Exam 1 AN S

T/F A method of identification that is both permanent and easy to read at a distance for a cattle producer is a brand.

true

T/F Microchipping will not work well in a dairy operation, just like for other meat animal producers. Eventually the animal is harvested for meat, and it might be hard or impossible to find the microchip before it ends up in someone's dinner!

true

True or False? By our definition, a species of animal can be considered domesticated because the species has been tamed and it's basic care is provided by caring humans.

true

As per discussion in lab, what animal-derived product initially brought England and Spain to the economic power they are today? Respond with a single word answer, and be sure to spell the answer correctly. An incorrect spelling will result in an incorrect response. For this question, do not capitalize the response.

wool

Animal welfare is really the same concept as anthropomorphism as we discussed in class.

fasle

Name the method of identification which is very permanent, not considered invasive, yet provides a unique identification of each animal via an image of blood vessels. (a two word answer is required, spelled correctly. No capitalization needed here). And do not use the word "eye" in your response :-) )

retinal scan

True or False? A roughage is generally harder to digest, has a lower energy concentration than a feed categorized as a concentrate. Roughages are more likely fed to ruminants than monogastrics.

true

High quality roughages are generally considered more digestible and have higher % protein content than poor quality ones.

true

It is clear that the domestic dogs of today show a great deal of variation in their ability to vocalize, and that sounds made from those vocalizations (aka. . . .barking, etc.). Is it true that humans created that variation due to selective breeding?

true

Much of the variation we see today in breeds and types of dogs was created from the Victorian era to today; not a very long time frame as genetic change goes. t/f

true

To balk means to stop and resist moving forward. So therefore, True or False? Shadows, bright lights and dark corners are some distractions that can exist in a working facility that will cause animals to balk.

true

True or False? The mutually dependent relationship we have with domesticated animals is called a Neolithic relationship.

true

What is the process by which microbial fermentation is used to preserve the wet green corn or alfalfa plants that are harvested, chopped and stored in an airtight device like a pit or silo? (One word answer, must spell correctly, and capitalization not required)

ensiled

Concentrate feeds that are the co-products from ethanol or from corn sweetener production are recently very important in livestock diets, especially in Iowa because we grow so much corn. Which of the following were co-products that are used as concentrates in animal diets? These were presented in lab, and were derived from the wet and dry milling processes used to turn corn into ethanol or sweeteners. Choose all that apply.

distillers grain and corn gluten feed

What is the processing method usually called that preserves wet green-cut feeds like corn or alfalfa by excluding oxygen, and allowing anaerobic fermentation to occur?

ensiling

The discipline of behavior, in our case animal behavior, is called what (one word answer)? Offer a one-word response, spelled correctly of course.

ethology

According to our video study of dogs, the Bulldog is now more viable, healthy and athletic because of the selective breeding that has occurred since the Victorian era.

f

The most effective search and rescue dog is a highly trained and disciplined dog that requires precise commands to find the victim.

false

. Chopped, wet forages (like corn plants or alfalfa) are preserved by a processing method were oxygen is excluded from the feed and microbial fermentation occurs. What is the processing method called? Your answer must one word, and spelled correctly for it to be counted.

ensiled

What is the technical (scientific) adjective used to denote things of goats? Requires a one-word response, spelled correctly of course. As a hint, if things related to horse work are "equine" in nature, what are things of goats?

caprine

The body of the corn plant (the dried brown stalk portion of the corn plant along with the husks from the ears) which left over in the fields after corn is harvested in the fall is sometimes called "crop aftermath". It may be formed into bales after corn harvest. What is this feed called? So this is fill-in-the blank question. The answer is corn __________. You fill in the blank. Hint: Though very commony used, don't use "stalks" - this actually refers to the green plant harvested like hay - not what we are talking about here. Use a one word answer, the one used in our video and on on our worksheet. Must be spelled correctly to count. [cornaftermath2]

stover

. To break the middle link of the disease transmission chain (venue of transmission), one should consider sanitation practices.

true

Based on how we defined trained behaviors in AnS 101, the three step behavior expected of a search dog is a conditioned behavior

true

One speaker in our presentation indicated that the great diversity of dog breeds was and is currently driven by human's attraction to the unique, such as a unique color, physical shape or hair type.

true

Sheep and hogs, when handled often tend to become "desensitized" to the activity, and their flight response to this interaction is diminished. This behavior change is called "habituation", and it is a learned (versus innate) response.

true

Soybeans were classified as a concentrate in class and they are used for primarily protein in the diet of animals. True or False?

true

The Inuit really demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between dog and human. This means that sled dogs were bred to be very effective as contributors of transportation and labor. True False

true

There are so many feeds that, if not for being fed to livestock, might go to waste. Feeds like crop aftermath, but also the leftovers from human food production. Oyster shells, citrus pulp, candy with expired shelf life, and even things like bone meal and blood meal make excellent livestock feed. And then in turn, livestock produce food for humans.

true

This is a true/false question. This question seeks to distinguish two terms used in lecture: Aquaculture and Aquacapture. Aquaculture refers to the conscious production of biological products in a water-based environment that to serve to meet human need. Aquacapture refers to the harvesting of biological products that serve to meet human need from their native environment, and not cultured or raised for harvest.

true

True or False? Based on class discussions, our evolved relationship with animals since ancient times led to more time and health for humans. This allowed some humans to engage in the development of what we might define in modern times as the humanities.

true

True or False? Besides securing the animal by tying the halter to a fence or rail, the best feature of the knot we examined and tied in lab today was that it can be easily released from the fence should the need arise - for example if the animal falls down while tied. Correct! True False

true

True or False? In AnS 101, agriculture is defined as the conscious production of all biological products to meet human needs. Of course, products derived from animals fit within this definition, whether they be for food or for other needs.

true

True or False? The dairy cows today were uncomfortable with the first students who milked them, but soon got used to the idea and were not as disturbed by being approached by students to be milked. This change in behavior is called "habituation

true

True or False? Vaccinations create a form of "active immunity" by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. This is different than "passive immunity" such as received from colostrum.

true

The study/discipline of animal behavior is otherwise termed ______

ethology

The typical domestic dog of today does not in essence differ in skeletal structure and athletic ability from the protodog discussed in our study.

false

True or False statement Based on our lab activities today, it is inappropriate (not acceptable) to make the sheep fall over in order to secure its movements.

false

True or False? Anthropomorphism refers to the care that we provide to our domestic animal species.

fasle

There is a class of diseases caused by abnormal proteins that infect and destroy the central nervous system over time. They are infectious and always lethal. In sheep, we call this disease "scrapie". In cattle, it is called BSE or sometimes "Mad Cow"). In humans, it is called "Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease". What is the causative agent of these diseases? Your response must be one word, not capitalized and spelled correctly to count. The causative agent (aka the abnormal protein referenced above) of these diseases is called a what?

Prion

What is the name of the breed of dog, bred and used by the Bedouin for the purpose of hunting rabbits (hint - also the mascot of an Illinois university)? A one-word answer is required, spelled correctly and capitalized too (as all proper

Saluki

In AnS 101, a leg injury caused by poor training is called a disease even though it is not transmissible.

T

T/F The milk produced from a dairy goat has a different flavor than from cows, primarily because of a different fatty acid profile. The size of the fat molecules are smaller and more easily digested than the fat molecule from bovine milk.

T

T/F Regarding the major categories of comparison we studied in class today, which category is referenced by observations that show an animal is "bolder sprung", "deeper ribbed", and "wider chested" than another?

TRUE

Beef cattle producers commonly both tag (ear tag) and tattoo the ears of their cattle. Why is that? Choose all that are correct. 1) tattoos are considered permanent and so the identity of the calf is not likely to be lost 2) the tag is considered more temporary than a tattoo, so if the tag is lost (say gets caught in a fence for example and is ripped out), the calf's identity is still maintained with the tattoo. if the producer messes up one, the other one might still work ok 3) ear tags are easily read from a short distance, and so provides information about the calf without having to catch it.

all correct`

Mulitiple choice ( choose the single best response) Name the common co-product derived from corn grain used in the production of ethanol (pictured above).

distiller's grain

Nervous system infections called "encephalopathies" (like scrapie and mad cow disease) are caused by which category of infectious agent?

prion

There are three links in the representation of "the chain of infectious disease transmission". What are those links called? venue of transmission vaccinate contagious bacteria quarantine biosecurity sanitize reservoir susceptible animal prion

reservoir, venue of transmission, and susceptible animal

There are 7 "groups" of dogs recognized by the AKC (American Kennel Club). See their website for more details as well. Which of those groups is defined in the following way? "Active. Alert. Remarkable instincts in water and woods, Actively participate in hunting and other field activities. Require regular vigorous exercise." This requires a one-word response, spelled correctly. Does not need to be capitalized.

sporting

During US colonial times, a wall was built in New York to prevent livestock (mostly pigs, actually) from entering the boroughs (housing areas). What is the name of the street where this wall was built? Respond with a one-word answer (no spaces in your response), and since it is a proper name, be sure to capitalize your response and spell it correctly. Note that a misspelled response will not be counted as correct because these questions are automatically graded.

Wallstreet

The body part along the top line of the animal that falls between the last rib and the hip bone is almost always called the same name in all of our domestic species. We often use it in the discussion of muscle differences both on live animals and their carcasses too. What is the name of this body part?

loin

1. Take careful note of how we defined 'domestication' in our class discussions, and how we defined the concept in the official 'AnS 101' way. Which of the following situations best characterizes what we mean by the term "domestication" (choose single best answer)? 1) Julie has a Fallow deer farm. She carefully selects and breeds together bucks and does that display the most tractable behavior (tractable means more calm and easily worked with) and for fast growth and carcass quality. She breeds these selected bucks and does together to produce next year's crop of fawns. 2) Sally captured an orphan fawn, and has cared for this deer for the past year. The deer is now termed "domesticated" because she has tamed it from a wild-type condition of behavior. 3) Joe owns a cattle ranch and wild game preserve. He has a lot of deer and other wild game on the ranch. Joe hunts harvests the deer harvests them for venison.

1

A conditioned response is defined by which of the following terms (choose single best response). 1. trained 2. a flight zone 3. imprinted 4. none of the responses offered are correct innate

1

Compare the two persons described here. Which of them is more anthropomorphic in the approach to his/her chicken(s)? 1) Jim imagines that he would not like living in a cage if he were a chicken. Jim allows his Leghorn hens (named Henrietta and Gertrude) to roam the yard ad-libitum (freely or as she wishes). He provides a balanced ration that he buys from the local feed store, and provides table scraps on occasion to make the diet more interesting for the hens. He also then eats their eggs. 2) Joy raises commercial broilers (poultry raised for meat). She raises them in confinement and provides properly balanced rations and fresh water so as to encourage growth and feed efficiency.

1

Domestic animals were described in class as "an expression of our humanity". Why is this the case? Choose the single best answer. 1) We have altered them genetically to be an outward expression of our human interests and who we are as humans. 2) We paint pictures of animals. 3) We commercially trade the animals and also the products we produce from them. That is how we meet our basic human needs. 4) None of the responses offered for this question are really correct in the way we discussed them in class. 5)We have a symbiotic relationship with domestic animals.

1

Multiple choice (choose all that are correct). Why do we process feeds for animal usage? 1. Makes the feed more digestible to the animal. 2. makes the feed less expensive. 3. makes the feed more easy to handle and store 4.might allow for a balanced diet to be consumed with every bite (eliminate selective eating and sorting)

1, 3, 4

Marcow Flyrubio is a faculty member at BSU (Bovine State University). When Marcow goes out in the pasture, the cattle keep their distance from him, and will run if he moves toward them. He explains that they are exhibiting an innate response.However, BSU student Bernard Sandpile argues the cattle are just simply not habituated to the presence of Marcow. Who is correct and why? Choose the single best response. 1) Both Marcow and Bernard are correct. Animals that are not habituated to a threat will exhibit a flight response. This is an innate behavior. 2) Bernard is correct because if the cattle were habituated to Marcow they would be accustomed to his presence and so not threatened by him. So, there is no need for them to exhibit a flight response. 3) Neither of them are correct. The cattle have been trained to flee because every time they are handled they are processed through a chute. Running from the manager is a conditioned, and not innate response. 4) Marco is correct because it is a normal and innate behavior for cattle to display a flight response This is because they view Marcow as a threat.

1

Our presentation indicated that some wolves gained 'selective advantage' by associating with our human ancestors more readily, and so were the starting point for the domestic dog. What do they mean by 'selective advantage? Choose the best response from those offered 1. Those wolves with smaller flight zones reproduced more successfully than those who fled more readily from our ancient ancestors. 2. Wolves that moved in closer to human villages were killed off at a greater rate. 3. Wolves that associated with humans had more unique color patters and ear shapes and so our ancestors captured and bred them for puppies.

1

The researcher who interviewed citizens in a community in Mexico demonstrated the human tendency that drives the creation of dog diversity in the world. What is that preferential tendency which he demonstrates with his "street experiment"? Choose the best response. 1. Humans prefer unique and different, so tend to select dogs for uniqueness 2. humans prefer to select for black dogs, so this explains why most dogs are black in color 3. Humans don't really select dogs; rather dogs tend to affiliate with humans to whom they can relate best. 4. humans tend to select dogs that look like babies because the are cute

1

To move a calf forward in a chute with the least stress to the calf, which is the best way for the handler approach the calf? 1. move beside the calf from its head to its tail move beside the calf from its tail to its head. 2. Don't move beside the calf. 3. Get behind the calf and push it forward.

1

Why would a dairy producer place a bright colored plastic leg band on a dairy cow? Pick the best, most logical answer from the following possibilities. 1) It is easily noticed and read in the milking parlor (cows stand with udders at eye level) 2) it is a permanent form of identification for a dairy cow 3)it is not invasive to the dairy cow 4) it is sanitary

1

Match the term with its corresponding value or its correct term as applied to goats. 1) number of offspring per parturition 2) typical days of gestation 3) days of age at weaning 4) pounds of live weight at harvest (slaughter) 5) name of the birthing process 6)name of the offspring that is born

1) 1 to 3 2) 147 to 150 3) 60 4) 100 5) kindling 6) kid

This is a matching question designed to review/learn commonly used terms associated with reproduction and sexual behavior of domestic animals. 1) estrus 2) heat detection 3) paturition 4) brooding 5) heat 6) estrous cycle

1) period during the estrous cycle of female mammals (except higher primates) during which they are ready to accept a male and to mate 2) practice of determining when an animal is in estrus 3) process of delivering an offspring 4) avian behavior of setting a clutch of eggs and caring for the chicks immediately following hatching 5) analogous to estrus (not estrous) 6) adj. used to denote the reproductive cycle spanning heat to heat

On our worksheet, we indicated that there are sometimes terms that are often species specific. for this question, match up the terms with the species to which they correspond. It is true that sometimes the terms can apply to more than one species (for example, all animals have a "belly", but it is most often used on one species, especially when discussing carcass regions). So work toward the best overall matches. 1) leg 2) quarter (round) 3) breast 4) rack 5) rib 6)belly 7) jowl 8) ham

1) sheep 2) cow 3) sheep 4) sheep 5) cow 6) pig 7) pig 8) pig

Why identify and describe our domestic animals? Choose all that are correct. 1) to record individual performance data for genetic and performance (phenotypic) comparisons. 2) to communicate with others about animals preferred in breeding program 3) to communicate with others about health evaluations of individual animals or groups of animals

1, 2, 3

9. Based on the stations of work outlined on the worksheet for this module, which of the following seems to be a way in which beef breeds are distinguished ? 1) Body color 2) ear shape 3) body shape 4) size of wool cap and wool on the legs 5) the expression of muscle

1, 2, 3, 5

Why do we process feeds? Choose all that are correct. 1. to handle the feed more easily 2. to improve the marketability (consumer appeal) of the animal feed being sold. 3.o improve storage and shelf life 4. To make the cost of the feed less expensive to the producer. 5. to enhance digestibility and palatability for the animal

1, 2, 3, 5

From lab this week, the biggest distinction of western tack is that . . . . .(choose all that are correct). . . . 1) the saddle had a cantle and a horn. 2) a latigo was used to secure the tack. 3) a thick strap (cinch) was used to tightly attack the saddle to the belly and rear flank of the horse. 4) stirrups were detachable. 5) fenders exist to protect the legs.

1, 2, 5

In class, we speak strongly about the symbiotic relationship critical to the existence of both domestic animals and humans. Our film suggests that humans, in their quest for "different", might have failed in this symbiotic responsibility. According to our presentations, what evidence exists for this failure? Choose all that apply. 1. Dogs such as the Shar Pei that have skin and eye lid diseases because of the look for which we have purposefully selected. 2. The incredible athletic ability and hunting talents of the Saluki 3. The change in the Bull Dog from an athlete to a wide, short bodied non-athletic dog of today. 4. Extreme agressive behaviors and vocalization associated with Terrier lines, bred first for hunting and rodent control, but now confined to small urban settings.

1, 3, 4

Which of the following are considered examples of non-infectious diseases as per our class definition of disease? Choose ALL that are correct. 1. an injury caused by an excessively difficult birthing process 2. ringworm 3. a broken leg 4. bacterial infections 5. stunted growth caused by a nutrient defiency in the diet of the animal 6. a deleterious (meaning detrimental or "bad") genetic (inherited) condition. 7. prion-originated diseases like bovine spongiform enchephalopathy

1, 3, 5, 6

Many bacterial and viral diseases are infectious (transmissible). Which of following statements are correct when considering these infectious agents? Choose all that are correct. 1. Both bacterial and viral diseases can be treated and cured with antibiotics. 2. Bacterial diseases usually can be treated with antibiotics. 3. Viral diseases, like rabies, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal". 4. Viral diseases can be treated with antibiotics. 5. Bacterial diseases, like Brucellosis, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal".

1, 5

What is a Saluki? 1. A breed of dog 2. Dogs used by the Bedouin for hunting rabbits 3. A breed of dog used by Inuits for pulling sleds in Artic regions. 4. All of these choices are correct.

1-2

Based on the content of the presentations, how did it come to be that the Asiatic wolf became associated with humans, and thus initiated their domestication? Choose all that are correct. 1. Wolves approached humans on the edges of settlements, seeking and finding food from the scraps of humans. 2. hose with a smaller flight distance were in a favorable position to benefit from the human settlement 3. Wolves who existed closer to human settlements ate better, lived better and so were more likely to propogate offspring with smaller flight zones. 4. humans favored the wolves presence in their lives (met human needs) and so began to tame, interact and later domesticate the wolf

1-3

Consider the interests that the Victorians had in dog breeding. It is not too different than the interest of some who breed dogs today. Also consider that Dr. Willham (from our first lab) wrote that "domestic animals are a painting by humans on the canvas of DNA." How then is it that the the creation of the modern domestic dog might be considered a contribution to (or at least a reflection of) our humanities? Choose all that apply. 1. The domestic dog, developed especially since the Victorian Era, is an expression of human interests, much like other forms of artwork would be. 2. Time and wealth ( of which apparently the Victorians had) afforded them the ability to breed dogs to meet their "fancy". 3. Domestication is a dynamic change in genotype of the dog, and the changes seen in dogs since the Victorian era are a reflection of this continual dynamic change. 4. Cave paintings show that the many breeds of dogs that exist today were in existence thousands of years ago. The Victorians capitalized on this variation, and were captivated by that. 5. Genetic change in dogs is a very slow process. The Victorians simple leaned on the variation in dog breeds created by humans since the time of the Neolithic Revolution.

1-3

One very fascinating experiment on foxes in the former Soviet Union supports this theory and also demonstrates surprisingly how fast the characteristics of the domestic dog might have developed. What was the essential nature of this experiment? Choose all that apply. 1. foxes were selected for "tractable" (friendly, less agressive) behavior. 2. Foxes with more friendly behaviors were allowed to intermate, and this created a situation of artifical selection for behavior traits in this population. 3. physical traits like ear shape, color and others seem to be genetically correlated with the preferred behaviors. 4. Aggressive foxes showed more variation for color and ear shape 5. Foxes that were more aggressive or had a stronger flight response were selected, and mated together, causing variation in color patterns and ear shape 6. Domestic dogs were mated with foxes with different behaviors in order to creat foxes with more phenotypic variation

1-3

In lab we separated feeds into type categories: additive, concentrate and roughages. What distinguishes roughages from concentrates? Choose all that are correct. 1. Corn silage is an example high quality roughage, steam-flaked oats and extruded soybeans are an examples of concentrates, and trace mineral mixes and mollases are exampes of additives as they are all used in animal rations. 2. Digestibility primarily from fiber content (meaning the cellulose and lignin content of the feed) is one major factor that distinguishes roughages from concentrates. 3. Additives are included in diets in relatively small amounts, usually to balance the ration for minerals and vitamins, and/or to improve the quality of the way in which the feed is offered in the diet. 4. Considering the source of the feedstuff in question, roughages are mostly or usually from plant body, and concentrates are mostly or usually from seed grains or product of derivatives of seed grain sources. 5. Concentrates are used for energy, but only roughages are used for protein in animal diets. 6. Roughages are used for energy, but only concentrates are used for protein in animal diets.

1-4 `

3. In lab, we worked with the idea that mostly any diet can be fed to any class of animal, but that certainly there are some diets more effectively used for a particular class of animal than for another. This depends upon if the animal is a monogastric or a ruminant, and on the performance expected. Consider the following descriptions of diets and match them to the class of animal that it best fits. 1. corn stover, low quality alfalfa hay 2. ground corn, soybeans, and supplemented amino acids and minerals 3. high quality corn silage, cottonseed, cracked corn, sodium bicarbonate 4. meat meal, animal byproducts, and supplementation of taurine 5. freeze dried milk whey, reconstituted with water

1. hampshire brood ewe 2. gestating yorkshire sow 3. holstein dairy cow 4. 1 yr old siamese cat 5. 1 week old calf

This question requires a calculation and a numerical response. Pasture represents a very large part of what feeds are offered to ruminant livestock, and horses too. How much an animal needs to eat each day exactly depends on many factors such as stage of production, quality of the forage, weather conditions and so on. Research tells us, for example, that cows typically need about 3% of their body weight in dry matter feed (roughage in this case) each day. Let's say Chuck Grasslee has 10 acres in a paddock of his pasture. The grass in this pasture is of good quality, yielding 300 pounds of dry matter forage per inch of standing forage per acre. When Chuck turns the cows out into this pasture, the grass is 10 inches tall He will only allow the cows to eat 50% of the forage that is available in the pasture before he rotates them to another paddock. The question Chuck has is, "How many cows that weigh 1000 pounds each can I feed for 5 days in this paddock under these conditions?" What is the correct answer, given the information provided? Please only provide a numerical answer, and just provide the value (don't for example write "cows"). Only report a whole number value, do not round up - just drop any decimal values you may have from the calculation. Correct!

100

This question requires a numerical response. Enter your answer as a decimal value (for example 8.6 or 12.2 or 0.9) as was reflected in his presentation. Remember: Feed efficiency is defined as the amount of feed required to produce a pound of body weight (or body mass). According to our speaker, what is the feed efficiency of fish? He compared this to other common food producing animals during his talk and on his slides.

1:1

According to our presentation, how did our symbiotic relationship with domestic dogs fail when considering the Bulldog? 1. Early breeders put dogs in harms way moving bulls. We should have protected them. 2. Humans bred funcional ability out of the original Bulldog and created the less viable breed that we see today. 3. We allowed the Bulldog to become the mascot of Drake University

2

In the image presented here, one can see the heart of a dog, and it's associated disease condition. We also used an example like this in our class lecture. Which of the following statements correctly addresses the situation depicted by this image? Choose ALL that are correct. 1. This is clearly a non-infectious, bacterial infection. 2. This dog's disease is clearly an infectious, endoparasitic disease.. 3. The dog is the victim of an infectious disease ( by our AnS 101 definition). It can be treated with antibiotics to cure the afflication.

2

Today you looked at several example rations that can be fed to different kinds of domestic animals. Which one of these animals would require a less concentrated ration than the others listed (less concentrated meaning lower concentration of energy)? 1. market hog 2. brood cow (older female beef animal) 3. market steer (to be harvested upon reaching ideal weight for producing a carcass) laying hen 4. None of the above. They all need a concentrated energy diet to function.

2

Why are microchips not used on meat animals? Choose the best single answer. 1) microchips are too temporary. Livestock producers need more permanence. 2) the microchips must be retrieved at harvest before they enter our food supply. microchips are not permanent enough. 3) microchipping and other electronic identification systems are not advanced enough to be used dependably on livestock. 4) microchips are too expensive and hard to apply

2

Take a moment and consider Ralph who lives in a suburb of a large metro area. He only buys milk from local dairies. He cannot imagine that dairy cattle living in confinement and being milked three times per day would be happy. The cost of obtaining his milk from local sources and raised is much higher than for milk from larger corporate sources, but he is concerned that large-scale production is not humane. Ralph is not alone; there is a trend of increasing demand for the same kind of milk has been increasing in the US in recent years. Why might this US trend in anthropomorphic societal views of livestock (like for example Ralph's view of dairy cattle and dairy production) be occurring compared to developing countries of the world (best answer)? 1) Over time, our fellow US citizens have much less of a direct connection to and understanding of the ways in which food is produced - especially animal derived foods. 2) Our fellow US citizens are more affluent, and as such have more time, health and resources to consider our human/animal connection. 3) All of the choices offered here are a correct reflection of Ralph's perspective, and of the concepts we discussed in class. 4) Groups interested in an anthropomorphic view of preferred animal care practices have invested much resources into promoting these perspectives to fellow US citizens.

3

The Chinese dowager princess was cited in our presentation as having initiated the explosion of domestic dog breeds that we see today. What was her contribution to making this happen? Choose the best response. 1. The dowager sold many different kinds of dogs to others around the world to finance the Chinese war effort. 2. The dowager's dog was effective at protecting the Chinese from British soldiers. 3. The dowager favored a small dog that resembled a lion. Some were captured and caught the attention of wealthy Victorian people who bred for unique appearances..

3

From lab, we stated that our relationship with animals forms "the warp and woof of human civilization". Which phrase captures the concept of what is referenced by this statement (choose single best answer)? 1) Dogs are foundation of domestication (hence the reference to woof). 2) We cannot consider ourselves civilized if indeed we do not provide care to animals. 3) Without domestic animals, we would not have survived as a human species because we would not have had labor to build and transport materials. 4) The strands of yarn which are weaved together are analogous to the close-knit dependency we have on animal usage, enabling time and health for human civilization to be developed.

4

Using the resources referenced in lecture, found in the class folder, or others you may have access to, look up the abnormal behavior "cribbing". This is an example of abnormal behavior because ... (Choose the best response). 1) Dogs fear thunderstorms and so often desperately seek shelter from the storm. 2) Rabbits eat their own "night feces" from the cecum. 3) Horses develop sore legs and so cannot perform athletically. 4) None of the choices offered are a correct definition of the behavior called "cribbing". 5) Dairy cattle are susceptible to mastitis. 6) Pigs do not adapt to confinement very well. 7) Sheep are gregarious, so separating them from flock is stressful to the sheep.

4

Why is our relationship with dairy cattle considered a symbiotic relationship? 1) Cows have rights and we need to ensure these rights are met. 2) Both of the responses offered explain why our relationship is symbiotic. 3) Neither of the responses offered explain the nature of the symbiotic relationship we have with dairy cattle. 4) We have genetically altered the cow to produce a lot of milk, and in so doing we have (perhaps inadvertently) selected against their ability to survive fully on their own. Therefore, we provide for their basic needs and they in turn provide to meet ours.

4

The following are all considered diseases. But which of the following represent what we defined as contagious disease situations? Choose all that apply. 1. A horse is cribbing, which means it develops the habit of biting down on fences while it sucks in air, this increasing endorphin release with a corresponding addiction to the sense of high that follows. 2. One dog tangles with another and develops cuts and scratches. 3. A cow has a difficult time delivering a calf because the birhtweight of the calf is too big. 4. An unsanitary truck travelling from an infected flock enters my farm, and soon after turkeys die suddenly from avian influenza. 5. The weekend help accidently feeds some protein pellets meant for the beef cattle to the horses instead. The pellets contain "rumensin" (a growth promoting compound). The horses die from this ingredient. 6. A horse suffers from the ringworm fungus that spreads rapidly under the moist warm saddle blanket after a hard day's work.

4, 6

Which of the following choices did our speaker Dr. Morris lead us to understand is true about the future importance of aquaculture in the United States? Choose all that are correct. 1. The US dominates world aquaculture production in term so tonnage of production 2. Aquaculture is too difficult to manage to be a viable US food industry. 3. Food fish are not raised effectively raised in captivity/confinement, so the growth of aquaculture is limited by this fact. 4. China dominates most aquaculture production in the world. The US ranks relatively very low in the world in aquaculture production. 5. it appears that American demand will not continue to increase. Aquaculture production in the US is nearly maximized and potentially unsustainable. 6. There is a lot of growth potential for this industry in US aquaculture because aquacapture alone does not provide for American demand.

4, 6

This is a question that requires a numerical response to nearest 1 decimal point (aka 1/10 of a pound). A 150 pound ewe requires three percent of her body weight in feed (dry matter basis) each day. How much feed (dry matter basis) does she need today? Just provide the numerical answer (and do not type the units for this question - just the value to the nearest tenth).

4.5

It is common to see leg bands on dairy cows when one visits a milking parlor ( the room where cows are milked). The room, and the leg bands that we reference here, look like what is referenced in this photo. Why are those leg bands used? Choose all that are correct. 1) they are easily seen by the milker in the parlor because they are at eye level 2) they flag the cow as having been treated with antibiotics, or otherwise cannot be allowed to contribute milk to the food supply at that time. 3) is a temporary means of id, that can be easily removed when the need for identifying the cow for that purpose has ended

ALL

a. Corn grain is a/an b. Corn silage is a/an c. Corn gluten feed is d. Salt is a/an e. Milo (sorghum) is a/an f. Corn stover is a/an

a. concentrate b. roughage c. concentrate d. additive e. concentrate f. roughage

What is the category of feed called that usually is included in small quantity in a ration in order to balance the ration for say minerals and vitamins, or perhaps to improve the ration's palatability? Your answer is one word, and needs to be spelled correctly to count.

additives

In class we spoke of agriculture as the production of biological products to meet human need. What amazing "products" do domestic dogs provide beyond the usual understanding of companionship and transportation? Choose all that apply (as presented in our study). 1. livestock herding 2. cancer detection 3.detection of impending epilectic seizures 4. search and rescue of humans 6. healing powers (hairless dogs of Chichimeca)

all

Antibiotics operate on which category of disease transmission? Choose best single answer. -all agents of infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics parasites -both viruses and bacteria -bacteria -viruses

bacteria

What is the part of saddle called where the rope is tied when securing a calf caught by a lasso? (enter a one word answer, four letters in length, no capitalization required).

horn

The area within which an animal feels threatened when something unfamiliar enters is called that animal's flight ___?

zone