European Test

roman

what ancient peoples introduced the idea of a republic?

greek

what ancient peoples introduced the idea of democracy?

series of military expeditions by European Christians to take back control of Palestine from the muslims

what were the Crusades?

monks

who copied ancient manuscripts by hand?

Leader who granted all citizens the right to vote for government leaders

Why was Solan a significant ruler?

Influenced many law codes still used today

Why was the Justinian Code significant?

huge estates

define manors

Ural Mountains

300 million year old mountain ranges: divides Europe and Asia

Black Sea

300,000 anchovies a year are fished commercially here

Volga River

40% of the Russian population lives along this river

Mediterranean Sea

Ancient civilizations flourished here because of the climate

Pyrenees Mountains

Andorra is located in what mountain range?

Baltic Sea

Brackish inland sea that borders Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Russia, Estonia, and Latvia

North Sea

Coldest sea in the world

Bosporus Strait

Connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea and separates Europe from Asia

Black Sea

Connects with the Mediterranean by the Bosporus; 90% contains no oxygen

could not leave and find work for another lord without their lords permission

Define Serfs.

More salt than freshwater; less salt than seawater

Define brackish

Independent city that controls the surrounding area.

Define city-state

Rule by the people

Define democracy

Citizens vote directly

Define direct democracy

Social system in which landowners granted people land in exchange for military service or labor

Define feudal system.

governments ran by a small group of people

Define oligarchy

Danube River

Europe's 2nd longest river; empties into the Black Sea

Volga River

Europe's longest river

Loire River

France's longest river; "Garden of France"

Caucasus Mountains

Located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea; another divider of Europe and Asia

River Thames

Located in England; provides 2/3 of London's drinking water

Elbe River

Major waterway for Central Europe; links Berlin,, Wittenberg, Dresden, and Prague

Mediterranean Sea

1/3 of the world's total merchant shipping occurs here

Seine River

2nd longest river in France; flows through Paris

What building held the record for the largest dome until the 15 century?

Hagia Sophia

Alps

Highest and most extensive European mountain range; 65 million years old

Rhine River

Important transportation route since the Roman Empire

6th

In land area, Europe is the ___ largest

3rd

In population, Europe is the ___ largest

Carpathian Mountains

Mountain range in Slovakia, Ukraine, and Romania; Gerlach Peak is the highest point

Pyrenees Mountains

Mountain range that creates the border between France and Spain

Apennine Mountains

Mountain range that runs through Italy

Strait of Gibraltar

Only passage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

Channel Tunnel

Runs underwater and connects England and France

Made Athens the world's first direct democracy

Why was Pericles a significant ruler?

checks/balances & branches

What 2 ideas from the Roman government influenced the US government?

Jews & Muslims

What 2 religious groups were persecuted and expelled from many Western European countries?

English Channel

What body of water separates England from France

Mt. Elbrus

What is the highest point in Europe?

-Byzantine church became Eastern Orthodox Church -Western Church became Roman Catholic Church

What two churches emerged after the Great Schism?

Scholars studied culture & society by applying reason

What was Enlightenment?

1045 AD spitting apart of the Catholic Church

What was the Great Schism?

mass murer of 11 million people

What was the Holocaust?

christian kingdoms in Spain launched wars to conquer muslim areas

What was the Reconquista?

Religious movement that led to the founding of Protestant Churches

What was the Reformation?

time of political and social changes in Europe

What was the Renaissance?

series of major advances in science during the 1500's & 1600's

What was the Scientific Revolution?

launched by technological innovations in mid 1700's

What was the importance of the Industrial Revolution?

Minoans

Who developed a civilization on Crete that was strong economically?

Johann Gutenburg

Who introduced the printing press?

world's first female historian

Who was Anna Comnena?

Wrote "95 Theses"

Who was Martin Luther?

Captain Matthew Webb

Who was the first person to swim across the English Channel?