Evolution Review Quiz

When a new mutation occurs in a gamete and the individual that develops from the zygote bearing that mutation dies because the mutation causes a problem in development, this is the result of... Natural selection Recombination Random chance Independent assortment

NATURAL SELECTION

Which of the following conditions is/are ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY for biological speciation to occur between two populations? Differences in male or female mating preferences between the two populations Differences in survival and reproduction between the two populations Low survival of individuals from one population when placed in the environment of the other Prevention of production of hybrids between the two populations Differences in the biotic or abiotic environment of the two populations

Prevention of production of hybrids between the two populations

evolution is: Dependent upon the increased fitness of individuals to proceed The process by which natural selection fixes beneficial alleles in a population A change in allele frequency over time Survival of the fittest

a change in allele frequency over time

evolution is: Dependent upon the increased fitness of individuals to proceed The process by which natural selection fixes beneficial alleles in a population A change in allele frequency over time Survival of the fittest

a change in allele frequency over time

What is natural selection? A process by which genes that are selectively advantageous to fitness accumulate in an individual to increase its reproductive success A process by which new species that are well-adapted to their environment are formed A process by which genes increase or decrease in frequency in a population due to their impact on individual fitness A process by which alleles increase or decrease in frequency in a population due to their impact on individual fitness

a process by which alleles increase or decrease in frequency in a population due to their impact on individual fitness

Which of the following is NOT required for a male trait to evolve by sexual selection? An effect of the male trait on survival Phenotypic variation in the male trait Genetic variation in the male trait An effect of the male trait on mating success

an effect of the male trait on survival

Use the Venn diagram shown below. Determine if it applies to (A) Natural selection ONLY, (B) Both, (C) Genetic drift ONLY. decreases genetic variation in a population natural selection only both genetic drift only

both

Use the Venn diagram shown below. Determine if it applies to (A) Natural selection ONLY, (B) Both, (C) Genetic drift ONLY. results in changes in allele frequency natural selection only both genetic drift only

both

use the Venn diagram shown below. determine if it applies to (A) natural selection only, (b) both, (c) genetic drift only natural selection only both genetic drift only

both

Which statement best represents the meaning, in biology, of the term evolution? changes in species toward greater complexity over time changes in allele frequencies in populations over time the strongest individuals surviving and producing the most offspring Changes in an individual over time in response to natural selection Species gaining traits as their needs change over time

changes in allele frequencies in populations over time

Which of the following is most likely to increase the strength of genetic drift in a population of mice? Decreasing the amount of food available Decreasing the population size Increasing the population size Decreasing the strength of natural selection

decreasing the population size

which of the following is both a pattern and a process? evolution genetic drift speciation natural selection

evolution

which of the following patterns can be best explained by sexual selection? high individual fitness in a population extreme sexual dimorphism in a population high genetic variation in a population a and b b and c

extreme sexual dimorphism in a population

Which statement most accurately reflects what evolutionary biologists refer to as fitness? Fitness is the measure of body size Fitness reflects the number of potential mates each population has access to Fitness refers to the effective population size Fitness is the strength and health of an individual Fitness is a measure of the survival and reproductive success of an individual

fitness is a measure of the survival and reproductive success of an individual

Use the Venn diagram shown below. Determine if it applies to (A) Natural selection ONLY, (B) Both, (C) Genetic drift ONLY. completely random process natural selection only both genetic drift only

genetic drift only

which of the following is false about genetic variation in a population of long-lived mammals? Genetic variation can be increased in a population by genetic drift. Genetic variation can be decreased in a population by natural selection. Most populations have huge amounts of genetic variation. Genetic variation can be generated by mutation and recombination. None of the above are false (all are true)

genetic variation can be increased in a population by genetic drift.

Which of the following is NOT included in the evolutionary concept of fitness? Survival Number of offspring produced Ability to produce gametes Length of lifespan after reproduction

length of lifespan after reproduction

Using the table below, answer identify which lizard has the highest fitness L1 - #BM:47, #HM:40, #MP:4, #SO:14 L2 - #BM:10, #HM:190, #MP: 9, #SO:15 L3 - #BM:45, #HM:3, #MP:12, #SO: 14 L4 - #BM:20, #HM:20, #MP:1, #SO:13

lizard 2

Which of the following is NOT necessary for a natural selection to occur in a population? Genetic variation Phenotypic variation Heritability of phenotypic variation Differential reproduction among individuals Migration into the population

migration into the population

which of the following is NOT necessary for body size to evolve in a population of crickets by natural selection? Variation in body size among individuals in the population Heritable variation in body size among individuals in a population Migration into the population of individuals with body size variation An effect of body size on individual survival or reproductive success

migration into the population of individuals

which of the following is not necessary for body size to evolve in a population of crickets by natural selection? variation in body size among individuals in the population heritable variation in body size among individuals in a population migration into the population of individuals with body size variation an effect of body size on individual survival or reproductive success

migration into the population of individuals with body size variation

Which of the following is most correctly stated in scientific terms of evolutionary biologists? Milkweeds evolved toxin-production because ancestors producing toxins tended to survive better than those that did not produce toxins Milkweeds evolved toxin-production because other species that pre toxins were surviving better than they were Milkweeds evolved the productions of toxins because the needed to resist being eaten by insects so that they could survive longer Milkweeds produce toxic chemical compounds so that they can live longer and produce more seeds so that the population size will increase Milkweeds produce toxic chemical compounds so that insects in their environment won't eat them and will attack other plants instead

milkweeds evolved toxin-production because ancestors producing toxins tended to survive better than those that did not produce toxins

Natural selection is non-random, but what necessary component of this process is random? survival sexual selection fitness mutation

mutation

A female sea turtle lays 100 eggs in a nest on a beach. 97 of the eggs successfully hatch. The other 3 fail to hatch and instead die because their genotypes caused errors in their development. This is an example of: speciation genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

natural selection

in what way can natural selection produce new traits? "As an environment changes, organisms are forced to adapt their bodies and physiologies" "Organisms attempt to increase their fitness in any way possible, leading to the development of new and better traits" "Natural selection increases genetic diversity in a population, leading to new traits" "Natural selection cannot, by itself, produce new traits"

natural selection cannot, by itself, produce new traits

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Natural selection has a random component but genetic drift does not. Recessive alleles cannot be removed from the population by natural selection. Genetic drift usually results in adaptation of a population to its environment. An individual's phenotype determines whether it will survive genetic drift. None of the above statements are true.

none of the above statements are true

which of the following processes caused lactase mutations to originate in human populations that used dairy products? Environmental pressures Evolutionary pressures Selective pressures All of the above None of the above statements are true

none of the above statements are true

Which of the following conditions is/are ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY for biological speciation to occur between two populations? Differences in male or female mating preferences between the two populations Differences in survival and reproduction between the two populations Low survival of individuals from one population when placed in the environment of the other Prevention of production of hybrids between the two populations Differences in the biotic or abiotic environment of the two populations

prevention of production of hybrids between the two populations

natural selection can do all of the following except: result in the evolution of phenotypes that decrease fitness acts on phenotypes that impact the fitness of individuals in a population result in a population that is better suited to its environment result in no change to the mean of a phenotype in a population None of the above

result in the evolution of phenotypes that decrease fitness

S1 - BL: 72cm, LS(years):2, #ofeggs: 313, #SO: 51 S2 - BL: 113cm, LS(years):3, #ofeggs: 575, #SO: 75 S3 - BL:105(cm), LS(years): 5, #ofeggs: 610, #SO: 66 S4 - BL:127cm, LS(years): 4, #ofeggs: 519, #SO: 81 s5 - BL:117cm, LS(years): 7, #ofeggs: 976, #SO: 70 Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. Above are descriptions of five female snakes. Which one would a biologist say has the HIGHEST fitness? snake 1 snake 2 snake 3 snake 4 snake 5

snake 4

which of the following categories of mutations is the most common in an individual or population? Somatic mutations that have no effect on individual survival Somatic mutations that have deleterious effects on individual survival Germline mutations that have no effect on individual survival Germline mutations that have deleterious effects on individual survival Germline mutations that have positive effects on individual survival

somatic mutations that have no effect on individual survival

Which of the following is the random component of natural selection? The occurrence and types of mutations The survival of different genotypes The fertility of different genotypes The reproductive success of genotypes None of the above

the occurrence and types of mutations

in an evolutionary context, fitness refers to: The reproductive output of an individual The ability of an organism to survive "The strength, size, speed, and other physical attributes of an organism" The health of an organism

the reproductive output of an individual

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is TRUE? The action of genetic drift cannot alter allele frequencies in a population "The smaller the population size, the more likely genetic drift is to occur" Populations do not evolve due to the presence of genetic drift High levels of genetic drift can result in the formation of new deleterious mutations The frequency of a phenotypic trait cannot change due to genetic drift

the smaller the population size, the more likely genetic drift is to occur

which of the following statements is NOT true? The sorting phase of natural selection may result in differential survival between individuals The sorting phase of natural selection may result in differential reproduction between individuals The sorting phase of natural selection is usually a random process The sorting phase of natural selection may result in a different average phenotypic value in the next generation

the sorting phase of natural selection is usually a random process

Which of the following is generally non-random? the location in the genome where a mutation takes place The part of a gene in which a mutation takes place The location on the chromosome where recombination occurs The survival of individuals under natural selection The allele which an individual gamete receives

the survival of individuals under natural selection

A species of butterfly is poisonous to bird predators. Birds learn to avoid this species because when they attack and eat butterflies, the birds get sick. The butterfly species colonizes an island with no predators and over the next one million years gradually loses its toxicity. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this? The butterflies became non-poisonous because they no longer needed protection from birds. The butterflies stopped producing toxins because there were no birds attacking them. "On the island, butterflies without toxins had higher fitness than butterflies with toxins." Birds on the island no longer attack the butterflies because they expect them to be poisonous. Butterflies on the island no longer produce the toxin because it is too costly to produce.

"on the island, butterflies without toxins had higher fitness than butterflies with toxins"

NATURAL SELECTION: 1,4,8 BOTH: 3,6,10 GENETIC DRIFT: 2,5,7,9 1. results in evolution 2. conceptually similar to 'luck of the draw' 3. non-random 4. increases the average fitness of a population 5. stronger in small populations than in large populations 6. requires heritable variation 7. differential survival and reproduction based on chance 8. differential survival and reproduction based on how well-suited a characteristic is to the environment 9. decreases genetic variation in a population 10. acts directly on phenotypic fitness look at the venn diagram and numbered statements shown above. which of the statements on the venn diagram are incorrectly places? 1,3,9,10 3,4,7,8 2,3,4,10 1,2,6,10 1,3,7,8,9

1,3,9,10

M1/BS40mm;200g/H:Good, shiny, thick fur, energetic/RGood: nest materials abundant/#ofSO:6 M2/BS:45mm;250g/H:Good, shiny, thick fur, energetic, aggressive;R:Excellent: near heat source, extensive nest materials (grass)/#ofSO:8 M3/BS:30mm;180g/H:poor:thin fur, missing fur, not very active/R:poor: far from food sources, and few nest materials/#ofSO:9 M4/BS:20mm;100g/H:Good:thick fur, energetic/R:good:nest materials abundant;#ofSO:5 Using the information in the table above, which one of the mice would be considered to have the highest biological fitness 1 2 3 4 not enough information

3

Which of the statements (1-10 below) are WRONG? 1. Natural selection is a non-random process.2. Natural selection does NOT require environmental change. 3. Natural selection is the only mechanism of evolution. 4. Natural selection tries to improve the fit between phenotype and location. 5. Individuals and populations can genetically adapt to environmental change. 6. Adaptation refers to the biological process by which all members of a population gradually adjust to environmental conditions. 7. Biological fitness refers to healthy, strong, large, and sexy individuals. 8. Not using traits for many generations will cause them to be lost. 9. The need to survive causes life to change through time. 10. Genetic variation is required for natural selection to occur.

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

RF1 - LS:3, AVGND(cm):12, #EL:12, #CH: 4 RF2 - LS:5, AVGND(cm):9, #EL:11, #CH:4 RF3 - LS:4, AVGND(cm):6, #EL:4, #CH:3 RF4 - LS:2, AVGND(cm):8, #EL: 6, #CH: 5 RF5 - LS:1, AVGND(cm):7, #EL:2, #CH:1 Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. Above are descriptions of five female robins (a type of bird). Which one would a biologist say has the HIGHEST fitness? 1 2 3 4 5

4

How might natural selection result in the inheritance of deleterious alleles? "Natural selection is a random process, so it can lead to any allele being inherited" A parent with high fitness due to a beneficial allele may also have deleterious mutations which are also passed on to offspring "Most mutations are deleterious or neutral, so it is more likely that natural selection will increase the frequency of those alleles" It is not possible for natural selection to lead to the inheritance of deleterious alleles

A parent with high fitness due to a beneficial allele may also have deleterious mutations which are also passed on to offspring

which of the following is most correctly stated in the scientific terms of evolutionary biologists? Dandelions evolved the production of toxins because they needed to resist being eaten by insects so that they could survive longer. Dandelions produce toxic chemical compounds so that they can live longer and produce more seeds so that the population size will increase. Dandelions produce toxic chemical compounds so that insects in their environment won't eat them and will attack other plants instead. Dandelions evolved toxin production because ancestors producing toxins tended to survive better than those that did not produce toxins.

Dandelions evolved toxin production because ancestors producing toxins tended to survive better than those that did not produce toxins.

Which of the following is an explanation that an evolutionary biologist would give to explain the loss of eyes in a species of fish that lives in dark caves? "The fish did not need to be able to see in the caves because it is dark, so it evolved into a phenotype that no longer developed eye cells and tissues." Fish carrying mutations causing reduction of eyes had greater survival and reproduction than normal fish resulting in the loss of eyes over time. "Over time, individuals transported more kilocalories (energy) to other traits than to eye development because eyes were not used." "Because building eyes is energetically expensive, and the eyes could not be used, the allele was not inherited in offspring." "In order to develop into a phenotype that was better adapted to living in caves, individuals mutated forms completely lacking eyes."

Fish carrying mutations causing reduction of eyes had greater survival and reproduction than normal fish resulting in the loss of eyes over time.