Euro Ch. 22 & 23
Otto von Bismarck was
- Part of the landowning aristocracy of Prussia - A leading proponent of Realpolitik - A shrewd diplomat who kept Germany from being isolated during Prussia's miltiary conflicts
which of the following was not a part of the emergence of the late nineteenth-century mass society?
diminishment of the conditions of the lower classes
the scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weight was
dmitri mendeleyev
the scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weights was
dmitri mendeleyev
What new energy source powered the second industrial revolution?
electricity
auguste comte was responsible for
founding the discipline of sociology
the romantic nationalist who challenged cavour for control of southern italy was
garibaldi
the Red Shirts fought for
garibaldi, italy
t he english reform act of
gave english agricultural workers the right to vote
the leading industrial power in europe after 1870 was
germany
Elsewhere in the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels asserted that
Capitalism was necessary stage of economic and social development before communism
According to Karl Marx, the final result of the struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat would be
a classless society
among the key political consequences of Disraeli's reform act of 1867 was
a large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of liberal and conservative political parties
Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was
a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities
in late 19th-century europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to
a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations
reforms in urban living included all of the following except
a successful effort to clean up all polluted rivers and lakes
karl marx embraced the german philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning
all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements
karl marx embraced the german philosopher hegel's idea of the dialectic
all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements
emigration from europe was spurred by
all of the above
between 1890 and 1914, family patterns among the working class
allowed for dependence on the income of husbands an the wages of grown children
women were given the right to take qualifying exams for medical school in Britain in 1876 by
an act of parliament
women were given the right to take qualifying exams for medical school in britain in 1876 by
an act of parliament
The dominant foreign power in italy prior to unification was
austria
What policy did Russia's Alexander III and Nicholas II pursue after assassination of Alexander II?
autocracy
elizabeth poole sanford argued that women should
avoid being self sufficient
in addition to examining everyday life, the literary realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in
avoiding sentimental language by using careful observation and description
By 1870, by far the largest producer of pig iron was
great britain
the realist novelist Madame bovary indicated his contempt for middle-class hypocrisy and smugness was
gustave flaubert
the realist novelist madame bovary indicated his contempt for middle-class hypocrisy and smugness was
gustave flaubert
a rise in female prostitution in european cities during the later 19th centruy can best be attributed to
heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival
which of the following statements best applied to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?
his theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determines their survival
which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin ad his evolutionary theory
his theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fittest" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival
What gender role did working-class organizations prescribe for women during the Second Industrial Revolution?
housewives
Social trends in the late 19th century did not include
increased church attendance
in a cartel
independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas
charles parnell, the leader of the Irish representatives in parliament, called for
irish self-gvmt through a separate parliament but not complete independence
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in
january 1, 1863
the light bulb was invented independently by thomas edison and
joseph swan
In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850's looked for leadership from
king of piedmont
Which woman became a leading figure of the Paris Commune?
louis michel
thomas cook was a pioneer in
mass tourism
Napoleon's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in
mexico
Which of the following was not a white-collar job made available to women in the ninteenth century
minister
Which of the following was not a factor that impacted the experience of mass leisure?
new forms of transportation
who once said "I was born and raised as an aristocrat?"
otto von bismarck
The biggest challenge that the French Third Republic faced before it stabilized politically was the
paris commune
as a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, france had to
pay an indemnity to prussia of five billion francs
the largest segment of european society in the 19th cent. was composed of
peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants
Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification
practiced realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy
a new development in the age of mass leisure was
professional sports
the dominant literary and artistic movement in the 1850s and 1860s was
realism
What was the chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880?
rising birth rate
the final act of italian unification occurred in 1870 when
rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of french troops
bismarck goaded the austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of
schleswig-holstein
the first international
served as a type of umbrella organization for all European labor interests
the first international
served as a type of umbrella organization for all european labor interests
What was the simple largest political party in Germany by 1912?
social democrats
Which of the following nations was the least industrially advanced by 1900?
spain
the second industrial revolution saw the advent of what new product?
steel
european middle-class families during the late 19th cent.
stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for future roles
Which one of the following did not play a key role in paving the way for new industrial frontiers during the Second Industrial Revolution?
textiles
According to Darwin, natural selection will favor the animal
that was best adapted to its environment
In the Italian War of 1859, Piedmont was allied with
the French under the rule of Napoleon III
The Eastern Question refers to the disintegration of
the Ottoman Empire
the reforms of tsar alexander II centered around
the abolition of serfdom
which of the following was a major development in british politics before 1914?
the continual growth of political democracy
An issue that brought socialists together in the 19th century was
the desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers
an issue that brought socialists together in the 29th century was
the desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers
An overall result of the Crimean War was
the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German unification
which one of the following did not account for the increasing population in europe between 1850 and 1880?
the eradication of polio
the zollverein describes
the german states' customs union dominated by prussia
Of the following, under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in
the industrial development of France
What came to dominate European lives by 1871?
the national state
the upper classes in the late 19th cent. included all of the following except
the professional classes, including lawyers, doctors, and engineers
the nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was
wagner
the american civil war (1861-1865)
was a clear precursor of "total war" in the 20th century
the Ausgleich or compromise of 1867
created the dual monarchy of austria-hungary
"sweating" jobs for women involved
the subcontracting of piecework, usually in the tailoring trades
Which of the following events indirectly led to the completion of the Italian unification?
the wars of german unification
Which statement best describes the middle classes of nineteenth-century Europe?
they were very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and Christian mortality
the trade union movement prior to WW1
varied from country to country, but was generally allied with socialist parties
early anarchists believed all of the following except
violence was the best means of achieving true freedom
Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man
Argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time.
Canada largely gained its independence in
1867 with the Dominion of Canada Act
canada largely gained its independence in
1867 with the dominion of canada act
How long did France's Third Republic last?
65 years
n 1914. what percentage of Britain's population lived in cities?
80%
As a statesman, Bismarck can best be appreciated as
A consummate politician and opportunist capitalizing on unexpected events and manipulating affairs in his favor
Which of the following was not a feature of the mass society that emerged in Europe after 1870?
A decline in Industrial Revolution
The Russian group People's Will
Assassinated Tsar Alexander III (1981-1894)
Elizabeth Blackwell
Became the first formally educated female doctor in America.
The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was
Camilo do Cavour
The immediate origins of the Franco-Prussian War concerned
Bismarck's devious editing of a telegram from King William I.
What did the Ottoman Empire refuse Russia before the beginning of the Crimean War?
Denied Russian privilege to protect Christian shrines (a privilege already given to the French)
In the opinion of the British prime minister, the proclamation of a newly unified German State ruled by an emperor in 1871
Entirely destroyed the previous European balance of power
What event brought an end to Louis Napoleon's Second Empire?
France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War
The leading realist novelist of the nineteenth century was
Frenchman Gustave Flaubert
Which factor contributed to the development of industry in Japan?
Government planning and initiative
What was Octavia Hill's housing venture designed to achieve?
Give the poor an environment they could use to improve themselves
What happened to the European population between 1850 and 1910?
Increased from 270 million to 460 million
Which didn't lead to the Kingdom of Piedmont's leading role in Italian unification?
It's alliance with Austria
As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck
Largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization
Anarchist movements were most successful in
Less industrialized and less economic countries where ordinary people could see no hope of peaceful political change
The Russian zemstvos were
Local assemblies with limited self-governing powers.
the germ theory of disease was primarily the work of
Louis Pasteur
Which trends best reflects the average western European family by 1900?
Lower numbers of children per family on average
Under the Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary, German-speaking Austrians and Hungarian Magyars
Repressed national minorities within their boundaries
Which two issues divided the Second International in the late nineteenth century?
Revisionism and nationalism
England and France enter red the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared growing influence in the Mediterranean by
Russia
What did Eduard Bernstein claim in his book Evolutionary Socialism?
Socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process
When the Irish representative in Parliament Charles Parnell called for "home rule" what was he requesting?
That Ireland get its own parliament but remain part of Great Britain
During the Franco-Prussian War
The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
The Second French Republic ended in 1851 when
The army overthrew the Republic in a coup
A result of Bismarck's Austro-Prussian War was
The exclusion of Austria from the North German Confederation
Which development played a key role in the development of the automobile?
The internal combustion engine
Which of the following statements best applies to Austria-Hungary before World War I?
The nationality problem restituted unsolved
Prussian leadership of German unification meant that
The triumph of authoritarian and militaristic values over liberal and constitutional values in the new German state.
What statement best describes employment opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution?
They changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector.
How did the Reform Act of 1867 influence both the Liberal and Conservative parties of Great Britain?
They were forced to organized more effectively in order to win support
Which of the following statements is correct regarding daughters in European working-class families?
They were fully expected to work until marriage.
the 19th century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was
Wagner
the communist manifesto of marx and engels
based all historical development in class struggle
the communist manifesto of marx and engels
based all historical development on class struggle
in 1871, william I was proclaimed kaiser, or emperor, of the second reich in
berlin
all of the following were used to limit family size in the late 19th cent. except
birth control
which of the following statements best applies to spain and italy in the late 19th century?
both countries remained second-rate european powers, less transformed by the economic and cultural innovations of the age
by 1900, in which one of the following countries had full literacy not been achieved?
bulgaria
Which of the following pairings does not accurately present a nation of origin with its leading export item bound for Europe?
chile and gold
which statement best applies to the germany under chancellor otto von bismarck
coalitions were used by bismarck to get what he wanted and then he dropped them
by 1900, most european educational systems
were free and compulsory at least at the primary level
splits between the french working and middle classes
were further widened by the brutal suppression of the paris commune in 1871
In 1852 the Second Empire in France was created
when French voters overwhelmingly voted for the restoration of the empire
