacy.
Under U.S. sentencing guidelines, how would firms facing environmental violations typically be treated if they had an active compliance program and fully cooperated with investigators? Multiple Choice The same as any other violator. Their sentence would likely be lighter. Less prison time but higher fines. In almost all cases, the firm would receive only a warning.
Their sentence would likely be lighter.
Economic leverage occurs when a business uses its economic power to: Multiple Choice Hire lobbyists to gain a desired political action. Pay for the costs of regulation to acquire a desired political action. Threaten to leave a location unless a desired political action is taken. Buy out another firm to acquire a desired political action.
Threaten to leave a location unless a desired political action is taken.
One argument in favor of net neutrality is: Multiple Choice Businesses that pay more should have faster Internet. Broadband providers should have free reign to block any site they object to. To fairly compete, small, medium, and large firms should have the same Internet bandwidth. Individuals don't need fast Internet, only businesses do.
To fairly compete, small, medium, and large firms should have the same Internet bandwidth.
Which of these statements accurately describes a Super PAC? Multiple Choice Allows limited contributions from unions. Allows limited contributions from individuals. Is also called the dependent expenditure-only committee. Does not allow direct contributions to candidates or political parties.
does not allow direct contributions to candidates or political parties
Lobbyists, under U.S. law, must disclose their: Multiple Choice Political affiliation and expenses. Earnings only. Expenses only. Earnings and expenses.
earnings and expenses
In the 1980s, corn and soybeans were genetically modified, enabling farmers to spray for weeds without harming cultivated plants. At first, these changes were: Multiple Choice considered harmful to human beings. expected to increase crop yields per acre. rejected by most governments. viewed with extreme caution.
expected to increase crop yields per acre.
In a survey of 105 companies in 2017, the most frequent public affairs tactic was related to: Multiple Choice Grassroots issues. Political action committees. Issues management. Federal government relations.
federal gov relations
Hiring former government officials for positions in the corporate world is: Multiple Choice normally legal. typically illegal. against the Employment Act of 1946. against the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
normally legal.
When a business seeks to overturn a law after it has been passed or threatens to challenge the legal legitimacy of the new regulation in the courts, this is called: Multiple Choice Accumulating. Overturn lobbying. Legal challenges. Funneling.
Legal challenges.
The information strategy tool most used by business is: Multiple Choice Political contributions. Lobbying. Legal challenges. Direct communication.
Lobbying.
Companies that cultivate a vision of sustainability must adopt sophisticated strategic planning techniques to: Multiple Choice Increase the competitive advantage of other global organizations. Detect the limited number of internal factors that influence the employee performance reviews. Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment. Increase the number of government regulations that are passed to reduce pollution.
Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment.
The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings is called: Multiple Choice Robotics. Artificial intelligence. Cyborg knowledge. Autonomous brainpower.
Artificial intelligence.
In the case Political Action by the U.S. Steel Industry, 2015-2018, what is one reason that foreign-made steel prices were so much lower than U.S. steel? Multiple Choice Foreign steel-makers hired only union labor. American steel manufacturers were overcharging their customers. Many foreign governments subsidized their steel industries. U.S. steel prices were actually lower than foreign steel prices.
Many foreign governments subsidized their steel industries.
When the market fails to adjust for the full costs of a firm's behavior, this is called: Negative externalities. Deregulation. Market failure. Re-regulation.
Market failure
An example of a global regulation that mitigates the impact of jet fuel on the environment is: The Aviation Plan. The Clean Air Act. The Space Force Initiative. The International Space Station.
Aviation plan
Government's role is to create and enforce laws that: Control businesses' actions in society. Protect businesses' interest in society. Protect society from business. Balance the relationship between business and society.
Balance relationship between business and society
Sustainable development: Multiple Choice Meets the needs of the present while compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Gives precedence to environmental over economic considerations. Balances economic and environmental considerations. Gives precedence to present needs over future needs.
Balances economic and environmental considerations.
A compulsion to engage in rewarding behaviors, despite negative consequences is called: Multiple Choice Tissue engineering. Physical dependency. Behavioral addiction. Facebook fatigue.
Behavioral addiction.
A technological application that uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use is called: Multiple Choice Biosphere outcome. Metatechnology. Biology. Biotechnology.
Biotechnology.
One type of digital currency that operates outside the banking system using encrypted technology is: Multiple Choice Mastercard. Blockchain. Cryptocoin. Bitcoin.
Bitcoin.
The antitrust enforcement agencies in the United States have the legal authority to: Legalize and enforce fixed prices in the U.S. Fine EU firms unfairly operating in Europe. Block anticompetitive mergers in the U.S. Issue tariffs against a foreign nation involved in illegal business practices.
Block anticompetitive mergers in the US
Managers' understanding of government regulations is: Multiple Choice Both a domestic and international issue. Primarily a domestic issue. Primarily an international issue. An international issue only for large firms.
Both domestic and international issue
M-Commerce is facilitated primarily by: Multiple Choice Laptops. Personal computers. Mobile or cell phones. The government.
Mobile or cell phones.
An organization that produces net zero emissions of greenhouse gases is achieving: Multiple Choice Carbon offsets. Carbon credits. Carbon neutrality. Black carbon.
Carbon neutrality.
Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's global footprint? Multiple Choice Buying goods from firms that always seek to maximize their profits. Choosing less harmful products. Building more transit stops on the outskirts of town. Eating more beef.
Choosing less harmful products.
In the United States, the right to free speech: Multiple Choice Is an absolute privilege to all citizens. Is a constant threat to every business. Must be weighed against the consequences for the community. Depends on state law.
Must be weighed against the consequences for the community.
Government regulations help balance negative externalities such as: No smoking rules enforced to mitigate the effects of second-hand smoke. Gender controls over alcohol purchases and consumption. Drug testing at private businesses. Age restrictions for Social Security recipients.
No smoking rules enforced
Deregulation has occurred in the following industries: Commercial airlines, sheet metal, and interstate trucking. Commercial airlines, railroads, and financial institutions. Commercial airlines, interstate trucking, and silicon chip manufacturing. Financial institutions, railroads, and silicon chip manufacturing.
Commercial airline, railroad, and financial institution
A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses collectively is a(n): Multiple Choice Economic village. Collective resource. Global unification. Commons.
Commons.
The idea that every distribution channel must work together to deliver a unified and consistent customer experience is called: Multiple Choice Multi-channel. Natural monopoly. Fulfillment center. Omnichannel.
Omnichannel.
Possible costs of environmental regulation include all of the following except: Multiple Choice Unemployment. Reduced capital investment. Corporate restructuring. Lowered productivity.
Corporate restructuring.
Downloading illegal files, spreading computer viruses, and stealing from online bank accounts is collectively referred to as: Multiple Choice Hacking. Software piracy. Cybercrime. Internet censorship.
Cybercrime.
This annual international gathering on January 28 brought together leaders from the U.S. and dozens of European countries to address the global nature of cyberattacks: Multiple Choice Cyberattack Awareness Day. Anti-cyber International. International Defense Against Web Attacks (IDAWA). Data Privacy Day.
Data Privacy Day.
With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably: Multiple Choice Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years. There would be a balance between demand and supply within a hundred years. Supply would exceed demand within a hundred years. None of these answers is correct.
Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years.
The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include: Multiple Choice Developing national conservation strategies. Eliminating CFC production. Population control education. Massive irrigation projects in developing countries.
Developing national conservation strategies.
This Act makes it a crime to circumvent antipiracy measures built into most commercial software agreements between the manufacturers and their users: Multiple Choice Software Business Piracy Act. Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Intellectual Property Millennium Act. Copyright Act of 1998.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the Earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of: Multiple Choice Ecologically sustainable organizations. Concerned citizens. Codes of environmental conduct. Environmental regulations.
Ecologically sustainable organizations.
When a government orders companies not to conduct business in another country because of a war, human rights violations, or lack of a legitimate government; these orders are called: Government bailouts. Political sanctions. Economic sanctions. Government stop-orders.
Economic sanction
Which of the following are examples of natural monopolies? Electric utilities and railroads. Cable television and the media. Internet services and trucking. None of these answers are correct.
Electric and railroads
One of the biggest challenges for autonomous vehicle manufacturers, according to the case The Arrival of Autonomous Cars—Bright Future or Looming Threat? was: Multiple Choice Keeping production costs low enough to make a profit. Ensuring the vehicles were safer than driver-controlled automobiles. Complying with international autonomous vehicle regulations. Building cars luxurious enough to attract wealthy customers.
Ensuring the vehicles were safer than driver-controlled automobiles.
When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called: Multiple Choice Inter-organizational alliances. Environmental partnerships. Cross-functional teams. Command and control.
Environmental partnerships.
According to the discussion case, Hydraulic Fracturing—Can the Environmental Impacts Be Reduced?, the primary purpose of fracking is to: Multiple Choice Extract crude oil and gas. Mine shale. Recover lost hydrocarbons. Collect water through backflow treatment.
Extract crude oil and gas.
An example of a regulatory agency charged with enforcing social regulation is: Multiple Choice Federal Aviation Administration. Federal Trade Commission. Federal Communications Commission. Internal Revenue Service.
FTC
The EU law passed in 2018 that required companies to promptly report personal data breaches was called: Multiple Choice Digital Millennial Copyright Act. Right to be Forgotten. General Data Protection Regulation. Global Policy Forum.
General Data Protection Regulation.
Software piracy is a major problem in which part of the world? Multiple Choice Globally. North America only. Asia only. Europe only.
Globally.
Over time the role of the CIO: Multiple Choice Has remained about the same. Has decreased in level of responsibility. Has changed dramatically, superseding the role of the chief executive officer. Has become more integrated into the overall strategic direction of the firm.
Has become more integrated into the overall strategic direction of the firm.
A thin layer of gas that protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun is: Multiple Choice Ozone. Carbon dioxide. Methane. Oxygen.
Ozone.
The practice of using fake business emails in order to trick users into divulging personal data, such as usernames and passwords, is called: Multiple Choice Phishing. Pharming. Tweeting. Hacking.
Phishing.
In 2017 mobile payment usage was largest for which type of purchase? Multiple Choice Food and drinks. Mobile applications. Physical goods. Services.
Physical goods.
One of the oldest financial-incentive strategy tools is: Multiple Choice Political action committee contributions. Political consulting aid. Advocacy advertising. Lobbying.
Political action committee contributions.
A common tactic in a financial-incentive political strategy is: Multiple Choice Lobbying. Legal challenges. Expert witness testimony. Political contributions.
Political contributions.
Environmental justice is a movement to: Multiple Choice Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste. Identify polluters and require them to pay for the cleanup of their toxic waste. Reduce pollution at the source, rather than treat and dispose of waste at the "end of the pipe." Specifically restrict the use of dangerous pesticides which can pollute groundwater.
Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste.
Economic regulations are illustrated by which action? Allowing market forces to set prices. Preventing anticompetitive business practices. Providing protection of pension benefits. Ensuring safe working conditions.
Preventing anticompetitive business practices
Which stage of corporate environmental responsibility focuses on the full life cycle of a product? Multiple Choice Pollution prevention stage. Clean technology stage. Product stewardship stage. Green management stage.
Product stewardship stage.
The primary way of accomplishing public policy is through: Waiting for businesses to act. Lobbying Congress. Regulation. Writing your politician.
Regulation
In Japan's pluralistic public policy process, who are the major participants? Multiple Choice Members of religious institutions and non-profits. Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor. Military personnel and top law enforcement agents. Professors and other members of academia.
Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor.
Rapid economic development is often accompanied by: Multiple Choice Increasing population growth. Greatly decreased crop yields. Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste. Decreasing incomes, bringing rates of both consumption and waste.
Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste.
General Electric's "Ecomagination" effort to invest in clean technology is an example of: Multiple Choice Pollution prevention. Product stewardship. Clean technology. None of these answers is correct.
Clean technology.
Since 2008, the total amount spent on lobbying activity has: Multiple Choice Remained exactly the same. Doubled. Decreased slightly. Increased slightly.
Decreased slightly.
Which country has made the greatest progress in reducing its solid waste stream? Multiple Choice United Kingdom. Germany. Sweden. United States.
Sweden.
The place where information is stored, ideas are described, and communication takes place in and through an electronic network of linked systems is called: Multiple Choice The personal computer. Cyberspace. Cloud computing. Communication.
Cyberspace.
Buying and selling goods and services electronically is called: Multiple Choice M-commerce. E-business. Telecommunications. Intellectual property.
E-business.
The process of firms buying and selling the right to pollute is an example of which type of environmental regulation? Multiple Choice Command. Control. Market-based. Emissions charges.
Market-based.
Hackers employed by businesses or governments to intentionally discover weaknesses in information systems are called: Multiple ChoiceGray hatters. Black hatters. White hatters. Mad hatters.
White hatters.
Past decisions of the courts, the original basis for the U.S. legal system, are called: Multiple Choice Torts. Amendments. Legitimate actions. Common laws.
common laws
A company that builds stakeholder coalitions to influence government is using which strategy? Multiple Choice Informational. Financial-incentives. Constituency-building. Friendly forces.
constituency-building
The ideas, concepts, and other symbolic creations of the human mind are often referred to as: Multiple Choice logos. symbols. resource repository. intellectual property.
intellectual property.
Dark money refers to: Multiple Choice Anonymous contributions to for-profit organizations. Money collected illegally by PACs. Soft money. Undisclosed contributions to tax-exempt organizations.
Undisclosed contributions to tax-exempt organizations.
European Union regulators accused Uber of engaging in: Price-fixing. False advertising. Unfair competition. Unhealthy working conditions.
Unfair competition
In the case Should Facebook be Regulated, the primary market failure was: Sales incentives to protect user data exceeded those of selling the data. Sales incentives to sell user data exceeded those of protecting user privacy. The market naturally disincentivized the sale of personal data and there was no market failure. Unplanned costs to distribute user data exceeded the costs of selling the data.
Sales incentive to sell user data exceeded those of protecting user privacy
We are currently in which phase in the development of technology? Multiple Choice Industrial. Service. Information. Semantic.
Semantic.
Natural capital refers to the world's: Multiple Choice Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things. Combined stock ownership. Combined capital investments. Supply of sustainable developers.
Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things.
Public policy tools involve a combination of: Incentives and political favors. Penalties and prison terms. Incentives and penalties. Political favors and prison terms.
Incentives and penalties
The purpose of the right to be forgotten is to: Multiple Choice Increase protection of privacy and personal information. Protect property rights. Protect intellectual property. Prevent software privacy.
Increase protection of privacy and personal information.
As of 2017 the volume of global spam email messages has declined primarily due to: Multiple Choice Increased anti-spam protections. Less interference by governments. Consumers utilizing the Do Not Call option. A decrease in the number of emails.
Increased anti-spam protections.
The phase of technology that focuses on building material goods and manual labor is: Multiple Choice Agrarian. Service. Industrial. Information.
Industrial.
The annual EPA report Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is an example of which environmental policy type? Multiple Choice Cap-and-trade system. Government incentives. Criminal enforcement. Information disclosure.
Information disclosure.
According to McKinsey and Company, which position cannot be easily replaced with robots? Multiple Choice Repetitive factory jobs. Clerks and bookkeepers. Team managers. Legal researchers.
Team managers.
Advocacy ads are also called: Multiple Choice Issue advertisements. Research and development plans. Constituent advertisements. Price control advertisements.
Issue advertisements.
The Toxic Substances Control Act is accurately described by which of the following? Multiple Choice It required reductions in urban smog, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions. It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals. It promoted nontoxic chemicals and fuels for business use. It authorized funds for treatment plans and toxic waste cleanup.
It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals.
Arable land is accurately described by which statement? Multiple Choice It is a renewable resource. Over 50 percent of the irrigated lands in developing countries have been desalinized. Poor farming practices have caused arable lands to turn into swamps. Soil erosion helps to distribute dirt across arable lands.
It is a renewable resource.
When environmentally proactive companies seek out imaginative, innovative new methods for reducing pollution and increasing efficiency, they are adopting which strategy? Multiple Choice Technological innovation. Product differentiation. Brand differentiation. Cost savings.
Technological innovation.
A critical characteristic of a successful CIO is: Multiple Choice Someone who relies on the chain of command. A leader with the ability to speak the language of the business. Dedicated to full-time back-office work. An expert on databases.
A leader with the ability to speak the language of the business.
An example of a hacking job motivated by retaliation is: Multiple Choice A person hacks a government website to act against inaction by the government. A foreign government stole data from U.S. institutions and asked for ransom to return it. A white hatter broke into a major software firm's computer network exposing security flaws. A gray hatter revealed previously unreported bugs on a popular online shopping site.
A person hacks a government website to act against inaction by the government.
The self-reinforcing feature of technology means that: Multiple Choice Civilization develops at an uncontrollable pace. Developing economies demand newer and larger innovations. Technology acts as a multiplier to encourage its own faster development. An invention in one place is localized only.
Technology acts as a multiplier to encourage its own faster development.
According to an Oxford University study, what percentage of current jobs were expected to be overtaken by robots in the next two decades? Multiple Choice About 50 percent. Only around 10 percent. Nearly 90 percent. Less than one percent.
About 50 percent.
This term refers to the practical applications of science and knowledge to commercial and organizational activities. Multiple Choice Technology. E-commerce. Agrarian. Semantic.
Technology.
Which of the following statements is not true with respect to acid rain? Multiple Choice A primary source of acid rain is coal-fired utilities. Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere. Acid rain is worse in some regions of the United States than others. Acid rain degrades buildings.
Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere.
The fastest growing region for Internet usage growth from 2000 to 2017, was: Multiple Choice North America. Asia. Latin America/Caribbean. Africa.
Africa.
Depletion of the ozone layer, destruction of the rain forests, and species extinctions all have an impact on: Multiple Choice All of society. A particular region. A particular nation. Only developing countries.
All of society.
Emission fees are accurately characterized by which statement(s)? Multiple Choice Each business is charged for the undesirable pollution that it emits. Companies emitting more pollutants end up paying more pollution taxes. Revenues from emission fees can be used to support environmental efforts. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by: Multiple Choice Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing. Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored. Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection? Multiple Choice Air pollution. Water pollution. Solid and hazardous waste. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Many rapid changes in technology over the past few decades were facilitated by: Multiple Choice Artificial intelligence. Wireless networks. Processing of enormous amounts of data. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
The use of robotics in the workplace has increased recently because: Multiple Choice The cost of robots has decreased. Robots are more reliable than people. New collaborative machines have been invented. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
An example of industrial ecology in practice is: Multiple Choice Developing a paper recycling program in business offices. Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process. Manufacturing recyclable containers for products. All of these answers are correct.
Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process.
Regulation can be argued as justified based on: Multiple Choice Collective market theory. Utilitarian and justice grounds. The life cycle of regulation. Tradition.
Utilitarian and justice grounds
Businesses promote an information strategy by inviting government leaders to: Multiple Choice Visit local plant facilities. Attend company award ceremonies. Give speeches to employees. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Proponents of business as a political participant argue: Multiple Choice A pluralistic system invites many participants. It is business's constitutional right to be involved. Business is a vital stakeholder of government. Both of these answers are correct: A pluralistic system invites many participants; and business is a vital stakeholder of government.
both
Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they: Multiple Choice Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder. Can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue. Increase union activity and long-term expenses for an organization. Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
both
Which of the following represents a structural remedy for an antitrust violation? Multiple Choice Paying a large fine. Breaking up a monopoly. Disclosure of company information to rivals. Agreeing to change a firm's conduct.
breaking up monopoly
To influence government policymakers' actions, an information strategy involves: Multiple Choice Business leaders speaking before government policymakers. Government policymakers hiring special interest groups for fact-finding projects. Businesses listening to government policymakers in order to develop a corporate strategy. Gaining support from other affected organizations.
business leaders speaking before gov policymakers
Which of the following is not a constituency-building strategy tool? Multiple Choice Expert witness testimony. Advocacy advertising. Public relations. Legal challenges.
expert witness testimony
Expert witness testimony is often collected: Multiple Choice Through company newsletters. On the steps of the White House. In congressional hearings. From The Wall Street Journal.
in congressional hearings
Reregulation is: Multiple Choice The adoption of regulation in another country to promote trade. Necessary since all regulation has a time limit. The increase or expansion of government regulation. The shifting of regulation to the state level from the national level.
increase or expansion of gov regulation
To help control political favoritism, there have been global efforts to: Multiple Choice Promote fairness in the electoral process. Control the rapid decrease in campaign costs. Diminish the role of political parties. Discourage grassroots participation.
promote failures in the electoral process
The Mullahs in Iran is an example of the power of government derived from: Multiple Choice A monarchy. A military dictatorship. A religious authority. A democracy.
religious authority
Total social regulation costs are: Slightly higher than total economic regulation costs. Slightly less than total economic regulation costs. Significantly higher than total economic regulation costs. Equal to total economic regulation costs.
significantly higher than total economic regulation cost
Cooperation between business and government often occurs when: Multiple Choice They encounter a common problem or enemy. Business can afford it. Business operates at arm's length from the government. Government has the support of the people.
they encounter a common problem or enemy
