Eukaryotic Cells

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication takes place in the: 1. nucleus 2. cytoplasm 3. mitochondria

1 and 3: nucleus and mitochondria

At which pH level would a lysosome's enzyme function best? 1, 5, 7, or 9?

5- slightly acidic conditions

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of cell theory? A. all cells are capable of reproducing B. the cell is the basic unit of life C. all cells arise from preexisting cells D. all organisms are composed of one or more cells

A. all cells are capable of reproducing

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. folding and modifying newly synthesized proteins B. Digesting toxic materials in the cytoplasm C. Packaging proteins for leaving the cell D. transporting proteins to the G.A.

A. folding and modifying newly synthesized proteins

How are peroxisomes different from lysosomes? A. peroxisomes are not packaged at the golgi B. peroxisomes are not membrane bound C. peroxisomes do not exist in eukaryotes D. lysosomes do not exist in eukaryotes

A. peroxisomes are not packaged at the golgi

Which of the following is a function of the smooth ER? A. it synthesizes proteins from mRNA B. it synthesizes lipids C. it provides a site for protein production D. it generates ATP

B. It synthesizes lipids

Why is the rough ER called rough? A. Because it is the site of toxic waste disposal B. Because it is studded with tRNA C. Because it is studded with ribosomes D. Because it operates at a low pH

C. Because it is studded with ribosomes

Which is NOT a similarity between nuclei and mitochondria? A. double membrane B. presence of DNA C. membrane embedded proteins D. use of binary fission

D. binary fission

Which is a function of the Golgi? A. synthesizing proteins from mrNA B. neutralizing toxins C. providing a site for protein production D. packaging proteins that will leave the cell

D. packaging proteins that will leave the cell

which proteins are multimeric? (a multimeric protein describes a protein that contains two or more subunits) a. F-actin b. g-actin c. keratin d. lamin

F actin, keratin, and lamin

neurons must have extensive: a. desmosomes b. microfilaments c. microtubules d. intermediate filaments

Microtubules: They are heavily implicated in transporting cargo around a cell - for example, vesicles containing neurotransmitters. Kinesins and dyneins are motor proteins which "walk" along microtubules like a road.

T/F: only mutations to the mitochondrial genome in mothers are heritable to offspring

T: mitochondria are inherited only from mothers, will not be passed down by father's DNA

Which of the following would be significantly increased by mutations affecting microtubule function? Select all that apply. a. birth defects b. mucus buildup in the throat c. male sterility d. DNA replication errors

a. birth defects b. mucus buildup c. male sterility due to chromosomal nondisjunction

Which processes do mitochondria play the biggest role?

aerobic cellular respiration (i.e. the krebs cycle, ETC, and ATP synthase)

Membrane bound organelles include: smooth ER ribosome mitochondria rough ER

all except ribosome

a cell is isolated that contains no organelles: which likely cell type is it? a. platelet b. RBC c. leukocyte d. neuron

b. RBC these cells expel their nuclei, genetic material and organelles during maturation processes. this is why RBCs are least helpful when studying genetic mutations

A loss-of-function mutation in a gene that codes for tubulin would most directly inhibit which of the following processes in meiosis? a. chromosome duplicaton b. chromosome separation c. genetic recombinaton d. chromosome condensation

b. chromosome separation

Which of the following are most likely NOT potential functions of cytoskeletal capping proteins? Select all that apply. a. cell movement b. promoting cytoskeletal polymer degradation c. muscle contraction d. promoting the Krebs cycle

b. promoting polymer degradation (capping proteins would inhibit degradation as it would prevent actin polymer breakdown) d. krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria

True or false: Dyneins are the accessory proteins that carry neurotransmitter-containing vesicles to a neural synapse.

false: kinesins, move from the center towards the cell's edge/ move towards the synapse

True or false: Secretory proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-face of the Golgi apparatus.

false: secretory proteins are transported from the ER to the cis-face of the golgi; there they are packaged and then transported from medial to trans-face

what plays a role in cell movement?

microfilaments such as F-actin, G-actin

Centrioles are the major organizing center of :

microtubules

what maintains the structural integrity of the cell?

microtubules

place the following fibers in order of decreasing diameter: actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments

Which of the following organelles is thought to have been created when specialized bacteria survived endocytosis into other bacteria? a. mitochondria b. golgi c. lysosome d. peroxisome

mitochondria: based on the endosymbiotic theory

capping a microfilament at the plus end would result in the microfilament: a. growing b. staying the same c. shrinking d. impossible to predict

shrink: capping prevents addition/removal of monomers; actin monomers fall off the minus end, and capping the plus end means no additional monomers would be added

microtubules are found in cilia and flagella of which cell types? a. sperm cells b. E.coli c. tracheal epithelial cells d. fallopian tube epithelial cells

sperm cells, tracheal epithelial cells, and fallopian tube epithelial cells

In which structure is are ribosomes assembled?

the nucleolus

True or false: damaged or malformed actin might lead to easily torn muscle fibers

true: muscle fibers contain actin microfilaments, where their movement causes muscle contraction in conjunction with myosin