Ethics Exam #2 Study Guide

All whistle-blowing policies should include _______.

A guarantee against retaliation.

It is not generally illegal to discriminate on the basis of _____.

Ability.

The question of intellectual property ownership becomes most complicated when _____.

An inventor works for a company that manufactures the invention.

Arthur Andersen's double role with Enron represented a conflict of interest because ______.

Arthur Andersen had incentive to not make criticisms that would hurt its consulting role.

A Kantian argument for privacy focuses on ______.

Autonomy.

The main motivation for there to be whistleblower-protection laws is that whistleblowers _______.

Benefit Society.

One of the biggest issues in consumer privacy is when ______.

Companies sell their collected information to other companies.

The Freedom of Information Act of 1966 had the unforeseen consequence of ______.

Compromising confidentiality about private individuals.

Conflicts of interest are an ethical problem for a business because they _______.

Create incentive for company representatives to act against others' best interest.

One source of the idea that trade secrets are a form of property is the view that _____.

Each person owns the product of his/her labor.

A whistle-blower is primarily motivated by?

Ethical Concern

An example of an acceptable use of employees' medical information would be _______.

For determining benefits that would be needed.

The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 ______.

Has been effective in protecting against domestic spying.

Some corporations have an ombudsman, whose role is to _______.

Hear Complaints

If a company gains information on a company through misrepresentation, this is a breach of ______.

Honesty.

Employers can be found guilty of discrimination if _____.

If the effects were just as through discrimination had occurred.

Which of the following is necessary for whistle-blowing to occur?

Information

On what basis might one argue that affirmative action hurts those it is designed to help?

It ensures minorities, women, veterans, and the disabled are hired on a basis other than their qualifications.

A utilitarian in opposition to discrimination would say that discrimination is wrong because ______.

It makes productivity suffer.

A non-consequentialist might argue against discrimination on the basis of ______.

Its being unjust.

One who supports affirmative action on the basis of compensation would argue on the basis of _____.

Justice.

The Wexler case found that Greenberg had the right to own his own formulas because ______.

Not allowing him to do so would unfairly restrict his ability to compete with the new company.

To protect consumers' privacy on the Internet, ABC Corporation is comparing several strategies. To best protect privacy, the company should allow its customers to _____.

Opt out of information collection because it is most comprehensive.

When a superior uses the power of the position to grant or deny employment benefits unless a subordinate employee agrees to sexual favors, this is considered _____.

Quid pro quo harassment.

An employer can successfully defend a religious discrimination claim by _____.

Showing that an accommodation request is unreasonable and would cause undue hardship to the employer.

Employees who are most upset with a company will most often ______.

Simply leave the company.

Why is the loyal agent argument supported by the law?

The argument is supported because the agent is contractually obligated to perform his or her duty.

Utilitarian arguments for privacy focus on ______.

The harm in violation.

Trade-secret protection agreements that are based on confidentially assume that ______.

The trade secret was not developed by the employee.

Loyalty to a corporation can sometimes lead to whistleblowing if _______.

The whistleblower wants to see change in the corporation.

Why are legal restrictions placed on non-competition agreements?

They can result in difficulty for an employee to subsequently find suitable work.

Employers may want to use psychological testing on employees primarily _______.

To gauge suitability for a job.

Employers feel the need to monitor their employees at work primarily ______.

To maintain productivity.

An argument used by employers to justify "off the clock" policies is _______.

To promote a safe workplace.

The two Challenger spacecraft engineers who were concerned about possible O-ring failure were unsuccessful at whistleblowing because they ______.

Tried to resolve the matter internally at Morton Thiokol.

Discrimination is widely considered unethical because it is _______.

Unjust.

Courts have difficulty determining _____.

What constitutes a trade secret.

Which of the following is the best definition of privacy?

When certain facts are not known to others.

Sexual harassment can be a form of discrimination _____.

When it involves a hostile work environment.

The main reason that companies should have a whistle-blowing policy is that _______.

Wrongdoing harms them.