Ex. 60: Meiosis, Fertilization, and Early Development
diploid
2 sets of chromosomes in all cells
karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
blastocyst
The ______ is the development stage that implants in the endometrium.
zygote
The ovum and sperm unite and form a diploid cell called the ______.
false
True/False. A single completed oogenesis sequence produces four functional ova (eggs).
true
True/False. A single completed spermatogenesis sequence produces four functional sperm
true
True/False. The zona pellucida gel layer surrounds the secondary oocyte and early development stages through the morula.
somatic cells
body cells (skin, cells, muscle, fat, nerve)
chorionic villi
branch projections of chorion
chromosomes
carry the genes
meiosis
cell division to produce gametes
autosomes
chromosomes not involved in sex determination
inner cell mass
develops into the actual embryo
trophoblast
develops into the extraembryonic membranes and part of the placenta
alleles
different forms of the genes
chorion
forms fetal portion of placenta
allantois
forms part of umbilical cord
blastocyst cavity
hollow part
blastocyte
implantation stage of embryo into the endometrium
endoderm
inner layer; gives rise to linings of digestion, respiratory, and urinary organs
amnion
membrane that encloses embryo
mesoderm
middle layer; develops into bones, muscles, dermis, and connective tissue
ectoderm
outer layer; develops into epidermal structures and the nervous system
primary germ layers
primitive tissues that develop into all organs
yolk sac
produces early blood cells and gonadal tissues of embryo
mitosis
produces somatic cells
amniotic fluid
protective fluid between amnion and embryo
sexual reproduction
reproduction involving the fusion of gametes
blastomere
segment of embryo
gametes
sex cells
placenta
site of exchange of nutrients gases and wastes between embryonic and maternal blood
umbilical cord
suspends embryo in amniotic fluid; attached to the placenta
embryonic cleavage
synchronous cell division without cell growth
through the first eight weeks of development
the embryonic stage of human development exists __________.
combinations of the decidua basalis and chorionic villi
the placenta is comprised of ______.
umbilical arteries
transports oxygen-poor blood of fetus to maternal portion of placenta (2)
umbilical vein
transports oxygen-rich blood from maternal portion of placenta to embryo (1)
umbilical cord
which of the following is not an extraembryonic membrane? a. umbilical cord b. amnion c. chorion d. yolk sac