Evolution

What happens when two populations become geographically seperated from each other and then genetic divergence occurs?

Allopathic speciation

Imagine that a biologist develops a strain of corn with a lower fat content by choosing low-fat variants and cross breeding them over several generations. This is an example of

Artificial selection

The human upper arm bone (the humerus) is structurally similar to the upper wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of: A. Analogous structures B. Homologous structures C. Vestigial structures D. Adaptation E. Mutation

B. Homologous structures

Natural selection selects for or against certain A. Genotype so B. Phenotypes C. Gene pools D. Populations E. Alleles

B. Phenotypes

Habitat loss, natural catastrophes, and/or excessive harvesting of a species often result in A. Increased mutation rates B. Population bottlenecks C. Increased fitness of individuals D. Artificial selection

B. Population bottlenecks

In many species of fireflies, males flash light from their abdomens to attract females. Each species has a different flashing pattern. This is an example of

Behavioral isolation

An antibiotic is given repeatedly to treat a recurrent ear infection. It worked initially but now is no longer effective. This indicates that the streotococcus bacterium A. Is very sensitive to the antibiotic B. Is being treated with an infection that has experienced a manufacturing error, making it ineffective C. Experienced natural selection that has allowed the resistant streotococcus to survive and multiply D. Is infectious only if it is sensitive to the antibiotic.

C. Experienced natural selection that has allowed the resistant streotococcus to survive and multiply

Disruptive selection operates whenever: A. Natural selection is disrupted by genetic drift B. A phenotype I'd more successful because it is rare. C. The extremes in a distribution of phenotype are more fit than the average D. Only the largest individuals survive

C. The extremes in a distribution of phenotype are more fit than the average

The controlled breathing of domestic plants no animals by humans in order to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called: A. Natural selection B. Agricultural selection C. Physical selection D. Artificial selection

D. Artificial selection

Who wrote on the origin of species by means of natural selection?

Darwin

Some of darwins more important discoveries were based on studies of birds and tortoises he observed in A. Tahiti B. Jamaica C. Ecuador D. The Bahamas E. The Galápagos Islands

E. The Galápagos Islands

Change in allele frequency because a small subpopulation migrates to a new area to start a new population.

Founder effect

One method of protecting the genetic isolation of a population is the inability of sperm to fertilize eggs of a different species. This is called

Gametic incompatibility

Suppose a new mutation that improves metabolic efficiency is lost from a small population of mammals living In a region of seasonal food scarcity after a hurricane eliminated half the mammal population. This is an example of

Genetic drift

Horses and donkeys can mate successfully to produce mules, which are always steril. Which genetic isolating mechanism prevents horses and donkeys from becoming a single species?

Hybrid infertility

When some individuals in a population become more successful than others leaving their adaptations for success in an environment for future generations.

Natural selection

When reproductive success is based on mating partners.

Sexual selection

A group of an interbreeding natural population that is reproductively isolated from other such groups is called a

Species

If the tallest and shortest individuals of a population of humans do not survive and reproduce as well as the individuals "average" height, which type of selection would most likely result?

Stabilizing selection

What is the consequence of natural selection?

Stronger individuals in a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Two different species of pine release their pollen at different times at different points of the year. This is an example of

Temporal isolation