EVR FINAL CH 18

Which of the following can be inferred from the data shown in parts (a) and (b) of the figure?

Buses are inefficient when there are few people riding on them.

The bioenergy garden at Georgia Southern University is used to show plants that can be used __________.

as biofuels that will not add any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Which of the following is not something urban-sustainability advocates suggest that cities follow using ecosystem-centered models?

Reduce recycling initiatives

Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________.

In developing nations, such as Delhi, India

Urban sprawl typically results in ________.

Increased commuting distance

What is specifically restricted outside of urban growth boundaries (UGBs) as mentioned in the video concerning the UGS put into place in 2007?

The 2007 UGB restricts development that is on a large scale or that impacts sensitive natural areas outside its boundaries. Water use is restricted through rationing.

Historically, large cities have tended to develop ________.

along trade routes

It costs less to operate an automobile in a small city than in a large city because ________.

people generally drive fewer miles to and from work in a small city than in a large city

What is the goal of "new urbanism"?

to create functional neighborhoods in which most of a family's needs can be met close to home without the use of a car

Which of the following approaches would earn points toward LEED certification?

recycling all construction wastes

How many megawatt hours (MWh) per year of savings did the students identify for computers at the Penn State Mueller Laboratory Building?

30 MWh

Estimate the total energy use at the lab building and the total estimated savings. Approximately what percentage of the total electrical energy use do these savings represent?

62%

You are a member of a student committee at your college that is evaluating building energy use and potential savings. If your committee finds that your college's potential savings would be similar to those shown for Penn State, action in which area or combination of areas would result in approximately 5% energy savings?

Lighting

Which of the following is the best description of sprawl?

Spacious lots in residential tracts that spread over large areas but are far from urban centers and commercial amenities

Which of the following statements is true regarding sustainable cities?

Sustainable cities tend to be livable cities that provide a good quality of life for their residents.

LEED standards in the construction of new buildings establishes criteria that __________.

conserve energy and water and improve indoor air quality

The water reuse system on the campus of Georgia Southern University __________.

conserves water by using treated city wastewater instead of city tap water for irrigation

One common way to increase the sustainability of a food system is to buy and consume __________.

foods that are grown locally

All of the following factors have contributed to movement of people to suburbs EXCEPT:

greater availability of mass travel

American cities in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit, ________.

grew very rapidly in the 19th and early 20th centuries

The urban heat island effect is caused by ________.

heat-generating buildings and dark, heat-absorbing surfaces

Which of the following statements are supported by the graph? Select all that apply.

in 1950, urban populations is more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equal in 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billion rural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regions in 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion

How can urbanization threaten communities and landscapes?

increased traffic jams

Suburban living encourages ________.

increased use of automobiles

Which of the following was most influential in shifting the population of developed countries from the farms to the cities?

industrialization

All of the following are landscaping features of green buildings EXCEPT:

landscaping with AstroTurf in dry environments.

While Kayla is driving along a busy highway just outside a major city, she suddenly comes to a standstill in traffic. For the first time ever, she notices that alongside the highway are stretches of forest and wetland. She hears the noise of frogs and insects and birds that she never would have noticed if not trapped in traffic. Why does Kayla never notice these natural wonders on her route?

noise pollution

The original purpose of parks in eastern U.S. cities was to ________.

provide a European style experience of the beauty and intimacy of formal landscapes

Which of the following approaches best helps congested cities deal with the problems related to transportation?

provide access to rail and bus transportation in the inner city or other high-density areas

An urban growth boundary (UGB) is intended to ________.

provide guidelines for city development to separate areas desired to be urban from areas desired to be rural

Which of the following follows the philosophy of "building up, not out"?

smart growth

The birth of __________ initiated the phenomenon of sprawl.

suburbs

What are smaller communities that surround cities called?

suburbs

Mass transit systems include all of the following EXCEPT:

taxicabs

This figure shows the population of Portland, Oregon, from 1850 to 2015. What is the explanation for the population trend from 1950 to 1980?

the exodus of residents to the suburbs

One group proposes to convert the base to a new city suburb, with low-cost housing for several thousand of the current inner-city residents. A possible major problem with this might include ________.

the lack of jobs and lack of transportation to jobs

A city undergoing gentrification is experiencing ________.

the loss of working-class people from traditional neighborhoods as housing prices become too expensive

What environmental problem is being addressed by the use of bio swales, large vegetated ditches or depressions, on the campus of Georgia Southern University?

the pollution of streams by oily runoff water from parking lots

Which of the following is a problem that occurs within cities because of the concentrated use of energy in buildings and vehicles and the large amount of dark surfaces that absorb solar energy?

the urban heat island effect

As an ecological resource manager, your preliminary environmental studies should include inquiry into whether ________.

the wetlands include oyster beds and shallow estuaries that are habitats for shrimp, crabs, and fish which are supporting many local industries

Which of the following is true regarding zoning laws?

they can encourage sprawl

Since 2009, for the first time ever, more people in the world are living in __________ areas than __________ areas.

urban; rural

People who seek to improve resource sustainability of our cities urge us to ________.

use renewable energy sources and recycle materials

Which of the following would be characteristic of sprawl?

widely spaced homes spread evenly across a vast tract of land

Greenways ________.

are links that provide pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves

Which of the following consume the bulk of the electricity used in the United States?

buildings

What are green buildings?

buildings constructed out of sustainable materials, which limit the use of energy and water, minimize health impacts, control pollution, and recycle waste

Which of the following occupations is tasked with designing cities in such a way as to maximize their efficiency, functionality, and beauty?

city planner

The role of zoning is to ________.

classify areas for different types of urban development and land use

The practice of classifying areas for different types of development and land use is referred to as ________

zoning

What practice classifies areas for different types of land use?

zoning

According to the projected data, after what year will the majority of people in less developed regions be living in urban areas?

2018

How many MWh per year of savings are possible for HVAC?

1500 MWh

The student report estimated $45,500 in electricity savings. What was the approximate cost of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour (kWh) used to calculate this savings?

2.7 cents per MWh

What is an urban growth boundary (UGB)?

It is a line on a map separating regions open to urban development from rural areas.

Pat and Terry are considering moving from near the center of a large city into the suburbs. Which of the following discussion points is valid?

It will be easier to have a place for a vegetable garden if they move to the suburbs

From the 1950s to the 1970s many cities experienced a loss in population as people left for the suburbs. Which one of the following is not a factor that led to this migration?

People sought out the better public transportation options present in the suburbs.

LEED-certified buildings could be described by all of the following EXCEPT:

Their construction usually costs less than for conventional buildings